scholarly journals Leaf area of common bean genotypes during early pod filling as related to plant adaptation to limited phosphorus supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Santos Trindade ◽  
Adelson Paulo Araújo ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Net Assimilation

Low phosphorus supply markedly limits leaf growth and genotypes able to maintain adequate leaf area at low P could adapt better to limited-P conditions. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between leaf area production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes during early pod filling and plant adaptation to limited P supply. Twenty-four genotypes, comprised of the four growth habits in the species and two weedy accessions, were grown at two P level applied to the soil (20 and 80 mg kg-1) in 4 kg pots and harvested at two growth stages (pod setting and early pod filling). High P level markedly increased the leaf number and leaf size (leaf area per leaf), slightly increased specific leaf area but did not affect the net assimilation rate. At low P level most genotypic variation for plant dry mass was associated with leaf size, whereas at high P level this variation was associated primarily with the number of leaves and secondarily with leaf size, specific leaf area playing a minor role at both P level. Determinate bush genotypes presented a smaller leaf area, fewer but larger leaves with higher specific leaf area and lower net assimilation rate. Climbing genotypes showed numerous leaves, smaller and thicker leaves with a higher net assimilation rate. Indeterminate bush and indeterminate prostrate genotypes presented the highest leaf area, achieved through intermediate leaf number, leaf size and specific leaf area. The latter groups were better adapted to limited P. It is concluded that improved growth at low P during early pod filling was associated with common bean genotypes able to maintain leaf expansion through leaves with greater individual leaf area.

scholarly journals Seed Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) in relation to Growth and Developmental Aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Mondal ◽  
A. B. Puteh ◽  
M. A. Malek ◽  
M. R. Ismail ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth parameters such as leaf area (LA), total dry mass (TDM) production, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) were compared in six varieties of mungbean under subtropical condition (24°8′ N 90°0′ E) to identify limiting growth characters for the efficient application of physiology breeding for higher yields. Results revealed that a relatively smaller portion of TDM was produced before flower initiation and the bulk of it after anthesis. The maximum CGR was observed during pod filling stage in all the varieties due to maximum leaf area (LA) development at this stage. Two plant characters such as LA and CGR contributed to the higher TDM production. Results indicated that high yielding mungbean varieties should possess larger LA, higher TDM production ability, superior CGR at all growth stages, and high relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at vegetative stage which would result in superior yield components.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Kandungan Nutrisi Hijauan Unggul pada Tingkat Naungan yang Berbeda

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Andi Nurhayu ◽  
Andi Saenab
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Net Assimilation

ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan spesies hijauan pakan unggul yang toleran terhadap naungan agar dapat dikembangkan pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Gowa Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Balitbangtan Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan 5 spesies hijauan unggul yaitu Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato, Paspalum atratum, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria brizantha, dan Panicum maximum pada tiga tingkat naungan yaitu 0%, 50% dan 65%. Setiap spesies hijauan ditanam di bawah naungan berukuran 2 x 1,5 m2 dengan tiga ulangan dalam rancangan petak terbagi. Peubah yang diukur yaitu laju pertumbuhan relatif, luas daun spesifik, laju asimilasi bersih, produksi kumulatif, dan kandungan nutrisi (protein, NDF dan ADF). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato dan Panicum maximum memiliki laju pertumbuhan relatif yang lebih tinggi pada berbagai tingkat naungan dan nilai laju asimilasi bersih tinggi meskipun ternaungi hingga 65%, namun nilai rata-rata luas daun spesifik (LDS) paling rendah dibanding hijauan lainnya. Simpulan spesies Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato merupakan hijauan unggul yang paling toleran terhadap naungan dibanding keempat spesies hijauan lainnya.  (Growth, production, and content of superior forage nutrients at different shade levels) ABSTRACT The research aimed to obtain superior` forage species that are tolerant to shade so they can be developed on oil palm plantations. The research was carried out in the Gowa experimental garden of the Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPPT) South Sulawesi. This study used 5 superior forage species namely Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato, Paspalum atratum, Setaria sphacelata, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum and three shading levels of 0%, 50% and 65%. Each forage species is planted in a 2 x 1.5 m2 shade with three replications in a divided plot design. The variables measured are relative growth rates, specific leaf area, net assimilation rate, cumulative production, and nutrient content (protein, NDF and ADF). The results obtained showed that Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato and Panicum maximum have a higher relative growth rate at various shade levels and the value of the net assimilation rate is high even though it is shaded by 65%, but the average specific leaf area value is the lowest compared to other forages. The conclusion is Brachiaria hybrid species. Mulato is a superior forage that is most tolerant to shade compared to the other four forage species.

The growth of maize

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryTotal dry-matter yield of maize silage rose asymptotically as density was increased up to 17 plants/m2. Over the range 11–17 plants/m2, which is generally higher than is used in the U.K., the increase in yield was 1–1·6 t dry matter/ha which can justify the higher seed cost and although there was no adverse affect on time of maturity the risk of lodging increased at the highest density. During the harvest period whilst whole crop dry-matter percentage was rising from 23 to 28%, the ear dry-matter content rose steadily from 29 to 35%, whereas the leaf and stem dry-matter content remained essentially constant and only dried out at a later stage after a frost.Caldera 535 had a higher leaf area index and net assimilation rate than the earlier variety Julia which it outyielded by 15%. The additional yield was mainly stem tissue and the greater vegetative production caused an 11-day delay in reaching the silage stage of maturity (25% crop D.M.). NO differences occurred between density treatments and varieties in the forage quality components considered, namely percentage drymatter digestibility, modified acid-detergent fibre, crude protein and ash. Thus in U.K. conditions, total dry-matter yield exerts an overriding influence on the yields per unit area of these quality constituents. This contrasts with reports from the U.S.A. in which a reduced grain/stover ratio adversely influences silage quality.Removal of the whole ear (including husk and rachis) at an early stage in ear development resulted in a 50% reduction in the final dry-matter yield. In the earless plants, leaf area and net assimilation rate was lower, but the dry-matter content of the leaves and stem was considerably higher, and a marked purple coloration developed indicative of excess starch concentration. These results emphasize the need in maize silage not only for an adequate leaf canopy, best obtained early in the growing season by using high planting density and subsequently by using late maturing varieties, but also for sufficient sink capacity in the ear as well as in the stem fraction.

Banana plant growth. 2. Dry matter production, leaf area and growth analysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Plant Crop

The quantitative aspects of banana plant growth (omitting roots) at Alstonville, New South Wales, are described. Dry matter distribution, leaf area index (L), net assimilation rate (E), leaf area ratio (F) and relative growth rates (R), were measured. For a spring planting, only 1695 kg ha-l dry matter were produced in the first twelve months but 6780 kg were produced in the first half of the second year as the bunch and first ratoon crop developed. The plant crop was characterized by early leaf growth (high F) whereas in the ratoon crops, corm growth was a feature of early growth stages. Leaf area index was less than 1 for the first twelve months but reached 5 after 18 months. Plants were 3.1 m X 1.9 m apart. Net assimilation rate was affected by internal and external factors. The main internal control was the growth of suckers, which tended to increase E. Removal of the suckers in autumn or winter caused a sudden drop i i ~ E and absolute growth rate but when they were removed in early summer E was increased. The external controls affecting E were solar radiation, temperature and soil moisture, although the amount of variation explained in correlations was low. - R appeared to be constant in the plant crop within morphologically defined growth stages. This was not so in moon crops and R was probably a resultant of ontogenetic and climatic drifts. Desuckering in autumn and winter decreased R. Early summer desuckering increased R.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document