scholarly journals Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus in commercial anthurium crops and genotypes evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy de S Miura ◽  
Luís OS Beriam ◽  
Eliana B Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Anthurium Andraeanum

In Brazil, Anthurium andraeanum (flamingo flower) stands out as an important species for cut leaves and flowers productions, as well as potted cultivation. Due to the fact that ornamental plants play an important part in the tropical agriculture diversification, there is great interest to know the problems that affect anthurium cultivation in order to improve its productive potential. The aims of this study were identify the causal agent of intense mosaic and leaf deformation observed in anthurium commercial crops from four cities of the São Paulo state, Brazil; to assess the extent of the virus occurrence in these cities and the methods for its detection, as well as to analyse the anthurium genotypes reactions in relation to the virus. Anthuriums were sampled from the following cities: Mogi das Cruzes, Pariquera-Açu, Iguape and Registro. Leaves and spathes from symptomatic plants were used in mechanical transmission assays. The virus was transmitted only when spathes were used to prepare the inocula, and it induced Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-like symptoms in the indicator hosts. PTA-ELISA and RT-PCR were performed to identify the virus species, since CMV was detected in all agricultural areas sampled. Anthuriums from IAC varieties, 'Jureia', 'Garoa', 'Eidibel' and 'Astral' and from 'Caipira' and 'Branco' cultivars were inoculated with CMV and all of them were susceptible to the virus. Some of the symptoms observed in CMV infected anthuriums although similar to those induced by Dasheen mosaic virus, are more severe for inducing leaf deformation and intensive mosaic. Both viruses are worldwide spread and transmitted by aphid in a non-persistent manner. Although CMV has a wide host range, it was not found in the literature the presence of anthurium as a host to the virus. The eradication of weed plants, mainly Commelina and Tradescantia that are CMV natural hosts, the elimination of the symptomatic anthuriums and control of the aphid population should also be done in the anthurium crop, since anthurium genotypes with resistance for CMV are not available.

scholarly journals First Report of a Tobamovirus in Dieffenbachia and Impatiens

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Rivas ◽  
E. F. Pezani ◽  
M. A. V. Alexandre ◽  
L. M. L. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Antisense Primer ◽  
Impatiens Hawkeri

Tobamoviruses were detected in two ornamental plants, Dieffenbachia picta (Araceae) and Impatiens hawkeri (Balsaminaceae), from different counties in São Paulo State, Brazil. Symptoms were chlorotic spots and rings in D. picta and mosaic, blistering, and leaf deformation in I. hawkeri. Mechanical transmission from both species induced different kinds and intensities of symptoms in the same experimental hosts (Balsaminaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Solanaceae), except Gomphrena globosa, which was infected only by the isolate from D. picta. The viruses did not infect Cucurbitaceae and Fabaceae. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed with extracts from infected Nicotiana tabacum ‘White Burley’ and antisera against Cucumber green mottle, mosaic, Frangipani mosaic, Odontoglossum ringspot, Ribgrass mosaic, Tobacco mosaic (TMV), Tomato mosaic, Turnip vein clearing, and Youcai mosaic viruses (genus To-bamovirus) was positive only for TMV. Furthermore, the viruses isolated from D. picta and I. hawkeri cross-reacted with their heterologous antisera. Two sense primers for regions ≍200 and 90 nt upstream of the start codon and an antisense primer ≍60 nt downstream of the terminal codon of the coat protein (CP) gene were designed for two amplification assays. Migrating fragments the same size as the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction products from the TMV type strain (479 and 800 bp with internal and external primers, respectively) were produced. The CP gene sequence will allow comparison and identification of the two viruses isolated from D. picta and I. hawkeri.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroup IA Isolate Infecting Yucca aloifolia in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1284-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Parrella ◽  
B. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Products

Yucca aloifolia L. (Spanish bayonet), family Asparagaceae, is the type species of the genus Yucca. It is native to Mexico and the West Indies and is appreciated worldwide as an ornamental plant. In 2013, during a survey for viruses in ornamental plants in the Campania region of southern Italy, symptoms consisting of bright chlorotic spots and ring spots 1 to 3 mm in diameter with some necrotic streaks were observed on leaves of two plants of Y. aloifolia growing in a nursery located in the Pignataro Maggiore municipality, Caserta Province. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection was suspected because the symptoms resembled those caused by CMV in Yucca flaccida (1). A range of herbal plant indicators was inoculated with sap extracts of symptomatic Y. aloifolia plants and developed symptoms indicative of CMV. Furthermore, 30 nm isometric virus particles were observed in the same Y. aloifolia sap extracts by transmission electron microscopy. The identity of the virus was confirmed by positive reaction in ELISA tests with CMV polyclonal antisera (Bioreba) conducted on sap extracts of symptomatic Y. aloifolia plants and systemically infected symptomatic hosts (i.e., Nicotiana tabacum, N. glutinosa, Cucumber sativus cv. Marketer, Solanum lycopersicum cv. San Marzano). The presence of CMV in the two naturally infected Y. aloifolia and other mechanically inoculated plants was further verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Total RNAs were extracted with the E.Z.N.A. Plant RNA Kit (Omega Bio-Tek), according to the manufacturer's instructions. RT-PCR was carried out with the ImProm-II Reverse Transcription System first-strand synthesis reaction (Promega) using the primer pair CMV1 and CMV2 (2). These primers amplify part of the CP gene and part of the 3′-noncoding region of CMV RNA3 and were designed to produce amplicons of different sizes to distinguish CMV isolates belonging to subgroups I or II (3). RT-PCR products were obtained from both naturally infected Y. aloifolia and mechanically inoculated plants as well as from PAE1 isolate of CMV (2), used as positive control, but not from healthy plants. Based on the length of the amplicons obtained (487 bp), the CMV isolate from Y. aloifolia (named YAL) belonged to subgroup I (3). The amplified RT-PCR products were purified with QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen), cloned in the pGEMT vector (Promega), and three independent clones were sequenced at MWG (Ebersberg, Germany). Sequences obtained from the two CMV-infected Y. aloifolia plants were identical. This sequence was deposited at GenBank (Accession No. HG965199). Multiple alignments of the YAL sequence with sequences of other CMV isolates using MEGA5 software revealed highest percentage of identity (98.9%) with the isolates Z (AB369269) and SO (AF103992) from Korea and Japan, respectively. Moreover, the YAL isolate was identified as belonging to subgroup IA, based on the presence of only one HpaII restriction site in the 487-bp sequence, as previously proposed (2). Although CMV seems to not be a major threat currently for the production of Y. aloifolia, because the farming of this plant is performed using vegetative propagation, particular attention should be given to the presence of the virus in donor mother plants in order to avoid the dispersion of infected plants that could serve as sources for aphid transmission to other susceptible plant species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection of Y. aloifolia in the world. References: (1) I. Bouwen et al. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 84:175, 1978. (2) G. Parrella and D. Sorrentino. J. Phytopathol. 157:762, 2009. (3) Z. Singh et al. Plant Dis. 79:713, 1995.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Helleborus foetidus in France and Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1263-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cardin ◽  
J. P. Onesto ◽  
B. Moury
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
White Oak ◽  
First Report ◽  
Helleborus Foetidus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Das Elisa

Helleborus foetidus L. (bear's foot) is a perennial plant from the family Ranunculaceae that is common in chalky soils of southern and western Europe. It is grown in gardens for its palm-shaped leaves and early flowers. In 1995, yellow-to-white oak leaf and line patterns in leaves of H. foetidus plants were observed in Hunawihr (Alsace, France). The same symptoms were observed in plants in Entrevaux, Biot, and Gourdon (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France) in 2000 and 2001, in Triora (Liguria, Italy) in 2002, and on cv. Western Flisk in a nursery in Nice (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France) in 2002. Samples collected from these six locations contained six isolates that were further characterized. Sap extracted from symptomatic plants was mechanically inoculated onto Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Xanthi-nc and Samsun, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Vigna unguiculata cv. Black, and Cucumis sativus cv. Poinsett. Symptoms exhibited by the inoculated plants indicated infection by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Sap extracted from symptomatic plants reacted positively in double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA) to antibodies raised against CMV (2). Isometric particles (approximately 30 nm) were observed with an electron microscope in crude sap preparations from infected plants. Following purification of the suspect virus from infected N. tabacum (2) and treatment with formaldehyde (1), each isolate was shown to belong to group II of CMV strains (1,3) by double-immunodiffusion analysis. Following isolation from local lesions on V. unguiculata, the Hunawihr isolate was grown in cv. Xanthi-nc plants and back-inoculated to 2-year-old uninfected seedlings of H. foetidus by aphids (Myzus persicae) or mechanical transmission. Mechanical transmissions were also performed with sap extracted from cv. Xanthi-nc plants infected with the D strain, which belongs to group I of CMV strains (3). Three months postinoculation, symptoms previously described in the original plants were observed in 3 of 10 mechanically inoculated plants and in 2 of 14 aphid-inoculated plants (Hunawihr isolate), whereas no symptoms could be seen in any of the six plants inoculated with the D strain. On the basis of DAS-ELISA, 7 of 10 plants mechanically inoculated and 7 of 14 plants aphid inoculated with the Hunawihr isolate were infected with CMV, whereas 3 of the 6 plants inoculated with the D strain were infected with CMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report that H. foetidus is a natural host for CMV. Beyond the direct impact of the disease induced by CMV on H. foetidus, this perennial and widespread plant species can be an important reservoir of CMV. References: (1) J. C. Devergne and L. Cardin. Ann. Phytopathol. 7:225, 1975. (2) J. C. Devergne et al. Ann. Phytopathol. 10:233, 1978. (3) M. J. Roossinck. J. Virol. 76:3382, 2002.

Population genetics of cucumber mosaic virus infecting medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants from northern Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Davino ◽  
Stefano Panno ◽  
Ezequiel A. Rangel ◽  
Mario Davino ◽  
Maria Grazia Bellardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Northern Italy

scholarly journals Survey of virus pathogens in gladiolus, iris and tulips in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy ◽  
Radovan Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Aerial Parts

The occurrence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in gladiolus, iris, tulip and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in iris was investigated by examining the plants by the means of serological techniques (ELISA). ELISA was applied to determine the presence of BYMV, CMV, TRV infections in both aerial and underground parts of gladiolus, iris, and tulip, and IYSV on the aerial parts of iris, respectively. 262 gladiolus plants were tested. 63.7% was infected by BYMV, 29.4 % by CMV, and 2.7 % by TRV. Out of 180 plants of iris, 1.1% was infected by BYMV, 6.7% by CMV, 2.8% by TRV, and 0% by IYSV. Out of 28 plants of tulip, 28.6% was infected by CMV, and 7.1% by TRV. ELISA proved to be a suitable method for detection of viruses in leaves of these ornamental plants, but it often failed to detect viruses in flowers and corms. A high transmission of BYMV by gladiolus cormlets was also found.

Resistance Test of Several Varieties and Critical Phase for Cucumis Sativus towards Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infectio

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Pandawani ◽  
Farida Hanum ◽  
Ni Nyoman Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Critical Phase

The present study was intended to obtain resistant cucumber varieties and to know the critical phase of cucumber plant towards Cucumber Mosaic Virus infection (CMV) therefore, it could be used as a basis for controlling the mosaic disease spread of CMV-induced at cucumber plants. The research was conducted in Baturiti Village Tabanan Bali within an insect-proof greenhouse. Elisa test was performed using CMV, WMV and PRsV antiserum. The resistance test of several cucumber varieties included Roberto, Harmony, Citra baby and Manggala was conducted by mechanical transmission from CMV inoculum source sap. Testing of cucumber plant critical phase of CMV infection was done by mechanically inoculating sap from CMV infected plant, for healthy cucumber plant as testing plant i.e. inoculation at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after planting and control (plant without CMV inoculation). An observation was done for incubation period variables, disease incidence, disease severity and crop yield. The results and conclusions of the four cucumber varieties tested were not found to be CMV resistant varieties, however, the moderately sensitive Harmony varieties deserve attention for choosing in the cultivation. The cucumber plant that was CMV infected from the age at planting until 4 weeks after planting shows 100% disease incidence and plants could not produce fruits. The critical phase of cucumber plant towards CMV infection occurred from the time at planting until 4 weeks after planting.

scholarly journals Synergistic Disease in Pepper Caused by the Mixed Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus and Pepper mottle virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Murphy ◽  
Kira L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

The occurrence of more than one virus species in a single plant is not uncommon in cultivated and native plant species. A mixed virus infection may lead to greater disease severity than individual viral components and this is sometimes referred to as a synergistic disease. Although, in some cases, synergism has been demonstrated for various plant growth parameters such as plant height, weight, and yield, proof of synergy typically has not been demonstrated for symptom severity when the mixed virus infection was not lethal. We demonstrated synergy in bell pepper plants co-infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) relative to each virus alone for stem height (two of three trials) and aboveground fresh weight (one of three trials) using factorial analysis and Abbott's equation for synergy. This approach allowed affirmation of the type of response (i.e., synergistic rather than antagonistic) and statistical proof of synergy. A detailed evaluation of symptom severity for each viral treatment revealed three phases associated with host plant developmental stages. A numerical symptom severity rating scale was developed and used in each of two equations to demonstrate statistical proof for synergy based on symptom severity for co-infected plants. Virus accumulation in noninoculated leaves was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In singly infected plants, CMV titers declined in mildly symptomatic leaves representing later stages of plant development, but titers increased in similar leaves of co-infected plants. In contrast, PepMoV titers did not differ in singly or co-infected plants.

scholarly journals Solanum americanum: reservoir for Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in sweet pepper crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Monika Fecury Moura ◽  
Marcelo Soman ◽  
Tatiana Mituti ◽  
Marcelo Agenor Pavan ◽  
Renate Krause-Sakate
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Solanum Americanum

Weeds can act as important reservoirs for viruses. Solanum americanum (Black nightshade) is a common weed in Brazil and samples showing mosaic were collected from sweet pepper crops to verify the presence of viruses. One sample showed mixed infection between Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) and one sample showed simple infection by PVY. Both virus species were transmitted by plant extract and caused mosaic in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Santa Clara), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Magda), Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabaccum TNN, and local lesions on Chenopodium quinoa, C. murale and C. amaranticolor. The coat protein sequences for CMV and PVY found in S. americanum are phylogenetically more related to isolates from tomato. We conclude that S. americanum can act as a reservoir for different viruses during and between sweet pepper crop seasons.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Infecting Solanum jasminoides in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1585-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Davino ◽  
F. Di Serio ◽  
G. Polizzi ◽  
M. Tessitori
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
New Host ◽  
First Report ◽  
Natural Hosts

Solanum jasminoides Paxton (potato vine or jasmine nightshade) is a vegetatively propagated ornamental species within the Solanaceae family. Recently, symptomless plants of this species were reported as natural hosts of the quarantine pest, Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Italy (1). In January 2008, approximately 1,000 potted, 2-year-old plants of S. jasminoides growing in an ornamental nursery in Sicily showed virus-like mosaic and malformation of leaves. Symptoms were observed on approximately 60% of the plants. Leaf tissue, collected from 30 symptomatic and 10 symptomless plants, was analyzed by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA with polyclonal antisera specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus, and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany). The same samples were also analyzed by tissue-printing hybridization with a PSTVd-specific digoxigenin-labelled riboprobe. All the symptomatic samples tested positive only with antisera against CMV, but negative in all other tests. The symptomless samples were negative in all the performed tests. To confirm the association of CMV with the diseased plants, total RNA was extracted from the same samples (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit; Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CMV-specific primers MP+5′-CATGGCTTTCCAAGGTACCAG-3′ and MP-5′-CTAAAGACCGTTAACCACCTGC-3′ that amplify a 844-bp fragment from the MP gene (2). The expected fragment was amplified only from samples of symptomatic tissue. CMV was also detected in mother plants grown in the same nursery and showing same mosaic symptoms. Definitive identification of the pathogen was obtained by cloning and sequencing the RT-PCR product. The obtained sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU828783) had 99 and 98% similarity with the subgroup I-A isolates CMV-LUN (GenBank Accession No. EU432183) and CMV-Fny (GenBank Accession No. DI0538), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infecting S. jasminoides and it adds a new host to the more than 1,000 species (85 plant families) infected by this virus. The high incidence of the disease in the nursery could be due to propagation of cuttings from an infected source. References: (1) F. Di Serio. J. Plant Pathol. 89:297, 2007. (2) H. X. Lin et al. J. Virol. 78:6666, 2004.

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