Ecological aspects of the vectorial control of Chagas' disease in Brazil

The feasibility and most important ecological aspects of vectorial Chagas' disease control are discussed. The spread and maintenance of this disease involve multiple ecological and sociopolitical factors that must be taken into account when control programs are planned, executed and evaluated. In spite of its complexity, Chagas disease can be controlled using methods that target specific mechanisms of transmission, the most important being vectorial and transfusional. Major ecological problems in Chagas' disease control do not exist, even in the case of the chemical control of triatomine vectors. The main challenges for the Brazilian Control Program at this moment are: its maintenance as a political priority; the threat of peridomestic vectors; and the consolidation of permanent horizontal and participative epidemiological surveillance systems against the vector.

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Entomological surveillance of Chagas disease in Berilo municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822009000600001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Girley Francisco Machado de Assis ◽

Bernardino Vaz de Mello Azeredo ◽

David Gorla ◽

Liléia Diotaiuti ◽

Marta de Lana

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Disease Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Entomological Surveillance ◽

Panstrongylus Megistus ◽

Disease Control Program ◽

Construction Type

This study aimed to evaluate the Chagas Disease Control Program which has operated since 1982 in the municipality of Berilo in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on evaluation of 5,242 domiciliary units (DUs) and 7,807 outbuildings over an eight-year period of epidemiological surveillance implanted in 1997. A total of 391 triatomines (280 Panstrongylus megistus and 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata) were captured, indicating the continued predominance of the former species. However, Triatoma pseudomaculata is clearly becoming more important in this region, with intradomiciliary colonies being detected in recent years. Entomological parameters, such as dispersion (17%) and intradomiciliary infestation (0.15%) indices, are compatible with the results of the epidemiological surveillance. The majority of DUs were of construction type A (plaster over bricks) or C (plaster over adobe). Twenty-five percent of the inhabitants of the DUs infested by triatomines were reactive in ELISA, IHA and IIF tests for Trypanosoma cruzi antigens.

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Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/0074-02760140472 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 299-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Claudia Nieto-Sanchez ◽

Esteban G Baus ◽

Darwin Guerrero ◽

Mario J Grijalva

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Positive Deviance ◽

Disease Control Program ◽

Southern Ecuador

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Triatomine Fauna and Recent Epidemiological Dynamics of Chagas Disease in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/7020541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cláudia M. Melo ◽

Ana Carla F. G. Cruz ◽

Antônio Fernando V. A. Lima ◽

Luan R. Silva ◽

Rubens R. Madi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Disease Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

The State ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Systemic Analysis ◽

South Central ◽

Disease Control Program

Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.

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Evaluation of the Chagas Disease Control Program in Açucena Municipality, Rio Doce Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0263-2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 186-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriana dos Santos ◽

Rejane Balmant Letro ◽

Vitor Antônio Lemos do Bem ◽

Bernardino Vaz de Melo Azeredo ◽

George Luiz Lins Machado Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Disease Control Program

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Domiciliation of Triatoma pseudomaculata (Corrêa e Espínola 1964) in the Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822007000400003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 391-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Girley Francisco Machado de Assis ◽

Bernardino Vaz de Mello Azeredo ◽

Ana Laura Carbajal de la Fuente ◽

Liléia Diotaiuti ◽

Marta de Lana

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Vector Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

The Other ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Brazilian State ◽

Vector Control Program ◽

Didelphis Albiventris

Impact of the vector control program was evaluated eight years after implantation of epidemiological surveillance for Chagas’ disease in Berilo, a municipality in the Jequitinhonha Valley of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. In all 5,242 domiciliary units (96% of the total) were inspected and 10 found to be infested by the triatomine bug Triatoma pseudomaculata. Triatomines were found associated with bats inside one house and in the peridomiciles of the other nine. None of the 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata captured was infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Noireau et al16 traps were installed in (n=8) and around (n=100) the infested house but no Trypanpsoma cruzi-infected triatomines were found. None bat, opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and rat captured in the peridomicile were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi although 24% of the inhabitants of the house infested by Triatoma pseudomaculata were seropositive for the parasite, based on ELISA, IHA and IIF.

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Seroepidemiology of Chagas disease in the Chagas Disease Control Program of the São Paulo State, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652001000500013 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 256-256

Author(s):

Maria Esther de CARVALHO

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Disease Control Program ◽

São Paulo State

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Descriptive analysis of rabies in wild animals in the state of Sergipe, Brazil

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9574 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 169-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K.D. Antunes ◽

J.C.C. Matos ◽

L.P. Mol ◽

M.A. Oliveira ◽

T.L.M. Arcebispo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

The State ◽

Point Of View ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Control Programs ◽

Production Animals

ABSTRACT The wild cycle of rabies constitutes a serious challenge to epidemiological surveillance for disease control in domestic, companion or production animals, and in humans. The understanding of rabies virus circulation in the natural environment is increasingly important due to the constancy of natural reservoirs of the disease and the presence of potential vectors of the infection to humans and domestic animals. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of rabies in the State of Sergipe a total of 935 hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus), 46 wild dogs (Cerdocyon thous) and 24 primates (Callithrix spp.) were analyzed from 1987 to 2014, of which 1 bat, 17 crab-eating foxes and no primates were positive. Due to the lack of positive results in hematophagous bats, the main vector of herbivorous rabies, more studies are needed to monitor cases, because from an epidemiological point of view, Sergipe is endemic for herbivorous rabies. Epidemiological surveillance of rabies virus in wild animals is primordial for the success of disease control programs in herds of domestic animals and humans.

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Triatomine infestation and vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease in northwest and central Paraná, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2004000500012 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1191-1200 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana Lucia Falavigna-Guilherme ◽

Rosângela Santana ◽

Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli ◽

Elias Seixas Lorosa ◽

Silvana Marques de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Chagas Disease ◽

Logistic Model ◽

Control Program ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Disease Control Program ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Scrub Forest

Triatomine infestation, prevalence of T. cruzi antibodies in humans and domestic animals, and variables potentially associated with the presence of triatomines in a rural domiciliary unit (DU) were investigated in nine municipalities and one district of Paraná, Brazil, from June 1996 to February 2000. DUs were defined as all houses and annexes on a given piece of property. Blood samples from human volunteers, dogs, and cats were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence. An epidemiological form was completed for each DU. A logistic model was adopted in order to identify associations. Seven out of nine municipalities were positive for triatomines. T. infestans was not captured, but T. sordida, P. megistus, and R. neglectus were. Different variables were considered decisive for the presence of triatomines across the municipalities: proximity to residual wooded areas, i.e. either scrub forest (capoeira) or islands of residual forest (slightly dense vegetation), longer time of residence, existence of inhabited houses, and past DU infestation. In order to ensure proper continuation of the recommended Chagas disease control program, entomo-epidemiological surveillance measures need to be maintained.

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