scholarly journals Triatomine Fauna and Recent Epidemiological Dynamics of Chagas Disease in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Melo ◽  
Ana Carla F. G. Cruz ◽  
Antônio Fernando V. A. Lima ◽  
Luan R. Silva ◽  
Rubens R. Madi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
South Central ◽  
Disease Control Program

Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.

scholarly journals Entomological surveillance of Chagas disease in Berilo municipality, Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girley Francisco Machado de Assis ◽  
Bernardino Vaz de Mello Azeredo ◽  
David Gorla ◽  
Liléia Diotaiuti ◽  
Marta de Lana
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Panstrongylus Megistus ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Construction Type

This study aimed to evaluate the Chagas Disease Control Program which has operated since 1982 in the municipality of Berilo in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on evaluation of 5,242 domiciliary units (DUs) and 7,807 outbuildings over an eight-year period of epidemiological surveillance implanted in 1997. A total of 391 triatomines (280 Panstrongylus megistus and 111 Triatoma pseudomaculata) were captured, indicating the continued predominance of the former species. However, Triatoma pseudomaculata is clearly becoming more important in this region, with intradomiciliary colonies being detected in recent years. Entomological parameters, such as dispersion (17%) and intradomiciliary infestation (0.15%) indices, are compatible with the results of the epidemiological surveillance. The majority of DUs were of construction type A (plaster over bricks) or C (plaster over adobe). Twenty-five percent of the inhabitants of the DUs infested by triatomines were reactive in ELISA, IHA and IIF tests for Trypanosoma cruzi antigens.

scholarly journals Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nieto-Sanchez ◽  
Esteban G Baus ◽  
Darwin Guerrero ◽  
Mario J Grijalva
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Southern Ecuador

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Chagas Disease Control Program in Açucena Municipality, Rio Doce Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana dos Santos ◽  
Rejane Balmant Letro ◽  
Vitor Antônio Lemos do Bem ◽  
Bernardino Vaz de Melo Azeredo ◽  
George Luiz Lins Machado Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Disease Control Program

scholarly journals Mixed infections by different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units among Chagas disease patients in an endemic community in Panama

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241921
Author(s):  
Alexa Prescilla Ledezma ◽  
Roberto Blandon ◽  
Alejandro G. Schijman ◽  
Alejandro Benatar ◽  
Azael Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background Trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoparasite that causes Chagas disease, is divided into six Discrete Typing Units or DTUs: TcI-TcVI plus Tcbat. This genetic diversity is based on ecobiological and clinical characteristics associated with particular populations of the parasite. The main objective of this study was the identification of DTUs in patients with chronic chagasic infections from a mountainous rural community in the eastern region of Panama. Methods A total of 106 patients were tested for Chagas disease with three serological tests (ELISA, rapid test, and Western blot). Molecular diagnosis and DTU typing were carried out by conventional PCRs and qPCR targeting different genomic markers, respectively. As a control sample for the typing, 28 patients suspected to be chagasic from the metropolitan area of Panama City were included. Results Results showed a positivity in the evaluated patients of 42.3% (33/78); high compared to other endemic regions in the country. In the control group, 20/28 (71.43%) patients presented positive serology. The typing of samples from rural patients showed that 78.78% (26/33) corresponded to TcI, while 9.09% (3/33) were mixed infections (TcI plus TcII/V/VI). Seventy-five percent (15/20) of the patients in the control group presented TcI, and in five samples it was not possible to typify the T. cruzi genotype involved. Conclusions These results confirm that TcI is the main DTU of T. cruzi present in chronic chagasic patients from Panama. However, the circulation of other genotypes (TcII/V/VI) in this country is described for the first time. The eco-epidemiological characteristics that condition the circulation of TcII/V/VI, as well as the immune and clinical impact of mixed infections in this remote mountainous region should be investigated, which will help local action programs in the surveillance, prevention, and management of Chagas disease.

Implementation of a pedodontic disease control program

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Pinkham ◽  
G Ori ◽  
SH Wei ◽  
CA Full ◽  
FM Parkins
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Disease Control Program

scholarly journals The initial success of the Chagas' Disease Control Program: factors contributing to Triatomine infestation

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent Fleming-Moran
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Disease Control Program ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
House Infestation ◽  
Regional Comparisons

While the control of the major Chagas' disease vector Triatoma infestans has been achieved in many endemic areas of Brazil, data from the inception of the control program in the Triângulo Mineiro (1976-79) suggest that re-infestation by triatomines occurs under certain favorable conditions. The percentage of houses infested in 500 communities of the Triângulo Mineiro region is compared for two years: 1976 and 1979, using linear regression models. Controlling for three major triatomine vectors, household crowding, house demolition and construction, and infested out-buildings are all independent covariates of house infestation in these communities. While several household factors have been suggested as correlates of infestation, the control program focuses on community-level reductions in infestation, but intra-community or regional comparisons have heretofore been unfeasible. Computerized data are becoming available to identify communities at high risk for re-infestation, and for targeting control-program activities.

scholarly journals Mother-child transmission of Chagas disease: could coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus increase the risk?

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gustavo Scapellato ◽  
Edgardo Gabriel Bottaro ◽  
María Teresa Rodríguez-Brieschke
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

A study was conducted on all newborns from mothers with Chagas disease who were attended at Hospital Donación F. Santojanni between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2007. Each child was investigated for the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia through direct examination of blood under the microscope using the buffy coat method on three occasions during the first six months of life. Serological tests were then performed. Ninety-four children born to mothers infected with Trypanosoma cruzi were attended over the study period. Three of these children were born to mothers coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Vertical transmission of Chagas disease was diagnosed in 13 children, in all cases by identifying parasitemia. The overall Chagas disease transmission rate was 13.8% (13/94). It was 100% (3/3) among the children born to mothers with HIV infection and 10.9% (10/91) among children born to mothers without HIV [Difference = 0.89; CI95 = 0.82-0.95; p = 0.0021]. We concluded that coinfection with HIV could increase the risk of vertical transmission of Chagas disease.

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