scholarly journals Studies on the feeding habits of Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia (Diptera, Psychodidae), vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1816-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Martins dos Santos Afonso ◽  
Almério Castro Gomes ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Valente Meneses ◽  
Elizabeth Ferreira Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Janeiro State

The precipitin test was applied to identify the blood meal sources of Lutzomyia intermedia, collected in two distinct habitats: inside houses and in the peridomicile, in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, a transmission area of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis. The following antisera were tested: human, avian, equine, rodent, and opossum. From a total of 370 females analyzed, 128 specimens from the domicile and 59 from the peridomicile reacted with specific antisera. The anthropophily of L. intermedia was confirmed in both habitats; likewise, the feeding of this sand fly species on domestic animals, observed in previous entomological surveys, was confirmed by the strong reactivity with avian, canine, and equine antisera. However, feeding on rodents, mammals frequently found inside and around houses, represents further evidence related to the vector competence of L. intermedia, since synanthropic and sylvatic rodents have been considered a putative reservoir of L. (V.) braziliensis.

scholarly journals Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis associated with domestic animals in Venezuela and Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Elizabeth F. Rangel ◽  
Leonardo Garcia ◽  
Elio Fernandez ◽  
Hooman Momen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

After outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Solano State, Venezuela, 5% of the population had parasitized ulcers while after similar outbreaks in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 9% had the disease. In these foci children, including some under six years of age, wre affected. There was no significant difference in the occurence of the disease according to sex or type of employment. In Solano, 3% of dogs and 28% of donkeys had parasitized lesions, while in Mesquita these indices were 19.8% and 30.8% respectively. The parasite from man, dogs and equines was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, by zymodeme and serodeme characterization. In these foci there is evidence suggesting that leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, possibly with equine and dogs as reservoirs, although both a wild enzootic cycle and the role of man as a source of infection can not be ruled out. Transmission is assumed to occur peridomestically by sandfly vectors such as Lutzomyia panamensis in Venezuela and Lutzomyia intermedia in Brazil. Information about the origin of these foci suggests that infected equines may be an important factor in the dissemination of the parasite in a peridomestic situation where these sandflies are abundant.

scholarly journals Data on sand fly fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete M. S. Afonso ◽  
Wagner A. Costa ◽  
Alfredo C. R. Azevedo ◽  
Simone M. da Costa ◽  
Maurício L. Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Janeiro State

The sand fly fauna in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was investigated in different habitats ranging from sylvatic areas to those altered by human activity related to ecotourism, specifically identifying species that have been suggested as potential leishmaniasis vectors. Sand flies were captured from June 2002 to March 2004, using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. A total of 1,256 sand fly specimens were captured, from species belonging to genera Lutzomyia and Brumptomyia: Brumptomyia guimaraesi, B. troglodytes, Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) amarali, L. lanei, L. migonei, L. sallesi, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. (Pintomyia) pessoai, L. (P.) bianchigalatie, L. rupicola, L. (Psathyromyia) shannoni, L. pascalei, L. (Psychodopygus) matosi, L. (P.) davisi, L. (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, L. (P.) ayrozai, L. peresi, L. monticola, and L. misionensis. Worthy of special attention were four species that are considered potential vectors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: L. ayrozai, L. hirsuta hirsuta, L. migonei, and L. davisi, representing 19.19% of the specimens captured in this study.

scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel DEMBA KODINDO ◽  
Demba Kodindo Israël ◽  
Cheick Amadou Coulibaly ◽  
Ibrahim Moussa Sissoko ◽  
Bourama Traoré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Health Districts

Abstract Introduction: Leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies is an important vector-borne disease. In Chad, information on sandflies is outdated, and so this study was designed to update the sandfly fauna. Methods: Sandflies were collected in five health districts representing two geoclimatic zones using sticky traps and pyrethrum sprays in indoor and peridomestic habitats between September 2019 and December 2020. All collected sandfly specimens were identified based on species-level morphological characters. Results: A total of 2,015 specimens belonging to 13 species of sandflies (one Phlebotomus and twelve Sergentomyia) were collected and identified. The vector of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus duboscqi, represents 0.65% of all collected sandflies and is the only representative of the Phlebotomus genus to be collected predominantly inside human dwellings. Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis previously collected in Chad in 1976 was not found in this study. Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia antennata and Sergentomyia africana were the most abundant species collected with 44.71%; 22.73%; 16.03% and 11.17%, respectively. Sergentomyia schwetzi and Sergentomyia dubia, the two species involved in the transmission of canine leishmaniasis, were found in five and four study sites respectively. Conclusion: According to our results, the sandfly fauna of the two geoclimatic zones of Chad is comprised of 13 species. Our data showed that, unlike P. orientalis which was not found, P. duboscqi is present in four of the five sites surveyed. Therefore, these areas are at risk and remain potential foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the need for further studies such as vector species detection, their seasonal fluctuations and their vector competence.

scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demba Kodindo Israël ◽  
Cheick Amadou Coulibaly ◽  
Ibrahim Moussa Sissoko ◽  
Bourama Traoré ◽  
André B. B. Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Health Districts

Leishmaniasis transmitted by sandflies is an important vector-borne disease. In Chad, information on sandflies is outdated, and so this study was designed to update the sandfly fauna. Sandflies were collected in five health districts representing two geoclimatic zones using sticky traps and pyrethrum sprays in indoor and peridomestic habitats between September 2019 and December 2020. All collected sandfly specimens were identified based on species-level morphological characters. A total of 2,015 specimens belonging to 13 species of sandflies (one Phlebotomus and twelve Sergentomyia) were collected and identified. The vector of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus duboscqi, represents 0.65% of all collected sandflies and is the only representative of the Phlebotomus genus to be collected predominantly inside human dwellings. Phlebotomus orientalis, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis previously collected in Chad in 1976 was not found in this study. Sergentomyia clydei, Sergentomyia schwetzi, Sergentomyia antennata and Sergentomyia africana were the most abundant species collected with 44.71%; 22.73%; 16.03% and 11.17%, respectively. Sergentomyia schwetzi and Sergentomyia dubia, the two species involved in the transmission of canine leishmaniasis, were found in five and four study sites respectively. According to our results, the sandfly fauna of the two geoclimatic zones of Chad is comprised of 13 species. Our data showed that, unlike P. orientalis which was not found, P. duboscqi is present in four of the five sites surveyed. Therefore, these areas are at risk and remain potential foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the need for further studies such as vector species detection, their seasonal fluctuations and their vector competence.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of the blood meal source of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transmission area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Paraná State, Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Baum ◽  
Edilene Alcântara de Castro ◽  
Mara Cristina Pinto ◽  
Thais Marchi Goulart ◽  
Walter Baura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Transmission Area

scholarly journals A sand fly salivary protein vaccine shows efficacy against vector-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis in nonhuman primates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (290) ◽  
pp. 290ra90-290ra90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Oliveira ◽  
Edgar Rowton ◽  
Hamide Aslan ◽  
Regis Gomes ◽  
Philip A. Castrovinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Protein Vaccine ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Phlebotomus Duboscqi

Currently, there are no commercially available human vaccines against leishmaniasis. In rodents, cellular immunity to salivary proteins of sand fly vectors is associated to protection against leishmaniasis, making them worthy targets for further exploration as vaccines. We demonstrate that nonhuman primates (NHP) exposed to Phlebotomus duboscqi uninfected sand fly bites or immunized with salivary protein PdSP15 are protected against cutaneous leishmaniasis initiated by infected bites. Uninfected sand fly–exposed and 7 of 10 PdSP15-immunized rhesus macaques displayed a significant reduction in disease and parasite burden compared to controls. Protection correlated to the early appearance of Leishmania-specific CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes, suggesting that immunity to saliva or PdSP15 augments the host immune response to the parasites while maintaining minimal pathology. Notably, the 30% unprotected PdSP15-immunized NHP developed neither immunity to PdSP15 nor an accelerated Leishmania-specific immunity. Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals naturally exposed to P. duboscqi bites recognized PdSP15, demonstrating its immunogenicity in humans. PdSP15 sequence and structure show no homology to mammalian proteins, further demonstrating its potential as a component of a vaccine for human leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis transmission area in northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2969-2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thieres Marassati das Virgens ◽  
Claudiney Biral dos Santos ◽  
Israel de Souza Pinto ◽  
Kleber Silveira da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Espirito Santo

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic to the Espírito Santo State, Brazil, where it is widely distributed. The composition of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna in an American tegumentary leishmaniasis focus was determined by monthly sampling, using Shannon light traps in an Atlantic Forest reserve and adjacent habitat that had been modified by human activity. Seasonal fluctuations in numbers of the most abundant species were also monitored from June 2004 to May 2006. Of the 6,176 specimens collected, 47.4% were captured in the forest and 52.6% in the disturbed habitat. Although Lutzomyia davisi (60.8%) predominated in specimens from the forest, those captured near human dwellings consisted almost entirely of Lu. choti (72%) and Lu. intermedia (24.3%). All three species occurred throughout the year. Based on our findings, Lu. intermedia probably acts as the principal domestic Leishmania vector in the study area.

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