scholarly journals Genetics of naked grain oats in crosses with Brazilian genotypes

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cândida Braga Cabral ◽  
Sandra Cristina Kothe Milach ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi ◽  
Cristhiane Abegg Bothona ◽  
Ivone Taderka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection For

Six crosses between three naked oat (Avena sativa L.) germplasm sources from the USA and Australia and three Brazilian hulled genotypes were studied for the segregation of naked grain and multiflorous spikelet traits in the F2 and F3 generations. One major gene with incomplete dominance and expressivity for both traits was identified in all populations. The occurrence of intermediate types for naked grain varied with the population and did not depend on the germplasm source of naked grain used. The frequency of intermediate types varied among F2 populations indicating that selection for higher expressivity of naked grain could be used to develop Brazilian oat lines with naked grain.

scholarly journals Impact of strong selection for the PrP major gene on genetic variability of four French sheep breeds (Open Access publication)

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Isabelle Palhiere ◽  
Mickaël Brochard ◽  
Katayoun Moazami-Goudarzi ◽  
Denis Laloë ◽  
Yves Amigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Open Access Publication ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals The composition and nutritive value of naked oat grain (Avena sativa var. nuda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Petkov ◽  
W. Biel ◽  
A. Kowieska ◽  
I. Jaskowska
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Naked Oat

scholarly journals Studies on The Scutellar Bristles of Drosophila Melanogaster I. Basic Variability, Some Temperature and Culture Effects, and Responses to Short-Term Selection in the Oregon-Rc Strain

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Culture Effects

The results of short runs of disruptive and high selection for scutellar bristles in wild-type Drosophila are explained in terms of the hypothesis that canalization at four bristles is due to regulation of the major gene in the developmental system (Rendel, Sheldon, and Finlay 1965). Selection response has probably been due to selection for modifier (minor) genes rather than for isoalleles of the major gene or weak regulator alleles. Some environmental effects on the character, short runs of selection for low bristle number or different bristle types, and effects of relaxing selection are also reported.

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR A THRESHOLD CHARACTER IN DROSOPHILA IV. CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSES OF PLATEAUED POPULATIONS

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-512
Author(s):  
B D H Latter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosomal Recombination

ABSTRACT Chromosome substitution and intra-chromosomal recombination techniques have been employed to determine the genetic basis of limits to selection in lines selected for high scutellar bristle number from the Canberra population. Three observations indicate the presence of an upper threshold affecting some component traits, which is not readily discernible at the level of the selected phenotype: (1) The variance of the number of anterior + interstitial + posterior bristles is progressively reduced as the mean approaches a total of eight at these sites. Total bristle number, which includes apicals in addition to the above three components, and which was the trait subject to selection, shows little evidence of this phenomenon; (2) the effect of a given chromosome substitution is also greatly reduced as the mean approaches eight anterior + interstitial + posterior bristles, by comparison with its effect in genotypes of lower mean; (3) chromosome substitutions show some evidence of negative interaction as this level is approached, in contrast to the positive interactions evident at higher means. All chromosomes except IV are involved in progress beyond the proposed upper threshold. However, chromosome III has the most important effect, due primarily to a major gene located at approximately 61 cM, which also markedly increases dorsocentral and postvertical bristle numbers.

scholarly journals A comparison of husked and naked oats under Irish conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Kernel Yield

AbstractDuring the harvesting of husked oats (Avena sativa L.), the kernel remains tightly enclosed by a lignified lemma and palea, collectively termed the husk or hull. In naked oats, which are the same species as husked oats, the lemma is much less lignified and the kernel threshes free during harvesting. The absence of the largely indigestible husk increases the nutritive value of naked oats compared to that of husked oats, particularly for non-ruminants and poultry. There is little information regarding the potential of naked oats as an arable crop in Ireland. The objective of this study was to determine the productivity of naked oats under Irish conditions. Field experiments were carried out in the south east of Ireland to compare the grain yield and grain quality of both autumn-sown and spring-sown naked and husked oat cultivars. Grain yield of naked oat cultivars was significantly lower than that of husked oat cultivars, irrespective of whether they were autumn sown or spring sown. However, when the kernel yield of husked oat cultivars was estimated, differences in yield between the two types were much smaller, and in some cases, kernel yield of naked oat cultivars exceeded that of husked oat cultivars. Grain quality, as indicated by hectolitre weight and grain N concentration, was generally greater for naked oat cultivars than for husked oat cultivars. It is concluded that under Irish conditions, naked oats have the potential to produce kernel yields equivalent to husked oats. The grain produced is of high quality and may be particularly suited for the nutrition of non-ruminants.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic characterization of partial resistance to crown rust in Avena sativa L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Zambonato ◽  
Luiz Carlos Federizzi ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Pacheco ◽  
Marcio Pais de Arruda ◽  
Jose Antonio Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phenotypic And Genetic Characterization

Crown rust is a major oat disease. Partial resistance is a promising option for disease control for being potentially more durable than complete resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the inheritance of partial resistance to crown rust in oat populations that were derived from a cross between cultivar URS 21 (partially resistant) and URS 22 (susceptible). In 2010, the six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were sown in the field, and resistance to crown rust was assessed using the area under the disease progress curve, normalized and corrected for each individual plant. The inheritance of the trait partial resistance was oligogenic, indicating the presence of genes with both major and minor phenotypic effects. Additive and dominance effects were important to determine the partial resistance and the heritability estimates were high, indicating the possibility of selection for resistance in early generations.

scholarly journals Breeding Barley for Multiple Disease Resistance in the Upper MidwestRegion of the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Steffenson ◽  
K.P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance ◽  
The Usa

The Upper Midwest is one of the largest barley production areas in the USA. In this region, diseases can markedly reduce both the yield and quality of the crop. Molecular and classical breeding techniques are being employed to develop cultivars with resistance to five different diseases in the Minnesota barley improvement program. Stem rust and spot blotch have been successfully controlled for many years through the deployment of the major gene Rpg1 and a major effect QTL, respectively. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker developed from the sequence of Rpg1 has made marker-assisted selection (MAS) for stem rust resistance highly effective. The major QTL controlling durable adult plant spot blotch resistance was first identified in the Steptoe/Morex population. This QTL was completely suppressed in the Harrington/Morex and Dicktoo/Morex populations, highlighting the importance of genetic background for the expression of resistance. The onset of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in 1993 led to dramatic changes in the focus of the breeding program. Significant resources have been expended to develop populations for mapping resistance QTL and identify closely linked markers for MAS. This is a difficult challenge because FHB resistance is controlled by many QTL with small effects. Sources of resistance to net blotch and Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) have been identified in a number of barley accessions. These resistances are simply inherited and are being introgressed into elite lines via phenotypic and MAS. Continued progress toward multiple disease resistance will require efficient phenotypic screening, MAS, and utilization of discoveries in barley genomics to manage numerous resistance genes and desirable gene complexes assembled over decades of breeding.  

Naked oat response to soil type and herbicides applied at two growing stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
N Lanoïe ◽  
A Vanasse ◽  
J Collin ◽  
J Frégeau-Reid ◽  
D Pageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Naked oat (Avena sativa L.) harvested in the province of Quebec, Canada, develops on average 10% covered grains and sometimes more. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil type, herbicides and their application stages on the proportion of covered grains in naked oat genotypes. Three genotypes were evaluated over 2 yr at two experimental sites. At each site, trials were seeded on two different soil types and each entry was treated with one of three types of herbicides: bromoxynil/MCPA, dicamba/MCPA and thifensulfuron methyl/tribenuron methyl, and compared with a weed-free check. The herbicides were applied at Zadoks 12-13 and 22-23. Results showed that dicamba/MCPA herbicide, applied at Zadoks 12-13, increased covered grains compared with the weed-free check and more covered grains were produced with the application made at Zadoks 22-23. However, differences in genotype reactions were observed. Few differences were found among the other weed control treatments. The application of dicamba/MCPA at Zadoks 22-23 decreased yield and test weight, but increased kernel weight. The other weed control treatments had no effect on agronomic characteristics.Key words: Avena sativa, herbicide, dicamba/MCPA, soil type, covered grains

GENETIC STUDIES ON WALKING BEHAVIOR IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER I. SELECTION AND HYBRIDIZATION ANALYSIS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Kil Choo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Hybridization Analysis ◽  
Slow Response ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Selection For

Rapid vs. slow types of walking behavior in Drosophila melanogaster were tested in response to light in a connected test-tube apparatus. The effect of selection for both types of behavior was clearly recognized after only a few generations. The heritability of the two traits of walking behavior was remarkably different; the former was estimated to be about 7%, the latter 26%. Walking behavior is possibly controlled by a major gene with the behaviour manifesting slow response to light being dominant to that manifesting rapid walking behavior.

scholarly journals Quantitative trait loci controlling kernel discoloration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Li ◽  
R. C. M. Lance ◽  
H. M. Collins ◽  
A. Tarr ◽  
S. Roumeliotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Major Qtls ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Kernel Discoloration

Barley kernel discoloration (KD) leads to substantial annual loss in value through downgrading and discounting of malting barley. KD is a difficult trait to introgress into elite varieties as it is controlled by multiple genes and strongly influenced by environment and maturity. As the first step towards marker assisted selection for KD tolerance, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling KD measured by grain brightness [Minolta L; (Min L)], redness (Min a), and yellowness (Min b) in 7 barley populations. One to 3 QTLs were detected for grain brightness in various populations, and one QTL could account for 5–31% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL located around the centromere region of chromosome 2H was consistently detected in 6 of the 7 populations, explaining up to 28% of the phenotypic variation. In addition, QTLs for grain brightness were most frequently identified on chromosomes 3H and 7H in various populations. Australian varieties Galleon, Chebec, and Sloop contribute an allele to increase grain brightness on chromosome 7H in 3 different populations. A major gene effect was detected for grain redness. One QTL on chromosome 4H explained 54% of the phenotypic variation in the Sloop/Halcyon population, and was associated with the blue aleurone trait. A second QTL was detected on the long arm of chromosome 2H in 3 populations, accounting for 23–47% of the phenotypic variation. The major QTLs for grain yellowness were mapped on chromosomes 2H and 5H. There were strong associations between the QTLs for heading date, grain brightness, and yellowness. The molecular markers linked with the major QTLs should be useful for marker assisted selection for KD.

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