Naked oat response to soil type and herbicides applied at two growing stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
N Lanoïe ◽  
A Vanasse ◽  
J Collin ◽  
J Frégeau-Reid ◽  
D Pageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Naked oat (Avena sativa L.) harvested in the province of Quebec, Canada, develops on average 10% covered grains and sometimes more. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil type, herbicides and their application stages on the proportion of covered grains in naked oat genotypes. Three genotypes were evaluated over 2 yr at two experimental sites. At each site, trials were seeded on two different soil types and each entry was treated with one of three types of herbicides: bromoxynil/MCPA, dicamba/MCPA and thifensulfuron methyl/tribenuron methyl, and compared with a weed-free check. The herbicides were applied at Zadoks 12-13 and 22-23. Results showed that dicamba/MCPA herbicide, applied at Zadoks 12-13, increased covered grains compared with the weed-free check and more covered grains were produced with the application made at Zadoks 22-23. However, differences in genotype reactions were observed. Few differences were found among the other weed control treatments. The application of dicamba/MCPA at Zadoks 22-23 decreased yield and test weight, but increased kernel weight. The other weed control treatments had no effect on agronomic characteristics.Key words: Avena sativa, herbicide, dicamba/MCPA, soil type, covered grains

scholarly journals Clay-illuvial soils in the Polish and international soil classifications

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Elżbieta Musztyfaga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
History Of

AbstractSoil with a clay-illuvial subsurface horizon are the most widespread soil type in Poland and significantly differ in morphology and properties developed under variable environmental conditions. Despite the long history of investigations, the rules of classification and cartography of clay-illuvial soils have been permanently discussed and modified. The distinction of clay-illuvial soils into three soil types, introduced to the Polish soil classification in 2011, has been criticized as excessively extended, non-coherent with the other parts and rules of the classification, hard to introduce in soil cartography and poorly correlated with the international soil classifications. One type of clay-illuvial soils (“gleby płowe”) was justified and recommended to reintroduce in soil classification in Poland, as well as 10 soil subtypes listed in a hierarchical order. The subtypes may be combined if the soil has diagnostic features of more than one soil subtypes. Clear rules of soil name generalization (reduction of subtype number for one soil) were suggested for soil cartography on various scales. One of the most important among the distinguished soil sub-types are the “eroded” or “truncated” clay-illuvial soils.

Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Interference with Oat (Avena sativa)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Manthey ◽  
Gary A. Hareland ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Donna J. Huseby
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Yield And Quality

A field experiment was conducted over five years to determine the effect of season-long kochia interference on oat yield and quality. Kochia interference did not affect oat height, test weight, 500-kernel weight, or groat percentage. Similarly, ash, starch, and total β-glucan percentages in oat groat were not affected by kochia interference. Oat grain yield was reduced in 1991 and 1994 by 30 kochia plants/m2, the highest density. Lipid and protein content were not affected by kochia except in 1992 where protein content was reduced and lipid content was increased by kochia.

The cage method of sampling to assess herbage mass and herbage consumed on annual rangeland vegetation

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
BB Zahran ◽  
AM Holm ◽  
WR Stern ◽  
WA Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Stocking Rates

The cage method of sampling vegetation was used to estimate herbage mass and herbage consumed by sheep, grazing a pasture dominated by annual species, near Camawon, Western Australia. Using paired quadrats (2m x lm), one caged and the other open, herbage mass and herbage consumed were measured at five stocking rates on two soil types, on eight occasions between December 1983 and January 1985. The data were highly variable; nevertheless, some effects of season, soil type and stocking rate could be observed. The results showed clear seasonal trends. Some soil type x stocking rate interactions were detected during the dry periods of the year when herbage mass was low. Generally, the cage method tended to over-estimate herbage consuped. Sheep consumed approximately 119 to 116 of the available herbage at low and high stocking rates respectively when feed was plentiful; when feed was in short supply the corresponding figures were approximately 113 and 1/2. The limitations of the method are discussed and some suggestions made concerning its applicability in rangeland studies.

scholarly journals Pyroxasulfone with and without Sulfentrazone in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. S. Olson ◽  
Richard K. Zollinger ◽  
Curtis R. Thompson ◽  
Dallas E. Peterson ◽  
Brian Jenks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Pyroxasulfone (KIH-485) is a seedling growth-inhibiting herbicide developed by Kumiai America that has the potential to control weeds in sunflower. However, little is known about how this herbicide will interact with various soil types and environments when combined with sulfentrazone. The objective of this research was to evaluate sunflower injury and weed control with pyroxasulfone applied with and without sulfentrazone across the Great Plains sunflower production area. A multisite study was initiated in spring 2007 to evaluate sunflower response to pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 0, 167, 208, or 333 g ai ha−1. In 2008, pyroxasulfone was applied alone and in tank mixture with sulfentrazone. In 2007, no sunflower injury was observed with any rate of pyroxasulfone at any location except Highmore, SD, where sunflower injury was 17%, 4 wk after treatment (WAT) with 333 g ha−1. In 2008, sunflower injury ranged from 0 to 4% for all treatments. Adding sulfentrazone did not increase injury. Sunflower yield was only reduced in treatments in which weeds were not effectively controlled. These treatments included the untreated control and pyroxasulfone at 167 g ha−1. Sunflower yield did not differ among the other treatments of pyroxasulfone or sulfentrazone applied alone or in combination. The addition of sulfentrazone to pyroxasulfone improved control of foxtail barley, prostrate pigweed, wild buckwheat, Palmer amaranth, and marshelder, but not large crabgrass or green foxtail. The combination of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone did not reduce control of any of the weeds evaluated.

Evaluation of oat germplasm for resistance to diclofop-methyl

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Parental Lines

In field experiments at Lacombe, Alberta, four diclofop-methyl tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes introduced from Australia generally exhibited greater tolerance to postemergence applications of diclofop-methyl at 0.8 kg a.i. ha−1 than five Canadian oat genotypes. Grain yield, height, test weight and kernel weight reductions caused by the herbicide were generally less for the Australian than the Canadian genotypes. However, the level of tolerance observed in the Australian genotypes was not sufficient to justify their use as parental lines to develop diclofop-methyl resistant cultivars. Key words: Avena sativa L., Avena fatua L., oat (wild), herbicide tolerance

CORRELATIONS AMONG KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATURITY IN FIVE OAT CROSSES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-737
Author(s):  
M. L. KAUFMANN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Five kernel characteristics and maturity of 35 random lines in each of five oat (Avena sativa L.) crosses were studied in each of 2 yr. Test weight was negatively correlated with percent bosom kernels in all crosses while kernel weight showed a consistently high positive correlation with percent plump kernels. Of the correlations for 15 pairs of traits measured, 5 showed significant differences between crosses. Interseason correlations were significant in all but 4 of the 30 cases, indicating that there was significant genetic variability for most traits in most crosses. The highest interseason correlations were observed for kernel weight and percent plump kernels. Maturity and percent hull tended to have the lowest interseason correlations. No characteristic showed significant heterogeneity of interseason correlations.

scholarly journals Comparison Study between the Field Performance of a Movable Boards and Conventional Ditch Openers in Cultivated and Uncultivated Soils, Part 3: The Specific Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Shaker H. Aday ◽  
Yarub Al-muthafar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Uncultivated Soil ◽  
Soil Cd

The field performance of movable boards ditch opener (MB) and conventional ditch opener (CD) was contrasted by using a specific resistance to determine  the  optimum  performance  of  either   one   of   them.   The   comparison was conducted using three operating  depths  (30,  40  and  50cm),  three  angles  between  the  boards  of  MB  (45,  60  and  750),  one  angle  for  CD  (650)  because  its boards were fixed, three wings width  of  the  foot  of  MB  whereas,  for  CD,  one  share width  (35cm)  and  two  soil  types  (cultivated  and  uncultivated).  CD  could  not penetrate the  uncultivated  soil  more  than  25cm  so  that  there  was  one  operating  depth.  The  results  of  the  experiments  showed  that  SR  for  MB  decreased as the operating depth,  the  angle  between  the  boards  and  the  width  of the wings of the foot  in  both  soil  types  were  increased.  Specific  resistance  (SR)  for  CD  also  decreased  as  the  operating  depth  increased  in  the  cultivated  soil,    but  in  the  uncultivated  soil,  CD  could  not  penetrate  the  soil  more  than  25cm.  SR for MB was  lower  than  that  for  CD  for  all  operating  depths,  the  angle  between the boards,  the width of the wings of the foot in both soil types. SR for         MB and CD  in  the  cultivated  soil  was  low  compared  to  uncultivated  soil.  The  soil  type  decreased  SR  for  MB  more  than  the  operating  depth,  the  angle   between its boards and the width of  its  wings.  On  the  other  hand,  the  angle  between its boards reduced  SR  more  than  the  width  of  the  wings  and  the  operating depth. MB surpassed CD in giving lower SR and that means the field performance of MB was higher than that for CD.

Influence of Oat (Avena sativa) Interseeding on Weed Suppression in the Final Year of an Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Stand

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Thomas Lanini ◽  
Steve B. Orloff ◽  
Warren E. Bendixen ◽  
W. Michael Canevari ◽  
Jerry L. Schmierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Forage Yields

Paraquat, cultivation, or cultivation plus oat interseeding (56 or 84 kg/ha) into established alfalfa were evaluated for their effect on weeds, forage yield, and forage composition at Santa Ynez, Lancaster, and Stockton, CA. Treatments were applied during the winter to dormant alfalfa and evaluated in the subsequent harvest season. Paraquat reduced first harvest total forage yields 20 to 33% compared to untreated alfalfa, whereas oat interseeding increased total forage yields 16 to 36%. Cultivation reduced total forage yield in the first cutting by 26% at Lancaster but did not affect forage yield at the other sites. Total or component forage yields were not affected by any treatment in the second and subsequent harvests, with the exception of weeds. Paraquat reduced weed biomass in the first harvest by 45 and 49% at Lancaster and Stockton. Oat interseeding reduced first harvest weed biomass by 80% at Lancaster but did not affect weed biomass at Stockton or Santa Ynez. Oat interseeding or paraquat treatment reduced weed biomass in the second harvest at Stockton, but did not affect weeds in any other harvest at any of the sites. Oat interseeding was comparable to paraquat treatment for weed control, with the advantage of also increasing first harvest forage yield.

Initial activity of atrazine and chlorsulfuron residues is greater in the grey clays than in the black earths of southern Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Walker ◽  
JMT Marley ◽  
GR Robinson ◽  
PA Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
The Mean

Commercial experience is that soil type appears to be a major factor influencing initial weed control from soil applications of atrazine and chlorsulfuron. We tested this by collecting 26 soils from the major cropping areas in southern Queensland. Initial activity was determined by measuring the dose required for 50% inhibition (ID50) of seedling growth in Wimmera ryegrass in controlled environment cabinets. The mean ID50 for atrazine and chlorsulfuron in black earths was 3 and 4 times greater, respectively, than in grey clays. Lower activity in the black earths was probably due to higher clay and cation contents and, consequently, greater adsorption of the herbicides. These results suggest that application rates of atrazine and chlorsulfuron can be adjusted for differences in initial activity between soil types.

An Oats (Avena sativa) – Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation Using Ecofarming versus Conventional Tillage

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Moomaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Tillage System

An oats (Avena sativaL.) – no-till soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] ecofarming system was evaluated through four, 2-yr rotations during 1978 through 1982. Herbicides were applied to oats, to oat stubble, and to no-till soybeans for maximum weed control throughout the 2-yr rotation. The treatment sets also included conventional tillage of oat stubble for weed control and preparation of a soybean seedbed. Several herbicides gave effective weed control in oats with minimal crop injury; however, grain yield was not increased by any of the treatments. No recropping problems were encountered when planting no-till soybeans 14 months after application of chlorsulfuron {<2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide)}. Soybean yield under ecofarming was greater 1 yr and equal to that with the conventional-tillage system the other 2 yr.

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