scholarly journals Use of metabolism and swimming activity to evaluate the sublethal toxicity of surfactant (LAS-C12) on Mugil platanus

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Sublethal Toxicity ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Routine Metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the toxicological effects of the LAS-C12 on Mugil platanus (mullet). Fishes exposed to 1.0 mg.L-1 for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours presented significant increase in specific routine metabolism. At the concentration of 0.5 mgL-1, the active metabolism presented a decreasing trend from 48 h of exposure on. However, only the consumption averages for 72 h were statistically different from the ones obtained for other periods of exposure. The lowest oxygen consumption in this concentration was observed for 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure. Significant differences between the control and the concentration of 2.5 mgL-1 were observed for the different periods of exposure. It was not possible to measure the consumption of oxygen for 96 and 120 h, because the fishes got tired in less than one minute after they were placed in the respirometer. The time of swimming until exhausted for fish exposed to 2.5 mgL-1 of LAS-C12 for 24 h was 8 minutes. Following 72 hours of exposure to this concentration, the fish got exhausted after 3 minutes.

Bioenergetics of a Sand Goby (Gobius minutus) Population

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Sand Goby ◽  
Ingestion Rates ◽  
Active Metabolism ◽  
Gonad Growth ◽  
Parameters Analysis ◽  
Routine Metabolism

This paper describes utilization of ingested energy by a population of sand gobies (Gobius minutus) in the Ythan estuary, Scotland, from November 1966 to March 1969. After metamorphosis (July) the gobies survived about 22 months, and their life could be divided into five stages: somatic growth (July–November); gonad growth (November–February); reproduction (February–June); more somatic growth (June–October); and further gonad growth (October–December). I calculated energy budgets for each stage from the relation:[Formula: see text]where: I = ingested calories; M = calories of metabolism; G = calories of growth.Since I had measures of ingestion, growth, and routine oxygen consumption, I hoped to predict active metabolism by the energy ingested not accounted for in growth and routine metabolism. In fact, 0.8I either equalled the sum of growth and routine metabolism or was much too little to explain predicted expenditures for these parameters. Analysis of published feeding and growth studies in fish indicated that energy imbalances of this sort at low rations are general and that fish seem able to shunt more energy into growth when on a restricted ration than one would predict from studies of standard oxygen consumption. This result together with earlier analyses of Paloheimo and Dickie (1966) indicate that energy budgets for natural populations not based on accurate natural ingestion rates are at best only crude approximations.

Infection of the glass-eel swimbladder with the nematode Anguillicola crassus

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. NIMETH ◽  
P. ZWERGER ◽  
J. WÜRTZ ◽  
W. SALVENMOSER ◽  
B. PELSTER
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Glass Eel ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Anguillicola Crassus ◽  
Glass Eels ◽  
Gas Gland

The ability of the nematode Anguillicola crassus to infect eel larvae (glass-eel stage) was tested. The results show that glass-eels fed on infected copepods, the natural intermediate host of the nematode, can be infected. Light microscopical examination of the infected developing swimbladder tissue revealed that the infection results in a significant thickening of the connective tissue. The basolateral labyrinth of gas gland cells is very much reduced in infected swimbladders, and the distance of gas gland cells to blood capillaries is enlarged. Critical swimming speed, defined as the speed where the larvae were no longer able to swim against the current, was similar in infected and uninfected animals. At intermediate speeds (about 60–80% of critical swimming speed) infected eels showed a slightly higher swimming activity than control animals. Resting oxygen consumption, measured as an index of metabolic activity, within the first 2 months of infection was higher in control animals, which may be due to a reduced rate of activity in infected glass-eels. By 4–5 months after the infection, however, it was significantly higher in infected animals. This may indicate that at this stage a higher activity of the animals is required to compensate for the increase in body density, but swimming performance of infected and non-infected glass-eels was not significantly different. Oxygen consumption during swimming activity, measured in a swim tunnel at 50% of maximal swimming speed, also was not affected. The results thus show that even glass-eels can be infected with A. crassus, and this probably contributes to the rapid spread of the nematode in Europe. While aerobic metabolism during swimming activity is not affected at this stage of infection, the swimbladder tissue shows severe histological changes, which most likely will impair swimbladder function.

The respiratory metabolism of temperature-adapted flatfish at rest and during swimming activity and the use of anaerobic metabolism at moderate swimming speeds

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

(1) The standard oxygen consumption and the oxygen consumption during measured swimming activity have been determined in three flatfish species at 5, 10 and 15 degrees C. (2) The relationship between weight and standard oxygen consumption for flatfish conform to the general relationship Y = aWb. On an interspecies basis, standard oxygen consumption of flatfish is significantly lower than that of roundfish. (3) A semilogarithmic model describes the relationship between oxygen consumption and swimming speed for the three species. Values for maximum oxygen consumption, metabolic scopes and critical swimming speeds are low in comparison to salmonids. (4) The optimum swimming speeds and critical swimming speeds of flatfish are similar. It is suggested that, over long distances, flatfish adopt a strategy of swimming at supercritical speeds with periods of intermittent rest to repay the accrued oxygen debt. (5) Elevated lactic acid levels in flounder white muscle after moderate swimming indicate an additional 15% anaerobic contribution to the cost of locomotion as calculated from aerobic considerations.

Respiration of the Winnipeg Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Critical Levels

The respiratory metabolism of groups of goldeye was measured during rest and sustained swimming activity at 5, 10, and 15 C under conditions of continuous reduction in oxygen by the metabolism of the fish. The oxygen consumption fell progressively during swimming at all temperatures indicating dependence of metabolism on oxygen supply at all pO2 levels. During rest the oxygen consumption was relatively independent of pO2 until certain critical levels were reached. Respiration became markedly limited by CO2 in the medium when the pCO2 exceeded 50 mm Hg. It is apparent that survival possibilities of goldeye would be limited by pO2 and pCO2 between 20–40 mm Hg during the winter.

EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC THYROXINE AND GONADAL STEROIDS ON THE METABOLISM OF GOLDFISH

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Active Metabolism

Studies of both standard and active metabolism agree with most previous findings that thyroid hormone lacks a calorigenic effect while the gonadal steroids stimulate oxygen consumption. Thyroxine, testosterone, or stilboestrol will produce a marked increase in the excretion of nitrogen as measured by changes in the ammonia of the ambient water.

Oxygen Consumption of the Euryhaline Fish Aholehole (Kuhlia sandvicensis) with Reference to Salinity, Swimming, and Food Consumption

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Muir ◽  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
The Difference

Active and standard metabolism of Kuhlia sandvicensis increase with fish weight to a power of about 0.8 and active is nine times standard. No significant difference was found between experiments in fresh water and 30‰ sea water at 23 C. At low swimming speeds the fish may be unable to physically take up as much oxygen as at higher speeds. Swimming activity may be essential to circulatory adequacy.Elevated oxygen consumption lasted for 42 hr following a ration of 2.3% of body weight and for 60 hr after one of 4.5%. It amounted to about 76 mg O2/g ration, equivalent to about 16% of the energy of the ration, in both cases. For a nonswimming fish the highest oxygen consumption observed following the maximum daily ration is no more than half of the difference between active and standard rates.

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