The respiratory metabolism of temperature-adapted flatfish at rest and during swimming activity and the use of anaerobic metabolism at moderate swimming speeds

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

(1) The standard oxygen consumption and the oxygen consumption during measured swimming activity have been determined in three flatfish species at 5, 10 and 15 degrees C. (2) The relationship between weight and standard oxygen consumption for flatfish conform to the general relationship Y = aWb. On an interspecies basis, standard oxygen consumption of flatfish is significantly lower than that of roundfish. (3) A semilogarithmic model describes the relationship between oxygen consumption and swimming speed for the three species. Values for maximum oxygen consumption, metabolic scopes and critical swimming speeds are low in comparison to salmonids. (4) The optimum swimming speeds and critical swimming speeds of flatfish are similar. It is suggested that, over long distances, flatfish adopt a strategy of swimming at supercritical speeds with periods of intermittent rest to repay the accrued oxygen debt. (5) Elevated lactic acid levels in flounder white muscle after moderate swimming indicate an additional 15% anaerobic contribution to the cost of locomotion as calculated from aerobic considerations.

Differential metabolic capacity of mice selected for magnitude of swim stress-induced analgesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona B. Łapo ◽  
Marek Konarzewski ◽  
Bogdan Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Capacity ◽  
Swim Stress ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
The Relationship

Maximum oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) elicited by swimming in 20°C water or by exposure to −2.5°C in helium-oxygen (Helox) atmosphere is higher in mice selected for low (LA) than for high (HA) stress-induced analgesia (SIA) produced by swimming. However, this line difference is greater with respect to swim- than to cold-elicited V˙o 2. To study the relationship between the analgesic and thermogenic mechanisms, we acclimated HA and LA mice to 5°C or to daily swimming at 20 or 32°C. Next, the acclimated mice were exposed to a Helox test at −2.5°C and to a swim test at 20°C to compareV˙o 2 and hypothermia (ΔT). Cold acclimation raised V˙o 2 and decreased ΔT. These effects were similar in both lines in the Helox test but were smaller in the HA than in the LA line in the swim test. HA and LA mice acclimated to 20 or 32°C swims increasedV˙o 2 and decreased ΔT elicited by swimming, but only HA mice acclimated to 20°C swims increasedV˙o 2 and decreased ΔT in the Helox test. We conclude that the between-line difference in swimV˙o 2 results from a stronger modulation of thermogenic capacities of HA mice by a swim stress-related mechanism, resulting in SIA. We suggest that the predisposition to SIA observed in laboratory as well as wild animals may significantly affect both the results of laboratory measurements ofV˙o 2 and the interpretation of its intra- and interspecific variation.

Respiration of the Winnipeg Goldeye (Hiodon alosoides)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Critical Levels

The respiratory metabolism of groups of goldeye was measured during rest and sustained swimming activity at 5, 10, and 15 C under conditions of continuous reduction in oxygen by the metabolism of the fish. The oxygen consumption fell progressively during swimming at all temperatures indicating dependence of metabolism on oxygen supply at all pO2 levels. During rest the oxygen consumption was relatively independent of pO2 until certain critical levels were reached. Respiration became markedly limited by CO2 in the medium when the pCO2 exceeded 50 mm Hg. It is apparent that survival possibilities of goldeye would be limited by pO2 and pCO2 between 20–40 mm Hg during the winter.

Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and lactic acid during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass

Perfusion ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo Engoren ◽  
Michael Evans
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Measure Oxygen Consumption ◽  
A Prospective Study

The objective of this study was to measure oxygen consumption, carbondioxide production and lactic acid levels during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. A prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary care community hospital, involving 20 adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with prolonged (>65 min) crossclamping of the aorta. O2 consumption, CO2 production, hemoglobin and lactic acid levels were measured 5, 35 and 65 min after crossclamping of the aorta. O2 consumption was 79.7 ± 14.5, 78.8 ± 15.4 and 81.5 ± 14.1 ml/min/m2 at 5, 35 and 65 min after crossclamping the aorta. CO2 production was 61.8 ± 42.9, 60.6 ± 26.3 and 62.2 ± 35.9 ml/min/m2 at the same times. Lactic acid levels were 1.6 ± 0.5 mM/dl at all three times and did not correlate with O2 consumption or CO2 production. In conclusion, although oxygen consumption was low, there was no evidence of abnormal lactate or anaerobic metabolism to suggest tissue ischemia.

scholarly journals Could resistance to lactate accumulation contribute to the better swimming performance of Brycon amazonicus when compared to Colossoma macropomum?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio S. Ferreira ◽  
Paulo H.R. Aride ◽  
Adalberto L. Val
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Lactate Levels

Background In the wild, matrinchã (Brycon amazonicus) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) rely strongly on their swimming capacity to perform feeding, migration and reproductive activities. Sustained swimming speed in fishes is performed almost exclusively by aerobic red muscles. The white muscle has high contraction power, but fatigue quickly, being used mainly in sprints and bursts, with a maximum duration of few seconds. The Ucrit test, an incremental velocity procedure, is mainly a measure of the aerobic capacity of a fish, but with a high participation of anaerobic metabolism close to the velocity of fatigue. Our previous study has indicated a high swimming performance of matrinchã (Ucrit) after hypoxia exposure, despite increased levels of lactate in plasma. In contrast, tambaqui with high lactate levels in plasma presented very low swimming performance. Therefore, we aimed to study the resistance of matrinchã and tambaqui to the increased lactate levels in muscle over an incremental velocity test (Ucrit). As a secondary aim, we analyzed the differences in anaerobic metabolism in response to environmental hypoxia, which could also support the better swimming performance of matrinchã, compared to tambaqui. Methods We measured, over incremented velocities in both species, the metabolic rate (the oxygen consumption by the fish; MO2), and the concentrations of lactate and nitrites and nitrates (NOx) in muscles. NOx was measured as an indicator of nitric oxide and its possible role in improving cardiorespiratory capacity in these fishes, which could postpone the use of anaerobic metabolism and lactate production during the swimming test. Also, we submitted fishes until fatigue and hypoxia (0.5 mg L−1) and measured, in addition to the previous parameters, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; the enzyme responsible for lactate production), since that swimming performance could also be explained by the anaerobic capacity of producing ATP. Results Matrinchã exhibited a better swimming performance and higher oxygen consumption rates. Lactate levels were higher in matrinchã only at the moment of fatigue. Under hypoxia, LDH activity increased in the white muscle only in tambaqui, but averages were always higher in matrinchã. Discussion and conclusions The results suggest that matrinchã is more resistant than tambaqui regarding lactate accumulation in muscle at the Ucrit test, but it is not clear how much it contributes to postpone fatigue. The higher metabolic rate possibly allows the accumulated lactate to be used as aerobic fuel by the matrinchã, improving swimming performance. More studies are needed regarding matrinchã’s ability to oxidize lactate, the effects of exercise on muscle acidification, and the hydrodynamics of these species, to clarify why matrinchã is a better swimmer than tambaqui.

Energetics of ascent: insects on inclines

1990 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Full ◽  
A. Tullis
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Incline Angle ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
The Cost

Small animals use more metabolic energy per unit mass than large animals to run on a level surface. If the cost to lift one gram of mass one vertical meter is constant, small animals should require proportionally smaller increases in metabolic cost to run uphill. To test this hypothesis on very small animals possessing an exceptional capacity for ascending steep gradients, we measured the metabolic cost of locomotion in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, running at angles of 0, 45 and 90 degrees to the horizontal. Resting oxygen consumption (VO2rest) was not affected by incline angle. Steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2ss) increased linearly with speed at all angles of ascent. The minimum cost of locomotion (the slope of the VO2ss versus speed function) increased with increasing angle of ascent. The minimum cost of locomotion on 45 and 90 degrees inclines was two and three times greater, respectively, than the cost during horizontal running. The cockroach's metabolic cost of ascent greatly exceeds that predicted from the hypothesis of a constant efficiency for vertical work. Variations in stride frequency and contact time cannot account for the high metabolic cost, because they were independent of incline angle. An increase in the metabolic cost or amount of force production may best explain the increase in metabolic cost. Small animals, such as P. americana, can easily scale vertical surfaces, but the energetic cost is considerable.

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