scholarly journals Cognitive deficits associated with optic aphasia: Neuropsychological contribution to a differential diagnosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa de Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Cristina Adda ◽  
Mara Cristina de Souza Lucia ◽  
Milberto Scaff ◽  
Eliane Correa Miotto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Temporal Lesion

Abstract Optic aphasia is characterized by a deficit in naming objects presented visually, as a result of left occipito-temporal lesion. It differs from other neuropsychological disorders due to the nature of the deficits and impairment of cognitive function. A 52 year-old patient, admitted after an episode of sub-acute infarction in the territory of the left posterior cerebral artery involving the temporo-occipital region, was submitted to neuropsychological evaluation as part of a diagnostic investigation and presented specific characteristics of this disorder, as well as impairment to episodic memory. The relevance of the present case is justified not only due to the rarity of the disorder, but also because it highlights the importance of differential diagnosis in the treatment of patients.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology and differential diagnosis in cognitive declines and demoralprocesses in the elderly

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-54
Author(s):  
Maria Luzinete Alves Vanzeler
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Mixed Dementia ◽  
Impaired Memory ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
Different Types

In order to review the literature on cognitive decline in aging, normal and pathological and the role of neuropsychological evaluation in the differential diagnosis of these declines, a search was conducted in specialized textbooks, neuropsychological evaluation manuals and indexed scientific articles (in capes, lilacs, pubmed, mediline and scielo and academic Google journals), the review was conducted in November and December 2019. The study gathered information about cognitive deficits in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (CLC) and different types of dementia, such as: Alzheimer's disease (AD); Frontotemporal dementia (FTD); Dementia with Lewy corpuscles (DCL); Vascular dementia (DV); Mixed dementia (AD/dv); dementias associated with other neurodegenerative disorders; infectious dementias and reversible dementias. The importance of neuropsychological evaluation was verified as a diagnostic tool, using resources such as: interviews, behavioral observations, batteries of screenings and specific tests (exclusive use of the psychologist). Neuropsychological evaluation characterizes dementia as a progressive deficit in cognitive function, with impaired memory from the initial phase, which impairs social and occupational activities. In addition, neuropsychological evaluation can identify situations in which there is the possibility of reversal, primary and sequelal conditions and also guide therapy and indicate prognosis.

Differential diagnosis of hemoptysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Petr Arkadievich Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Blood expectoration or hemoptysis is the coughing up of sputum with blood from the larynx, bronchi or lungs. Hemoptysis is most often caused by diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs — bronchitis or pneumonia, as well as lung cancer, aspergilloma, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism, etc. In the diagnostic investigation of the cause of hemoptysis, it is important to take a detailed history (in the case of an epidemiological history, a laboratory analysis of the secreted sputum for the detection of the causative agent of an infectious disease is necessary), to make the correct interpretation of the patient’s complaints and an assessment of the nature of the sputum (differential diagnosis with bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract). A chest X-ray is performed and, then, if indicated, computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and other studies are made. The article presents an algorithm for differential diagnostic investigation of hemoptysis in a patient

A-57 The Neuropsychological Impact of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1099
Author(s):  
Jill Del Pozzo ◽  
Erica F Weiss ◽  
Diana Bronshteyn ◽  
David M Masur ◽  
John J McGinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes Syndrome, is an autoimmune condition linked to various adverse medical and neurological outcomes affecting 5 in 100,000. APS results from antibodies (aPL) that attack blood proteins that bind to phospholipids (e.g., 2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin), which can cause blood flow problems, increased risk of blood clots, and recurrent vascular thrombotic events. Research suggests APS may lead to various neurologic/medical issues including memory loss, visual disturbances, and dementia. Method Neuropsychological evaluation of 48-year-old female with triple-positive APS and history of bilateral superior parietal chronic ischemic infarctions, multiple bilateral lacunar infarctions, and bilateral encephalomalacia. Reports progressive cognitive changes (< 1 year). Results Neuropsychological evaluation evidenced low average premorbid functioning and currently, extremely low overall cognitive ability. Memory was variable with significant visual and working memory impairment but preserved delayed recall of contextual information. While verbal abilities were intact, deficits were noted in executive functioning, attention, processing speed, visuomotor, visual–spatial, and fine motor skills. Conclusion This 48-year-old woman’s cognitive profile is consistent with findings in the APS literature and is indicative of an early onset major vascular neurocognitive disorder. Retrospective studies suggest that cognitive deficits often precede somatic symptoms of APS and abnormal neuroimaging findings; she presents atypically, as somatic symptoms and abnormal neuroimaging preceded cognitive decline. This case adds to the limited body of neuropsychological data regarding the effects of APS on cognitive functioning, as the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in APS is unclear and leads to questions regarding differences in, and trajectories of, cognitive deficits in APS.

scholarly journals Case Report: Recurrent Left Posterior Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia in a Newborn

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Qu-ming Zhao ◽  
Xue-cun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Case Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
First Year Of Life

Left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPFVT) is extremely rare in neonates. We described a 17-day-old girl with LPFVT who was initially misdiagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Eventually, she was successfully treated by amiodarone infusion followed by oral amiodarone with propranolol for 9 months, and LPFVT spontaneously resolved after a 1-year follow-up. This case report illustrated the basic principles and caveats in differential diagnosis of LPFVT in the neonatal age group. With proper diagnosis and therapy, neonatal LPFVT might regress in the first year of life.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Rapidly Progressive Dementia Culminating in a Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Parmvir Parmar ◽  
Curtis L. Cooper ◽  
Daniel Kobewka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Sporadic Cjd

Rapidly progressive dementia is a curious and elusive clinical description of a pattern of cognitive deficits that progresses faster than typical dementia syndromes. The differential diagnosis and clinical workup for rapidly progressive dementia are quite extensive and involve searching for infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplastic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative causes. We present the case of a previously highly functional 76-year-old individual who presented with a 6-month history of rapidly progressive dementia. His most prominent symptoms were cognitive impairment, aphasia, visual hallucinations, and ataxia. Following an extensive battery of tests in hospital, the differential diagnosis remained probable CJD versus autoimmune encephalitis. He clinically deteriorated and progressed to akinetic mutism and myoclonus. He passed away 8 weeks after his initial presentation to hospital, and an autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of sporadic CJD. We use this illustrative case as a framework to discuss the clinical and diagnostic considerations in the workup for rapidly progressive dementia. We also discuss CJD and autoimmune encephalitis, the two main diagnostic possibilities in our patient, in more detail.

scholarly journals Prevalence of treatable and reversible dementias: A study in a dementia outpatient clinic

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeska Maria Eboli Bello ◽  
Rodrigo Rizek Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Investigation ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Behavioral Neurology ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the development of multiple cognitive deficits and behavioral changes that leads to impairment of functional activities. There are primary degenerative, progressive and irreversible dementias, and other dementias resulting from a progressive but potentially reversible dementia of secondary origin. Objective: To assess the prevalence of cases with a diagnosis of potentially reversible dementia at a Behavioral Neurology Outpatient Unit. Methods: A retrospective study based on a review of 340 medical records of patients seen from 1999 to 2009 was conducted. All patients received a thorough diagnostic assessment to verify the etiological hypothesis proposed. Results: Of the 340 patients seen in the study period, 172 (50.5%) were females and 168 (49.5%) males, 90 patients (26.4%) were under 60 years of age, and 250 (73.6%) were over 60 years of age. Alzheimer's disease, with 89 cases (26%), followed by vascular dementia with 39 cases (11.47%), were the leading etiological diagnoses. A total of 193 patients had dementia and 37 of these (19.17%) were found to have potentially reversible dementias, distributed as follows: head injury: 15 patients; alcohol-related dementias: 11 patients; meningoencephalitis: 2 patients; hypothyroidism: 2 patients; neurosyphilis: 2 patients; normal pressure hydrocephalus: 2 patients; AIDS: 1 patient; Korsakoff's syndrome: 1 patient, and Post-anoxic dementia: 1 patient. Conclusions: A significant number of patients were found to have potentially reversible dementias (19.17%). These data show an urgent need for more extensive diagnostic investigation, and indicate the possibility of reversing some dementias, especially cases detected early.

scholarly journals Study of Posterior Cerebral Artery in Human Cadaveric Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gunnal ◽  
M. S. Farooqui ◽  
R. N. Wabale
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Mean Diameter

Objective. Basilar artery (BA) terminates in right and left posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). Each PCA supplies respective occipital lobe of the cerebrum. The present study is designed to know the morphology, morphometry, branching pattern, and symmetry of PCA. Methods. The study included 340 PCAs dissected from 170 human cadaveric brains. Results. Morphological variations of P1 segment included, aplasia (2.35%), hypoplasia (5.29%), duplication (2.35%), fenestration (1.17%), and common trunk shared with SCA (1.76%). Morphological variations of origin of P2 segment included direct origin of it from BA (1.17%) and ICA (2.35%). Unusually, two P2 segments, each arising separately from BA and ICA, were observed in 1.17%. Unilateral two P2 segments from CW were found in 0.58%. Morphological variations of course of P2 were duplication (0.58%), fenestration (0.58%), and aneurysm (1.76%). Unilateral P2 either adult or fetal was seen in 4.71%. The group II branching pattern was found to be most common. Asymmetry of P2 was 40%. Morphometry of P2 revealed mean length of 52 mm and mean diameter of 2.7 mm. Conclusion. The present study provides the complete anatomical description of PCA regarding morphology, morphometry, symmetry, and its branching pattern. Awareness of these variations is likely to be useful in cerebrovascular procedures.

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