Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstruction of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle in Situ Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Perry ◽  
David P. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini

Objective: Most studies have used two-dimensional (2D) data to image and study the velopharyngeal mechanism, oversimplifying the complexity of the system. Three-dimensional (3D) computer modeling and animation offers the advantage of viewing in all coordinate planes and gives the researcher the ability to apply external forces and chart resultant movement patterns. The objective of this project was to create a 3D model of the velopharyngeal mechanism, with primary focus on the levator veli palatini muscle, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to demonstrate the velum at rest and during elevation. Method: Quantitative data, based on MRI analyses and consisting of levator muscle length, width, and orientation were modeled using the Maya software system. Results: Using data derived from MRI analyses, an accurate and realistic computer reconstruction of the levator muscle in situ was possible. A video of the animation was created to demonstrate the anatomy from variable view points, layering of the velar muscles, and movement of the velopharyngeal mechanism during vowel production. Conclusion: Improvements in visualization of the levator veli palatini muscle through 3D computer graphics offer a promising future for the field of speech science in providing advancements in basic research. It will be valuable in applied research and clinical activities such as surgical management for individuals impacted by a cleft palate. It is a step forward in creating models of abnormal anatomy (i.e., cleft palate) and is a step closer to a virtual surgical planning tool.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Occult Submucous Cleft Palate

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Sandra L. Ettema ◽  
Michael S. Goldwasser ◽  
Joseph C. Barkmeier ◽  
Jayne M. Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Submucous Cleft Palate

Objective: To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with occult submucous cleft palate and to use the MRI information obtained to aid in the treatment decision to perform surgery versus behavioral speech therapy. Design: Prospective study with magnetic resonance (MR) images of subjects suspected of having occult submucous cleft palate. Setting: Hospital and university-based. Patients: Two girls who were 4 years old at the time of palatal surgery. Intervention: Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty. Main outcome measures: MR images and clinical speech evaluations. Results: MR images provided evidence of an interruption of levator veli palatini muscle tissue in the midline and a substantial attachment of levator muscle tissue to the posterior border of the hard palate. In addition, MR images for both subjects demonstrated remarkably similar bilateral encapsulating sheaths that contained nonmuscular tissue, as confirmed subsequently during surgery. The encapsulating sheaths interrupted the normal progression of the levator muscle sling across the midline. The MR images led to the decision to perform surgery instead of speech therapy. Hypernasality was markedly reduced in both subjects after surgery. Conclusions: MRI is an effective technique for diagnosing occult submucous cleft palate and may be an important aid in the treatment decision regarding surgery versus behavioral speech therapy for patients diagnosed with occult submucous cleft palate.

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Mouse Lung In Situ

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Scadeng ◽  
Harry B. Rossiter ◽  
David J. Dubowitz ◽  
Ellen C. Breen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle before and after Primary Palatoplasty

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Sandra L. Ettema ◽  
Michael S. Goldwasser ◽  
Joseph C. Barkmeier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palatal Surgery

Objective To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with cleft palate before and after primary palatoplasty with particular attention focused on the levator veli palatini muscle. Design Prospective study using MRIs of subjects before and after primary cleft palate surgery. Setting Hospital and university based. Patients One female infant with normal anatomy. Three male and four female infants with cleft palate of varying severity. Intervention Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty and V-Y palatoplasty. Main Outcome Measures Magnetic resonance images. Results It was found that the levator veli palatini muscle can be imaged before and after palatal surgery in infants using MRI. The muscle may have sufficient volume, proportionate to a normal infant or adult, in infants born with cleft palate. If retrodisplaced properly, the muscle is likely to be steeper (more vertical) from its origin at the base of the skull to its insertion into the velum following palatoplasty, thus providing a more favorable angle for elevating the velum. Following palatal surgery, the levator muscle mass may not be as cohesive across the velar midline, compared with normal musculature. Conclusion MRI is a viable imaging modality for the evaluation of the anatomy of the levator veli palatini muscle before and after primary palatoplasty in infants born with cleft palate.

Effects of Gravity on the Velopharyngeal Structures in Children Using Upright Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
Jamie L. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol

Objective The influence of gravity on the velopharyngeal structures in children is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the velopharyngeal mechanism in the upright and supine positions while at rest and during sustained speech production in children between 4 and 8 years old. Methods A 0.6 Tesla open-type, multipositional magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to image subjects in the upright and supine positions. The scanning protocol included a T2 fluid attenuation inversion recovery and an oblique coronal turbo spin echo scan with short scanning durations (7.9 seconds) to enable visualization of the velopharyngeal anatomy during rest and production of sustained /i/ and /s/. Results The magnetic resonance imaging protocol used for this study enabled successful visualization of the velopharyngeal anatomy in the sagittal and oblique coronal planes at rest and during sustained phonation of /i/ and /s/. Positional differences demonstrated a small nonsignificant ( P > .05) variation for velar measures (length, thickness, and height), retrovelar space, and levator veli palatini measures (length and angles of origin). Conclusions Gravity had a negligible effect on velar length, velar thickness, velar height, retrovelar space, levator muscle length, and levator angles of origin. Supine imaging data can be translated to an upright activity such as speech. This is the first study to provide normative levator muscle lengths for children between 4 and 8 years old. Upright imaging may be a promising tool for difficult-to-test populations.

scholarly journals Examining Age, Sex, and Race Characteristics of Velopharyngeal Structures in 4- to 9-Year-Old Children Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Perry ◽  
Lakshmi Kollara ◽  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Bradley P. Sutton ◽  
Xiangming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Posterior Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Levator Muscle ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Mean Values

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the growth of the various craniofacial and velopharyngeal structures and examine sex and race effects. Methods: Eight-five healthy children (53 white and 32 black) with normal velopharyngeal anatomy between 4 and 9 years of age who met the inclusion criteria and successfully completed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were included in the study. Results: Developmental normative mean values for selected craniofacial and velopharyngeal variables by race and sex are reported. Facial skeleton variables (face height, nasion to sella, sella to basion, palate height, palate width) and velopharyngeal variables (levator muscle length, angle of origin, sagittal angle, velar length, velar thickness, velar knee to posterior pharyngeal wall, and posterior nasal spine to levator muscle) demonstrated a trend toward a decrease in angle measures and increase in linear measures as age increased (with the exception of posterior nasal spine to levator muscle). Only hard palate width and levator muscle length showed a significant sex effect. However, 2 facial skeleton and 6 velopharyngeal variables showed a significant race effect. The interactions between sex, race, and age were not statistically significant across all variables, with the exception of posterior nasal spine to posterior pharyngeal wall. Conclusion: Findings established a large age- and race-specific normative reference for craniofacial and velopharyngeal variables. Data reveal minimal sexual dimorphism among variables used in the present study; however, significant racial effects were observed.

Gastric accommodation and motility are influenced by the barostat device: assessment with magnetic resonance imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. G208-G214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. de Zwart ◽  
Jeoffrey J. L. Haans ◽  
Paul Verbeek ◽  
Paul H. C. Eilers ◽  
Albert de Roos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Gastric Physiology ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The barostat is considered the gold standard for evaluation of proximal gastric motility especially for the accommodation response to a meal. The procedure is invasive because it involves the introduction of an intragastric catheter and bag and is not always well tolerated. Moreover, the barostat bag itself may influence motility. Nowadays magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to measure several aspects of gastric motility noninvasively. To evaluate whether the accommodation response of the stomach, observed with the barostat, is present during MRI and whether the barostat interferes with gastric physiology, gastric accommodation, motility, and emptying were studied twice in 14 healthy subjects with MRI using three-dimensional volume scans and two-dimensional dynamic scans once in the presence of a barostat bag and once when the barostat bag was not present. Fasting and postprandial intragastric volumes were significantly higher in the experiment with barostat vs. without barostat (fasting: 350 ± 132 ml vs. 37 ± 21 ml, P < 0.0001; postprandial: 852 ± 126 ml vs. 361 ± 62 ml, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found in gastric emptying (88 ± 41 vs. 97 ± 40 ml/h, not significant) and contraction frequency between both experiments. The accommodation response observed in the presence of the barostat bag was not observed in the absence of the barostat bag. In conclusion, the presence of an intragastric barostat bag does not interfere with gastric emptying or motility, but the accommodation response measured with the barostat in situ is not observed without the barostat bag in situ. Gastric accommodation is a nonphysiological barostat-induced phenomenon.

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