Trigonocephaly: Clinical and Cephalometric Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Operated and Nontreated Patients

Objective: This study examined the factors related to the morphogenesis of the craniofacial complex of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP based on the findings of a lateral cephalogram. Design: Embryo transfer experiments were performed to determine the effect of the fetus weight, dam strain, dam weight, and litter size on the intra-uterine craniofacial morphogenesis of CL/Fr mouse fetuses. On the 18th gestational day, each pregnant dam that had received CL/Fr mouse embryos was laparotomized to remove the transferred fetuses that had developed in the uteri of the cleft lip and palate (CLP)-susceptible CL/Fr strain dam and the CLP-resistant C57BL strain dam. A cephalometric observation of the craniofacial morphology of each fetus was subsequently performed. Results: Based on a multiple regression analysis, the standardized partial regression coefficients of the affected fetus weight, the dam weight, and the litter size on the maxillary size of the affected CL/Fr fetus were 0.71 (p < .01), 0.03, and −0.07. According to a least-squares analysis of variance, the dam strain effect in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight on the maxillary size and the cranial size of the affected fetuses was significant (p < .01 for cranial size, p < .05 for maxillary size) and close to a significant level (p = .09) for the mandibular size of the affected fetuses. The adjusted maxillary size and cranial size after statistically eliminating the effects of the affected fetus weight, dam weight, and lifter size on each original craniofacial size of the affected fetuses that had developed in the CL/Er dam strain were also significantly smaller than those of the affected fetuses that had developed in the C57BL dam strain. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the craniofacial growth of the CL/Fr mouse fetus affected with CLP increased in proportion to the fetus weight. The dam strain effect, in addition to the effect of the affected fetus weight, could thus not be ignored when the etiology of the spontaneous CLP was examined, while the uterine environment, provided by the CL/Fr strain dam, retarded the intra-uterine craniofacial growth of the affected fetuses. It was therefore concluded that the dam strain effect, as well as the effect of the affected fetus weight, both play an important role on the craniofacial morphogenesis of the CL/Fr strain of the affected fetuses that developed in both strain dams.

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Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.10.7614 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 3649-3653

Author(s):

David Angelescu ◽

Teodora Angelescu ◽

Meda Romana Simu ◽

Alexandrina Muntean ◽

Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Respiratory Pattern ◽

Control Group ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Oral Breathing ◽

Facial Height ◽

Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

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The relation between third molar agenesis and craniofacial morphology

Egyptian Orthodontic Journal ◽

10.21608/eos.2012.78823 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 51-64

Author(s):

Nagwa Enany ◽

Ahmed El-Kalza ◽

Fatma El-Shikhy

Keyword(s):

Third Molar ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Third Molar Agenesis

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Orthodontic Treatment and Craniocervical Posture in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: An Observational Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3295

Author(s):

Maria Paço ◽

José Alberto Duarte ◽

Teresa Pinho

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Hyoid Bone ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

P Value ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Phase Data ◽

Condylar Displacement ◽

Clinical Records

Orthodontic treatment acts through the application of forces and/or by stimulating and redirecting the functional forces within the craniofacial complex. Considering the interrelationship between craniomandibular and craniocervical systems, this intervention may alter craniocervical posture. Thus, our aim is to (a) compare craniocervical posture, hyoid bone position, and craniofacial morphology before, after, and also in the contention phase at least one year after the orthodontic treatment, in patients with temporomandibular disorders and (b) to verify whether the presence of condylar displacement, the skeletal class, or the facial biotype interferes with the abovementioned outcomes. To do so an observational, analytical, longitudinal, and retrospective design study was carried out. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was applied. The sample consisted of clinical records of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders in order to compare pre-orthodontic treatment with post-orthodontic treatment (n = 42) and contention phase data (n = 26). A cephalometric analysis of several variables was performed. The p-value was set as 0.05. When the pre- and post-orthodontic treatment data were analyzed, there were statistically significant changes in variables concerning craniocervical posture (CV angle, C0-C1, and AA-PNS) and also concerning hyoid bone position (C3-Rgn). When pre- and post-orthodontic treatment and contention phase data were analyzed the variables concerning craniocervical posture (C0-C1, CVT/Ver, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NSL/Ver; OPT/CVT, OPT/Ver) and facial biotype had statistically significant changes. This allowed us to conclude that in the sample studied, there were significant differences regarding hyoid bone position (pre- versus post-orthodontic treatment) and craniocervical posture (pre- versus post-orthodontic versus contention), with the craniocervical posture being prone to return to basal values. The presence of condylar displacement was found to significantly increase the H-H1 distance in the three moments of evaluation. Facial biotype was found to significantly increase the NSL/Ver angle on hypodivergent compared to hyperdivergent in the contention phase.

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Nasal Morphology and Its Correlation to Craniofacial Morphology in Lateral Cephalometric Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3064

Author(s):

Agnieszka Jankowska ◽

Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska ◽

Katarzyna Grocholewicz

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Base Angle ◽

Nasolabial Angle ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Nose Shape ◽

The Relationship ◽

Spearman’S Correlation

Nose shape, size, and inclination influence facial appearance, but few studies concern the relationship between the nasal profile and craniofacial structures. The objective of this study was to analyze association of nasal cephalometric variables with skeletal structures, age, and sex. Cephalometric and nasal analysis was performed in 386 Polish orthodontic patients (aged 9–25 years). Student t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used to compare quantitative variables and Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients—to find correlations. Soft tissue facial convexity angle correlates to Holdaway ratio, ANB (A-Nasion-B), and Wits appraisal. Nasal dorsum axis, nose length, nose depth (1) and nose depth (2), nose hump, lower dorsum convexity, and columella convexity increase with age. Nasal base angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, soft tissue facial convexity and nasal bone angle decrease with age. Nasal base angle and nasomental angle are smaller in females. Thus, a relationship exists between nasal morphology and sagittal jaw configuration. Nasal parameters significantly change with age. Sexual dimorphism characterizes nasal bone angle and nasomental angle.

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Geometric morphometric investigation of craniofacial morphological change in domesticated silver foxes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82111-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Timothy M. Kistner ◽

Katherine D. Zink ◽

Steven Worthington ◽

Daniel E. Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Craniofacial Morphology ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Skeletal Morphology ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Domestication Syndrome ◽

Morphometric Investigation ◽

Unselected Population

AbstractTo test the effects of domestication on craniofacial skeletal morphology, we used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) along with linear and endocranial measurements to compare selected (domesticated) and unselected foxes from the Russian Farm-Fox Experiment to wild foxes from the progenitor population from which the farmed foxes are derived. Contrary to previous findings, we find that domesticated and unselected foxes show minimal differences in craniofacial shape and size compared to the more substantial differences between the wild foxes and both populations of farmed foxes. GM analyses and linear measurements demonstrate that wild foxes differ from farmed foxes largely in terms of less cranial base flexion, relatively expanded cranial vaults, and increased endocranial volumes. These results challenge the assumption that the unselected population of foxes kept as part of the Russian Farm-Fox experiment are an appropriate proxy for ‘wild’ foxes in terms of craniofacial morphology and highlight the need to include wild populations in further studies of domestication syndrome to disentangle the phenotypic effects of multiple selection pressures. These findings also suggest that marked increases in docility cannot be reliably diagnosed from shape differences in craniofacial skeletal morphology.

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Craniofacial morphology and occlusal variation: The relationships between craniofacial morphology and occlusal variations as observed in monozygous and dizygous twins

American Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1016/0002-9416(82)90557-7 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

William K. Lobb

Keyword(s):

Craniofacial Morphology

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