Craniofacial Morphology of Adult Unoperated Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldino Capelozza ◽  
Sheyla Miki Taniguchi ◽  
Omar Gabriel Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

The craniofacial morphology of 26 white unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (13 males, 13 females) was analyzed with cephalometry and compared with a control (normal) group. The results show that in the cleft group, the maxilla is smaller and more protruded, the lower anterior facial height is much larger, and the mandible shows well-defined differences (body, ramus, gonial angle, and mandibular plane angle).

Examination of Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildiz Öztürk ◽  
Nil Cura
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane

Craniofacial morphology of children with and without clefts has been reported to differ because of a combination of factors including, morphogenetic pattern, adaptive changes, and lip and palate management. The purpose of this study was to make a cephalometric evaluation of possible differences in craniofacial morphology of Turkish children with and without unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Twenty UCLP children (7 girls, 13 boys) with a mean age of 10.75 years (SD = 2.58 years) were compared with a control group of children without UCLP, who were matched for age (mean = 10.64 years, SD = 2.58 years) and sex. No patient had received orthodontic treatment. Linear and angular variables were measured from tracings of lateral cephalometric radiographs and the resulting data were evaluated statistically. Compared with children in the control group, the children in the cleft palate group demonstrated a greater flattening of the cranial base, a more retrognathic and posteriorly inclined maxilla with decreased length, a larger mandibular plane and gonial angle, larger anterior facial height, and decreased posterior and upper-posterior facial heights.

scholarly journals The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jeelani ◽  
Mubassar Fida ◽  
Attiya Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years. The MIDR was recorded from the pretreatment orthodontic records. The following parameters were assessed on lateral cephalograms: ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, lower anterior and total anterior facial heights, upper incisor inclination, upper anterior dentoalveolar height, and upper lip length, thickness and protrusion. The relationship between MIDR and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue components was assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: The mean MIDR was significantly greater in females than males (p = 0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between MIDR and ANB angle, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. A significant negative correlation was found between MIDR and upper lip length and thickness. Linear regression analysis showed that upper lip length was the strongest predictor of MIDR, explaining 29.7% of variance in MIDR. A multiple linear regression model based on mandibular plane angle, lower anterior facial height, upper lip length and upper lip thickness explained about 63.4% of variance in MIDR. Conclusions: Incisal display at rest was generally greater in females than males. Multiple factors play a role in determining MIDR, nevertheless upper lip length was found to be the strongest predictor of variations in MIDR.

Longitudinal Study of Craniofacial Growth in Subjects with Cleft Lip and Palate: From Cheiloplasty to 8 Years of Age

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeong-Ju Han ◽  
Akira Suzuki ◽  
Hideo Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Anterior Maxilla ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Isolated Cleft Palate

Craniofacial morphology was compared in 10 patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), 33 with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and 14 patients with isolated cleft palate (CP). Serial lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms, obtained just before lip repair at 4 months or palatoplasty at 2 years, and at 4 and 8 years of age, were analyzed through comparisons with the means and growth increments of craniofacial dimensions. Facial forms at 8 years of age were compared with those of 33 noncleft subjects. Wider upper facial width before lip repair in the UCLP patients diminished slightly following surgery, but the condition persisted up to 8 years of age. Less forward growth of the maxilla was found in the subjects who received palatoplasty and a larger vertical growth increment in anterior maxilla occurred in the UCLP patients. Posterior maxillary height showed no significant differences in its growth increment among patients with clefts, but shorter posterior maxillary height in the UCLP patients continued. Linear dimensions of the mandible did not differ among cleft subjects, but a larger intercondylar width, a larger gonial angle, and a slightly retruded mandible in the CP patients and UCLP patients suggested compensation of the mandible to a wider and retroinclined nasomaxillary complex.

scholarly journals Evaluation of characteristics of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity in girls with central precocious puberty

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Kyung Lee ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi ◽  
Dong Fan ◽  
Kyung-Mi Jang ◽  
Min-Seon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Dental Maturity ◽  
Craniofacial Complex ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify unique characteristics of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Materials and Methods: This study included 34 Korean girls with idiopathic CPP (mean age, 8.6 ± .5 years) and 28 normal healthy girls of the same chronological age. An initial evaluation of the growth pattern of the craniofacial complex and dental maturity was conducted by analyzing lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. Results: The mandibular ramus height (44.4 ± 4.1 mm) and total mandibular length (10.8 ± 4.3 mm) (P = .004 and .021, respectively) were greater and the lower anterior facial height was lesser (63.2 ± 2.4 mm) (P = .040) in the CPP group than in the reference group. In addition, the gonial angle (12.9 ± 6.1°; P = .045) and the mandibular plane angle (34.9 ± 4.8°; P = .012) were smaller in girls with CPP than in normal healthy girls. All the mandibular teeth were more mature in girls with CPP (P < .001). A strong positive correlation was observed between the mandibular tooth formation stages and the presence of CPP in girls (r = .756 to .957; P < .001). Conclusions: CPP had an effect on the anteroposterior growth of the mandible in the craniofacial complex and the rotation of the mandibular plane angle. Early maturation of the mandibular teeth was observed in girls with CPP.

Craniofacial Morphology in Twins with Cleft Lip and Palate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuula Laatikainen ◽  
Reijo Ranta ◽  
Rolf Nordström
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Single Birth

The craniofacial morphology of 11 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 28 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) Finnish twins, discordant or concordant for cleft of the lip (CL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), or cleft palate only (CP) were investigated by means of lateral cephalometric radiographs. The results were compared to those of age-, sex-, and cleft-type matched single-birth cleft subjects, and also with normative data from the Nordic population. The co-twins with no cleft lip or palate (NONC) showed only slightly more obtuse gonial and steeper mandibular angles compared to normative data. Twins with CL, UCLP or CP had a more retrusive mandible, a wider cranial base and mandibular angle, and a wider angle between the maxilla and mandible than did the single-birth cleft subjects. Comparison of the noncleft twin group with the CL, UCLP, and CP twin groups for the CL twins showed no significant differences. For the UCLP twins, a more retrusive and down- and backward rotation of both jaws, a wider gonial angle, and a wider cranial base angle was seen. The CP twins had their maxillae slightly retrusive, the down- and backward rotation of both jaws was apparent, and the gonial angle was more obtuse. A comparison between the noncleft MZ and noncleft CDZ twins showed no significant differences. The MZ CP twins had a more retrusive mandible and more down- and backward rotation of both jaws than did DZ CP twins. It thus can be suggested that twinning itself does not seem to have an effect on maxillofacial morphology, but the features of the mandibular structure, the cranial base angulation, and the inclination of the jaws are at least partly genetically induced.

The Parental Craniofacial Morphological Features in Chinese Patients with Sporadic Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-wei Lu ◽  
Bing Shi ◽  
Huai-qing Chen ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Tian Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Craniofacial Features ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
Student’S T

Objective: To evaluate the parental craniofacial morphology in Chinese patients with sporadic nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate. Methods: A total of 98 parental pairs of nonsyndromic unilateral incomplete cleft lip children, 207 parental pairs of nonsyndromic complete cleft lip and palate children, and 206 normal persons from Sichuan University were involved in this study. A conventional cephalometric analysis was used to measure angles, linear distances, and their ratios. Two-sample Student's t tests and a multivariate discriminant analysis were applied to the data. Results: Data indicate that the unaffected parents of nonsyndromic cleft lip children had on average significantly more acute cranial base angle (Angle N-S-Ba) and larger nasal width (NC-NC′) (p < .01). The healthy parents of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate children consistently displayed a more acute cranial base angle (Angle N-S-Ba), shorter palatal length (A- PNS) and maxillary length (PNS-ANS), a more obtuse gonial angle (Angle Me-Go-Ar), and a larger y-axis length (S-Gn) and nasal width (NC-NC′) (p < .01). Conclusions: All these results indicate that the healthy parents of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate show distinct characteristics in craniofacial morphology. These parental craniofacial features are more obvious in patients with cleft lip with palate than those with cleft lip only. In general, the characteristics seem to be more distinct in the fathers than in the mothers of cleft patients.

Craniofacial Morphology in Adult Patients with Unoperated Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Gabriel Da Silva Filho ◽  
Rita De Cássia Moura Carvalho Lauris ◽  
Leopoldino Capelozza Filho ◽  
Gunvor Semb
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
And Gender

Objective This report is a retrospective study that compares the craniofacial morphology of adult subjects with unoperated bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with that of a noncleft group. Methods The study was performed on standardized lateral cephalograms obtained at the Hospital for Research and Rehabilitation of Cleft Lip and Palate, University of São Paulo, Brazil. The research group consisted of 28 subjects (20 males, 8 females) with unoperated BCLP, ranging in age from 15 to 41 years. The control group was matched to the cleft group with regard to gender and age. The findings were analyzed on the basis of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for cleft and gender. Results The most striking difference between the groups was the extremely prominent premaxilla in the cleft group that gave the BCLP face a very convex profile. The mandible exhibited a vertical growth pattern that resulted in a steep mandibular plane, an obtuse gonial angle and a long lower face height. The posterior face height was reduced. The cranial base dimensions were smaller, but there was no difference in cranial base angulation. Conclusions These findings confirm that in subjects with unoperated BCLP, the initial characteristics of the cleft malformation persist during growth.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation of Children with Allergic Rhinitis and Mouth Breathing

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Afonso Agostinho ◽  
Ivo Álvares Furtado ◽  
Francisco Salvado e Silva ◽  
Josep Ustrell Torrent
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mouth Breathing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Orthodontists frequently treat children with mouth breathing. The purpose of the present study was to examine dental positions, skeletal effects and the pharyngeal airway space of children with chronic allergic rhinitis, when compared with a control group exhibiting a normal breathing pattern.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Seventy Caucasian children from Santa Maria University Hospital - North Lisbon Hospital Center were evaluated, between September 2009 and February 2013. The study group comprised of 35 children with chronic allergic rhinitis, both genders, aged 5 - 14, with positive reaction to allergens, mouth breathing and malocclusion. The control group was composed of 35 children, both genders, displaying normal nasal breathing and malocclusion, who resorted to the orthodontic department. Measures of Ricketts, Steiner and McNamara’s analysis were used and the t- Student test was applied to the data obtained.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Statistically significant differences were observed between the oral and nasal breathers, respectively: lower facial height (49.1/45.9 mm), Frankfurt – mandibular plane angle (30.1/26.9º) and Sela-Nasion - oclusal plane angle (17.3/15º), maxillary length (78.4/82.4 mm), mandibular length (102.4/107 mm), overbite (0.8/3.1mm) and overjet (4/4.7 mm).<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Comparison between the allergic rhinitis and control group showed that there is an increased lower facial height, larger Frankfurt – mandibular plane angle and Sela-Nasion oclusal plane angle in children with chronic allergic rhinitis. This group also had a shorter maxillary and mandibular length, less overbite and decreased upper airway space.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Children with allergic rhinitis and mouth breathing have longer faces, shorter maxillas and mandibles and a narrowed pharyngeal airway space. No statistical differences between the groups in sagital relationships or in dental inclinations were found.</p>

Characteristics of Jaw Growth in Cleidocranial Dysplasia

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ishii ◽  
Ib Leth Nielsen ◽  
Karin Vargervik
Keyword(s):  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Cleidocranial Dysplasia ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Group A ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Group B

Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to assess craniofacial morphology in young and adult individuals with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Design Craniofacial morphology in young individuals (primary dentition) and in young adults was compared with control data using ratios and angles obtained from lateral head films. Setting The CCD individuals were referred to the Center for Craniofacial Anomalies for diagnostic workup and treatment recommendations. Subjects The sample consisted of 14 Caucasians. The inclusion criterion for the young, prepubertal group (A) was complete primary dentition, and for the adult, postpubertal group (B), the eruption of all four first molars was required. Interventions No treatment other than extraction or surgical removal of selected primary or supernumerary teeth was performed. Results Both groups showed significantly smaller anterior upper face height compared with controls. Group B subjects demonstrated significantly smaller face height values than the controls in the A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle, facial axis, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane/mandibular plane angle, and gonial angle. No significant differences were found between group A individuals and the controls for these measurements. The older group had shorter anterior lower face height compared with both anterior upper face height and posterior lower face height. Conclusions Whereas young CCD subjects showed relatively normal jaw proportions and morphology of the mandible, older CCD individuals tended to have short lower face height, acute gonial angle, anterior inclination of the mandible, and mandibular prognathism. These differences can be attributed to pronounced horizontal mandibular growth resulting from lack of vertical maxillary growth and impaired eruption of permanent teeth.

scholarly journals Retrognathic maxilla in individuals born with oral clefts is due to intrinsic factors and not only due to early surgical treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Helena W. Lacerda ◽  
Alexandre R. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Position

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine if the skeletal form of individuals born with oral clefts was associated with maxillary position. Materials and Methods Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 90 individuals 8 to 12 years old born with or without cleft lip and palate paired by age and sex were used. Skull base length, cranial base angle, cranial deflection angle, and maxillary skeletal length and position were studied. Also, mandibular skeletal length and position, lower anterior facial height, and dental position were defined. Individuals were divided into three groups: 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (UCLP Class III), 30 individuals born with cleft lip and palate with Class I malocclusion (UCLP Class I), and 30 individuals born without cleft lip and palate with Class III malocclusion (non-cleft Class III). Results When comparing the UCLP Class III group with the UCLP Class I group, there were differences in maxillary position (P &lt; .001) and mandibular position (P = .004) found. No differences were found when comparing the UCLP Class III group with the non-cleft Class III group. Conclusions There are intrinsic factors that affect craniofacial morphology of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.

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