scholarly journals The maxillary incisor display at rest: analysis of the underlying components

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jeelani ◽  
Mubassar Fida ◽  
Attiya Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maxillary incisal display is one of the most important attributes of smile esthetics. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between maxillary incisal display at rest (MIDR) and various soft tissue, hard tissue and dental components. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 subjects (75 males, 75 females) aged 18-30 years. The MIDR was recorded from the pretreatment orthodontic records. The following parameters were assessed on lateral cephalograms: ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, palatal plane angle, lower anterior and total anterior facial heights, upper incisor inclination, upper anterior dentoalveolar height, and upper lip length, thickness and protrusion. The relationship between MIDR and various skeletal, dental and soft tissue components was assessed using linear regression analyses. Results: The mean MIDR was significantly greater in females than males (p = 0.011). A significant positive correlation was found between MIDR and ANB angle, mandibular plane angle and lower anterior facial height. A significant negative correlation was found between MIDR and upper lip length and thickness. Linear regression analysis showed that upper lip length was the strongest predictor of MIDR, explaining 29.7% of variance in MIDR. A multiple linear regression model based on mandibular plane angle, lower anterior facial height, upper lip length and upper lip thickness explained about 63.4% of variance in MIDR. Conclusions: Incisal display at rest was generally greater in females than males. Multiple factors play a role in determining MIDR, nevertheless upper lip length was found to be the strongest predictor of variations in MIDR.

scholarly journals Effects of Two-Phase Treatment with the Herbst and Preadjusted Edgewise Appliances on the Upper Airway Dimensions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woei Li Koay ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Christine Shuk Kwan Tse ◽  
Min Gu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Airway Dimensions ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Aims. To assess the effects of two-phase treatment with the Herbst and the preadjusted edgewise appliances on upper airway dimensions and to investigate the correlation between changes in the upper airway dimensions and skeletal morphologies.Methods. A total of 27 Chinese male adolescents aged12.8±1.3years were selected. Lateral cephalograms were collected to assess the skeletal morphology and upper airway dimensions.Results. Following Herbst appliance treatment, the upper airway space was significantly enlarged, with the retropalatal (U-MPW) increasing by1.1±1.6 mm (P<0.001), the retroglossal (PASmin) increasing by1.3±2.9 mm (P<0.05), and the hypopharynx (V-LPW) enlarging by1.6±3.0 mm (P<0.01). PASmin was found to show a negative correlation to the mandibular plane angle (MnPl-SN) byr=-0.413(P<0.05). There was no significant change (P>0.05) in upper airway dimensions during the second-phase treatment.Conclusions. Herbst appliance treatment increased the oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway dimensions among adolescents with Class II malocclusion, and the effects were maintained throughout the second treatment phase with a preadjusted edgewise appliance. There was a negative correlation between the change in the depth of the retroglossal pharynx and the mandibular plane angle.

Craniomaxillofacial Changes Using High-Pull J-Hook Headgear and Mini-Implant Anchorage in Adolescents: A Structural Superimposition Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-440
Author(s):  
Sunock Yun ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Na-Young Chang ◽  
Hye Young Seo ◽  
Jae-Hyun Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Implant Anchorage ◽  
Stable Structures

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the craniomaxillofacial changes when using high-pull J-hook headgear (HPJH) and mini-implants (MIs) as maxillary anchorage in adolescents. Study Design: 40 female adolescents with dentoalvolar protrusion were divided into 2 groups; the HPJH group (n=20) and the MI group (n=20). Lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0) and after anterior tooth retraction (T1) were superimposed on the stable structures and then craniomaxillofacial changes were evaluated. Results: The cranial base angle, SNB, and facial angle decreased in the HPJH group but increased in the MI group. ANB decreased more in the MI group than in the HPJH group. Mandibular plane angle increased in the HPJH group but decreased in the MI group. Facial height index increased in the MI group while it showed no change in the HPJH group. Mandibular true rotation occurred clockwise in the HPJH group and counterclockwise in the MI group. Maxillary central incisors were intruded and retracted more in the MI group than in the HPJH group. Maxillary first molars were extruded in the HPJH group and were intruded in the MI group. Maxillary first molars were protracted more in the HPJH group than in the MI group. Mandibular central incisors were retracted more in the HPJH group than the MI group. Mandibular first molars were extruded more in the MI group than in the HPJH group. Conclusion: More favorable craniomaxillofacial changes occurred in the MI group than in the HPJH group.

scholarly journals Which Hard and Soft Tissue Factors Relate with the Amount of Buccal Corridor Space during Smiling?

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Hyung Yang ◽  
Dong-Seok Nahm ◽  
Seung-Hak Baek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Factors ◽  
Buccal Corridor

Abstract Objective: To investigate which hard and soft tissue factors relate with the amount of buccal corridor area (BCA) during posed smiling. Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 92 adult patients (19 men and 73 women; 56 four first bicuspids extraction and 36 nonextraction treatment cases; mean age = 23.5 years), who were treated only with a fixed appliance and finished with Angle Class I canine and molar relationships. To eliminate the crowding effect on the buccal corridor area, lateral cephalograms, dental casts, and standardized frontal posed smile photographs were obtained at debonding stage and 28 variables were measured. Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and independent t-test were used to find variables that were related with buccal corridor area ratio (BCAR). Results: Among the lateral cephalometric and dental cast variables, FMA, lower anterior facial height, upper incisor (U1) exposure, U1 to facial plane, lower incisor (L1) to mandibular plane, L1 to N-B, Sn (subnasale) to soft tissue menton (Me′), Sn to stomodium superius (stms), stms to Me′, and interpremolar width were significantly negatively correlated with BCAR. Occlusal plane inclination and buccal corridor linear ratio did not show any significant correlation with BCAR. Multiple linear regression analysis generated a three-variable model: Sn to Me′, U1 exposure, and sum of tooth material (STM) (R2 = 0.324). There was no significant difference in BCAR between extraction and nonextraction groups. Conclusions: To control the amount of BCA for achieving a better esthetic smile, it is necessary to observe the vertical pattern of the face, amount of upper incisor exposure, and sum of the tooth material.

scholarly journals Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Girish ◽  
GC Ramesh ◽  
MC Pradeep ◽  
G Arun Kumar ◽  
BS Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives Orthodontists generally agree that nonextraction treatment is associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in the lower anterior face height (LAFH). They also agree that extraction line of treatment is associated with upward and forward rotation of the mandible and decrease in the LAFH. The intent of this cephalometric investigation was to examine the wedge hypothesis, that the vertical dimension collapses after first bicuspid extraction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cephalometric overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. Materials and methods Forty-five adult patients having high mandibular plane angle, i.e. Gogn – SN more than or equal to 32° having class I molar and canine relation were included. Preand post-treatment lateral cephalograms were measured and compared to analyze the cephalometric changes. Results There was no decrease in the overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases. Clinical significance The facial complex does increase in size with growth, but mandibular plane while moving inferiorly, remain essentially parallel to its pretreatment position due to residual growth and treatment mechanics. Conclusion The study concluded that, There was no decrease in the vertical facial dimension, overbite and mandibular plane angle. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given the small sample size. How to cite this article Ramesh GC, Pradeep MC, Kumar GA, Girish KS, Suresh BS. Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):812-818.

scholarly journals Cephalometric Profile of Bangladeshis: Tweed’s Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Hasan Md Rizvi ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Facial Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

Introduction Tweed’s diagnostic triangle is simple yet provides a definite guideline in treatment planning. The aim of the present study was to establish the Tweed’s norms for Bangladeshi people. Methods The study was conducted for 89 Bangladeshi young adults (45 males and 44 females), aged 19–27 years, having balanced and harmonious facial profiles. Lateral cephalograms taken of these subjects were used for a series of morphometric analyses. Results All three angular parameters Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), Frankfort-mandibular incisal angle (FMIA), incise mandibular plane angle (IMPA)were measured and found to be 24.52°, 54.60°, and 100.88°, respectively. The mean FMA has been found to be 24.52° (with a range of 14°–36°) which is quite close to Tweed’s norm and found to be statistically insignificant. However, IMPA and FMIA values of Bangladeshis found to be statistically significantly different from that of the Caucasians. The linear regression equation of IMPA on FMA was fitted, and the estimated value of IMPA was computed for a given FMA. Conclusion The results support the idea that treatment objectives of IMPA should be considered according to the facial pattern, i.e., FMA. Ethnic variations of norms cannot be overlooked while outlining goals and planning the treatment.

scholarly journals Dental, skeletal and soft tissue effects of the Distal Jet appliance: A prospective clinical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Simões Reis ◽  
José F. C. Henriques ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Wilana Moura
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Tissue Effects ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Maxillary Incisors ◽  
Distal Jet ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the dental, skeletal and soft tissue effects in Class II malocclusion patients treated with Distal Jet appliance, compared to an untreated control group. Methods: 44 patients with Class II malocclusion were divided into two groups: Group 1 (experimental) - 22 patients, mean age of 12.7 years, treated with the Distal Jet appliance for a mean period of 1.2 years; Group 2 (control) - 22 untreated patients, mean age of 12.2 years, followed by a mean period of 1.2 years. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T0) and at the end of the distalization (T1).Independent t test was used to identify intergroup differences. Results: When compared to control group, the Distal Jet produced a significant increase in mandibular plane angle (0.7 ± 2.0o). The maxillary second molars presented distal inclination (6.6 ± 3.8o), distalization (1.1 ± 1.1 mm) and extrusion (1.3 ± 2.1 mm). The maxillary first molars distalized by 1.2 ± 1.4 mm. The maxillary first premolars mesialized by 3.4 ± 1.1 mm. The maxillary incisors showed slight labial tipping of 4.3 ± 4.7o and were protruded by 2.4 ± 1.7 mm. There were no significant changes in the facial profile. The overjet increased 1.5 ± 1.1 mm and overbite had no significant changes. Conclusion: The Distal Jet appliance is effective to distalize the maxillary first molars, but promotes increase in mandibular plane angle, distal inclination, extrusion and distalization of maxillary second molars, mesialization of maxillary first premolars, proclination and protrusion of maxillary incisors, and increase in overjet, when compared to a control group.

Craniofacial Morphology of Adult Unoperated Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopoldino Capelozza ◽  
Sheyla Miki Taniguchi ◽  
Omar Gabriel Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

The craniofacial morphology of 26 white unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (13 males, 13 females) was analyzed with cephalometry and compared with a control (normal) group. The results show that in the cleft group, the maxilla is smaller and more protruded, the lower anterior facial height is much larger, and the mandible shows well-defined differences (body, ramus, gonial angle, and mandibular plane angle).

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of various cephalometric parameters for the assessment of vertical growth pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheen Ahmed ◽  
Attiya Shaikh ◽  
Mubassar Fida
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern ◽  
Mandibular Plane Angle

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple cephalometric analyses are used to diagnose vertical skeletal facial discrepancy. A multitude of times, these parameters show conflicting results, and a specific diagnosis is hard to reach. Objective: Hence, this study aimed to identify the skeletal analysis that performs best for the identification of vertical skeletal pattern in borderline cases. Methods: The sample consisted of 161 subjects (71 males and 90 females; mean age = 23.6 ± 4.6 years). Y-axis, Sella-Nasion to mandibular plane angle (SN.MP), maxillary plane to mandibular plane angle (MMA), Sella-Nasion to Gonion-Gnathion angle (SN.GoGn), Frankfort to mandibular plane angle (FMA), R-angle and facial height ratio (LAFH.TAFH) were used to evaluate vertical growth pattern on lateral cephalograms. The subjects were divided into three groups (hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups), as indicated by the diagnostic results of the majority of parameters. Kappa statistics was applied to compare the diagnostic accuracy of various analyses. To further validate the results, sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) for each parameter were also calculated. Results: SN.GoGn showed a substantial interclass agreement (k = 0.850). In the hypodivergent group, MMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.934), whereas FMA showed the highest PPV (0.964). In the normodivergent group, FMA showed the highest sensitivity (0.909) and SN.GoGn had the highest PPV (0.903). SN.GoGn showed the highest sensitivity (0.980) and PPV (0.87) in the hyperdivergent group. Conclusions: SN.GoGn and FMA were found to be the most reliable indicators, whereas LAFH.TAFH is the least reliable indicator in assessing facial vertical growth pattern. Hence, the cephalometric analyses may be limited to fewer analyses of higher diagnostic performance.

scholarly journals Cephalometric characteristics of postorthodontic female patients with attractive and unattractive frontal posed smiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Yuka Kawashima ◽  
Kyoko Kure ◽  
Kazuhito Arai
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Dental Measurements

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify differences in skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue morphology between postorthodontic patients with attractive and unattractive frontal posed smiles. Materials and Methods: The attractiveness of close-up photographs of frontal posed smiles in 100 adult female patients after conventional orthodontic treatment was evaluated by 20 dental students (10 men, 10 women) using a visual analogue scale. Posttreatment cephalograms of the 20 patients with the most attractive smiles (attractive group; mean age 23.75 ± 3.35 years) and the 20 patients with least attractive smiles (unattractive group; mean age 23.11 ± 4.45 years) were selected, and 41 measurements were made and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test (P &lt; .05). Results: When compared with the attractive group, the unattractive group exhibited greater values for sella-nasion plane to mandibular plane, palatal plane to mandibular plane, anterior facial height, lower facial height, and lower facial height/anterior facial height as skeletal measurements; for occlusal plane to sella-nasion plane, palatal plane to occlusal plane, and maxillary central incisor to palatal plane as dental measurements; and for lower face, upper lip length, and upper lip superior to palatal plane as soft-tissue measurements. Conclusions: Cephalometric analysis revealed that postorthodontic Japanese female patients with unattractive frontal posed smiles are characterized by a hyperdivergent skeletal pattern with extruded maxillary incisors and a steep occlusal plane, accompanied by a longer upper lip than patients achieving attractive posed frontal smiles.

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