Association between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and neurodevelopmental outcomes among offspring

Purpose To compare the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children conceived via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and those conceived naturally. Materials and methods A population-based cohort study using data retrieved from the Taipei Medical University Research Database (TMURD) from January, 2004 to August, 2016. The data included maternal pregnancy history, perinatal history and developmental follow up of their babies up to 5 years of age. The study included 23885 children, of whom 23148 were naturally conceived and 737 were conceived via ICSI. Neurodevelopmental disorders defined by 21 ICD-9-CM codes. Results Of the 23885 children enrolled for analysis, 2778 children were included for further subgrouping analysis after propensity matching to reduce bias from maternal factors. The single-birth group included 1752 naturally conceived (NC) children and 438 ICSI children. The multiple-birth group included 294 NC and 294 ICSI children. The risk of neurodevelopmental disorders was not increased for ICSI children in both groups (single birth: adjusted hazard ratio aHR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.39–1.27, p = 0.243; multiple-birth group aHR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.43–1.35, p = 0.853). In the single-birth group, multivariate analyses showed that male sex (aHR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.29–2.54, p < 0.001), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aHR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.64–5.86, p < 0.001) were risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. In the multiple-birth group, multivariate analyses demonstrated that ICU admission (aHR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.82–7.04, p < 0.001), was risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusion Our study indicated that the use of ICSI does not associated with higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. But male sex, and ICU admission do have increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, long term follow up of this cohort on health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood will strengthen the conclusions that ICSI is safe regarding offspring long term outcome.

Pengaruh Tipe Kelahiran terhadap Produksi Susu, Lama Laktasi, Masa Kering, Masa Kosong, dan Selang Beranak Kambing Saanen

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of Saanen doe goats’ birth types on milk yields,lactation length, dry period, days open and kidding interval at PT Fajar Taurus. This research employeda case study method using secondary data of production and reproduction of Saanen doe goats. Datawas analysed using Microsoft Excel program and Kruskal Wallis test. The results showed percentages ofSaanen doe goats with single, twinning and triplets birth are 47.94%, 39.73% and 12.33% respectively.Milk yields for single birth was 1,14±0,43 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 286.43±119.73 days, dryperiod of 68.89±18.57 days, days open of 205.31±117.67 days, and kidding interval of 355.31±117.67days. Milk yields for twinning birth was 1.32±0.49 litres/goat/day, lactation length of 270±219.43 days,dry period of 69.10±17.52 days, days open of 189.10±227.22 days, and kidding interval of 339.10±227.22days. Meanwhile, milk yields for triplets birth was 0.93±0.40 litres/goat/day, lactation length of360±228.97 days, dry period of 66.67±23.78 days, days open of 276.67±240.38 days, and kidding intervalof 426.67±240.38 days. There is nonsignificant effect of birth types on milk yields, lactation length, daysopen and kidding interval in Saanen doe goats (P>0.05). However, birth types were found to have asignificant effect on dry period (P<0.05).

Milk yield and rectal temperature in West African Dwarf goats as affected by wattle and litter size

This study was conducted to investigate milk yield and rectal temperature in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats as affected by wattle and litter size. A total of 28 lactating does were used for the experiment. 13 does had wattle (bilateral) while 15 had no wattle. 14 does had twin birth while the other 14 had single birth. The goats were fed at 5% body weight with combination of concentrate and grass (Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum) in ratio 50:50 twice per day in the morning and evening (zero grazing). The lactating does were hand milked once per day (08.00) and thrice per week for the period of 12 weeks. The goats were housed in cross ventilated pens with slatted floor. Rectal temperature was taken after milking of each animals using digital thermometer. Data collected were analysed using SAS (2010) in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that wattle and litter size had significant effect on milk yield and rectal temperature in WAD goats. Wattled animals produce significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield of 297.72 g/day compared to their non wattled counterparts (255.11 g/day). Animals with wattle however had higher rectal temperature of 39.35°C compared to animals without wattle (39.23°C). Also twin littered does produced daily milk milk yield of 292.74 g/day significantly (P<0.05) higher than single littered counterparts (257.04 g/day). The interaction between wattle and litter size showed that there was no significant difference in daily milk yield in wattled animals regardless of the litter size. However, in non-wattle animals, does with twin birth produced daily milk yield of 283 g/day significantly (P<0.05) higher than 235 g/day for does with single birth. Also, wattled does with single birth had significantly (P<0.05) higher rectal temperature of 39.43°C when compared with wattled does with twin birth. However, in non wattle animals, does with single birth had significantly lower rectal temperature of 39.18°C as compared with does with twin birth (39.29°C). It was concluded that WAD goats with wattle and twin birth produces more milk than those without wattle and single birth. Therefore, WAD goats with wattle should be selected for lactation purpose especially those with twin birth.

Galectin-1 expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction and its significance

Background This study aims to investigate galectin-1 (Gal-1) expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its significance. Methods Thirty-one pregnant women with single-birth FGR but without comorbidities, eight pregnant women with FGR and preeclampsia (PE), and eight pregnant women with FGR and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were enrolled as the study group, while 20 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy in the same period were enrolled as the control group. The serum Gal-1 level was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Gal-1 expression in the placenta was detected by western blot. Results The results revealed that, compared with the control group, the serum Gal-1 level decreased in the women with FGR without comorbidities, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the difference in serum Gal-1 expression in the FGR-PE group was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). The peripheral serum Gal-1 level decreased in the FGR-GDM group compared with the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The serum Gal-1 level was positively correlated with birth weight (r2 = 0.172, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the Gal-1 expression level decreased in the placenta of the pregnant women with FGR without comorbidities (P < 0.05). Conclusions Gal-1 exhibits low expression in the serum and placenta of pregnant women with FGR. In addition, Gal-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of FGR and could represent a new diagnostic marker of the disease.

Kıl Keçilerinde Üreme Mevsiminde Kızgınlık Senkronizasyonu Uygulamasının Döl Verimi ve Doğum Ağırlığı Üzerine Etkisi

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of oestru synchronization on the fertility of hair goats during the breeding season. Animal material of this experiment consisted of 200 heads of hair goats between 3 and 5 years of age. The animals were divided into two groups, (Control group, KG, n = 100; Oestrus synchronization group, KS, n = 100). The animals in the KS group received intravaginal sponges containing 30 mg flugestone acetate which removed after 12 days and 500 IU of PMSG/per animal administered IM. The animals in both groups were mated using bucks for 4 days. The single birth rate was 72% in the KG and 35% in the KS group. Fecundity and litter size were 1.20 and 1.59 in the control group and 1.25 and 1.64 in the KS group, respectively. As a result, the application of oestrus synchronization in hair goats during the breeding season improved the fertility.

Consequences of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescence against the Risk of Hypertension in Adulthood

Population increase in adolescence are associated with increased overweight and obesity problems. If this problem not early intervention will have an impact on increasing hypertension prevalence and risk of death. This research aimed to explain the consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescent to hypertension in adults. The study used Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data with a retrospective cohort study. Adolescent BMI measurements on 2007 and the risk of hypertension on 2014. Population are all adolescents aged 10-20 years in 2007. Sample of 1,697 adolescent who randomly IFLS 2007 with the inclusion criteria: biological children and a single birth, children living with biological parents, children remain alive until adulthood on 2014. Multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The study found 8.1% women and 5.6% men were overweight and obes. In adulthood, there was a 45.4% incidence of hypertension. Incidence of hypertension in men (67.3%) more than women (26.8%). The multivariate model showed adolescence BMI affects the blood pressure after controlled the BMI adult, adolescence blood pressure, area of residence, and gender.Gender interacts with adolescence BMI. The risk of hypertension in adulthood based on overweight and obese in adolescent boys is 3 times and girls is 2 times.

PENGAMATAN PERTUMBUHAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWAH YANG DIPELIHARA INTENSIF DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

This study aims to observe the growth of Peranakan Etawah goats (PE goat) that are maintained intensive in Manokwari regency. The research material used was 50 PE goats that were born from 42 parents. The research method used is suvei with case study technique. The sample of pregnant goat used was taken by purposive sampling. The observed variables were birth weight, body weight 90 days and daily weight gain of goats studied. Data on the results of the study were analyzed using the t-test to compare growth of the goats observed by type of birth (single vs twin) and sex (male vs female). The results of statistical analysis showed that birth weight (3.01 ± 0.44 kg) and body weight 90 days (9.09 ± 1.77 kg) in single-birth-type PE goats were higher (P <0.05) than birth weight ( 2.76 ± 0.44kg) and body weight of 90 days (8.07 ± 1.67kg) in twin goat birth type. However, the single birth weight of single-birthed PE goats (65.58 ± 17.53g) was statistically not different (P> 0.05) with the multiple births (58.96 ± 19.23g). Also known that birth weight (3.16 ± 0.47 kg) and body weight 90 days (9.22 ± 1.77 kg) in male PE goats was higher (P <0.05) than birth weight (2.68 ± 0.29kg) and body weight 90 days (8.27 ± 1.71kg) in the female. While the weight of male goat PE (64.26 ± 18.86g) was statistically not different (P> 0.05) with the female (62.18 ± 17.79g).

Genetic polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN genes in crosses Peranakan Ongole cattle based on birth type in Central Java

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN Genes in Crossbred of Peranakan Ongole Cattle Based on Birth Type in Central Java. Improved productivity by crossing Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle to exotic beef cattle through AI mating is preferred by many farmers in Central Java. Fertility determines the ability of a cow to give birth. IGF1 gene is predicted to affect either twin or multiple births in cattle, whereas GH and OPN genes determine reproductive fertility. Genetic polymorphisms of these three genes were studied in the crossbred of PO cattle for single birth (S) as well as twin and multiple (M) births or their historical (M) ones from two districts in Central Java, from Sragen (S = 7 hd and M = 13 hd.) and from Kendal (S = 9 hd, and M = 16 hd.). Genetic polymorphisms were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) method using restriction enzymes of <em>Sna</em>BI (IGF1 gene), <em>MSp</em>I (GH gene), and <em>Bsr</em>I (OPN gene). IGF1|<em>Sna</em>BI locus in the observed crossbred PO did not have SNP polymorphism or monomorphic for single and twins or multiple births. In contrast, GH|<em>MSp</em>I and OPN|<em>Bsr</em>I loci were polymorphic with quite a high degree of diversity. In conclusion, the IGF1|<em>Sna</em>BI<em> </em>locus cannot be used to investigate possible genetic control of twins and multiple births, whilst GH|<em>MSp</em>I and OPN|<em>Bsr</em>I polymorphisms can be considered as initial information for selection on fertility traits in beef cattle.</p>

Effect of genotype and non-genetic factors on growth traits and survival rates in Turkish indigenous Hair goats and their first cross with Boer bucks

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype and non-genetic factors on the growth traits and survival rates of Turkish indigenous Hair goats (n=63) and their first crosses with Boer bucks (n=91), reared under a semi-intensive management system in the Van province of Turkey. The live weights of the kids at birth and on days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 were determined to be 3.64, 8.89, 13.99, 18.97, 23.62, 27.22 and 30.44 kg, respectively. The average daily gains in the pre-weaning, post-weaning and overall periods were 171.09, 136.43 and 148.34 g, respectively. The multiple-birth kids had lower survival rates than the single-birth kids (P>0.01). As a result, it may be recommended to Hair goat breeders in the region to use Boer bucks in cross-breeding in order to ensure a better growth performance from the kids; to apply a sustainable selection program; and to improve management conditions. In addition, the data obtained from this study may be used as a model for designing policies on Hair goat breeding in this region.