Anterior Cranial Base Morphology in Mice with Midfacial Retrusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lozanoff ◽  
Stefan Jureczek ◽  
Tracey Feng ◽  
Raj Padwal
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Mouse Mutant ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base

The role of the anterior cranial base in the morphogenesis of class III malocclusions remains uncertain. This study was conducted to determine whether morphologic deficiencies occur in the anterior cranial base in the Brachyrrhine (Br) mouse mutant showing severe midfacial retrusion, which is characteristic of a class III malocclusion. Crania from three groups of C3H/Hej, 3H1 Br/+, and 3H1+/+ mice, each consisting of 15 animals, were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days of age (total = 135). The anterior cranial base from each specimen was subjected to computerized reconstruction and ten landmarks were digitized from each model. The landmark configurations were compared using Procrustes analysis. Significant differences between models were determined at each age. In order to localize differences between forms, average landmark configurations derived from Procrustes analysis were subjected to finite-element analysis. Size-change values for the 3H1 Br/+ animals showed magnitudes that increased in an anteroposterior direction when compared to the 3H1 +/+ and C3H/Hej animals at all ages. The largest values were located posteriorly along the ossifying front of the presphenoid. In five of six comparisons, the size-change values separated into two distinct clusters. The posterior region of the anterior cranial base was divisible into two subclusters, one located superiorly and the other interiorly. These data suggest that midfacial retrusion in the Br mouse may be caused, in part, by growth deficiencies in the posterior region of the anterior cranial base, particularly the presphenoidal and sphenoethmoidal regions.

scholarly journals Morphometry of the Cranial Base in Subjects with Class III Malocclusion

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Singh ◽  
J.A. McNamara ◽  
S. Lozanoff
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion

Longitudinal Craniofacial Growth Patterns in Patients with Orofacial Clefts: Geometric Morphometrics

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Singh ◽  
Jasmin Rivera-Robles ◽  
Jaime de Jesus-Vinas
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Growth Guidance

Objective To demonstrate craniofacial developmental patterns in repaired cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP). Design Retrospective, longitudinal. Setting Center for Craniofacial Disorders, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Sample Males aged 9 to 17 years: 13 noncleft (NC) Class I occlusion (NCC1); 13 NC Class III malocclusion (NCC3); 12 CLP Class I occlusion (CLPC1); and 15 CLP Class III malocclusion (CLPC3). Main Outcome Measures Form changes (ages 10, 13, and 16 years), using finite-element scaling analysis. Results NCC1, 10 to 13 interval: 30% size increase in upper midface (p < .05), mental region (p < .01), mandibular body (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 35% size increase in bimaxillary region and ramus (p < .01). NCC3, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 40% size increase in posterior cranial base, upper midface, and mandible (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 30% size increase in bimaxillary region (p < .01), especially ramus. CLPC1, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 15% size increase in posterior cranial base (p < .01), midface (p < .05), and mandibular ramus (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 8% to 20% size increase in upper midface (p < .01), lower midface (p < .05), and mandible (p < .05). CLPC3, 10 to 13 interval: no significant changes; 13 to 16 interval: upper midface and cranial base show nonsignificant size decreases, but ramus showed size increase. Conclusions Noncleft and CLP Class 1 occlusion groups show similar craniofacial growth patterns. Noncleft Class III groups show excessive cranial and mandibular growth. Class III malocclusion in CLP patients is associated with clinically deficient craniomaxillary growth. Growth guidance may be indicated in children with CLP with unfavorable craniofacial growth patterns.

scholarly journals Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixiu Gong ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhendong Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate cranial base characteristics in malocclusions with sagittal discrepancies. Materials and Methods:  An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Results:  Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: −1.74, −0.53; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −3.30, −2.09; P &lt; .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: −3.33, −1.36; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −7.38, −4.05; P &lt; .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II patients showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I patients (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P &lt; .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P &lt; .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: −3.14, −0.93; P &lt; .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: −2.73, −0.68; P  =  .001 for NSAr) and Class II malocclusions (95% CI: −5.73, −1.06; P  =  .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: −6.11, −1.92; P &lt; .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I malocclusions (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P &lt; .001 for NSBa). Conclusions:  This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in Class III malocclusion than in Class I and Class II malocclusions, and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.

Treatment of Class III malocclusion: the key role of the occlusal plane

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Raymond ◽  
Olivier Matern ◽  
Bruno Grollemund ◽  
William Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion

scholarly journals Evaluation of facial soft-tissue values and craniofacial morphology in obese adolescent patients with different skeletal classes

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Ahmet Karaman ◽  
Esra Genc
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Mass Indexes

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial soft tissue and craniofacial morphological structures in adolescent obese individuals with different skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 292 adolescents examined under three groups based on their body mass indexes (BMIs) as obese, healthy, and overweight. The subjects were also categorized based on skeletal classes as Class I, Class II, and Class III. Results: The glabella, nasion, labiale inferius, labiomentale, and pogonion values of the female patients were significantly higher in obese group. In the obese and overweight groups, effective midfacial and mandibular length, anterior and posterior facial heights, and SN values of the females were higher than males. In the obese group, the mean effective midfacial and mandibular length (Co-A and Co-Gn), anterior and posterior facial heights (S-Go and N-Me), and anterior cranial base (SN) values were significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion: Soft-tissue thicknesses increase as BMI value increases. Craniofacial morphology reveals significant differences between BMI groups.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SOFT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN IDEAL OCCLUSION AND CLASS III MALOCCLUSION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Brigit Alphonsa Gervasis ◽  
Sharath Kumar Shetty ◽  
MaheshKumarY MaheshKumarY ◽  
Laxmi Sarvani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Nasal Fossa ◽  
Class I ◽  
Ideal Class ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

Introduction :Because of the close relationship between the pharynx and the dentofacial structures, a mutual interaction is expected to occur between the pharyngeal structures and the dentofacial pattern. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the nasopharyngeal characteristics in adults with Ideal occlusion and Class III malocclusion in Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 64 patients with Class III malocclusion and 96 subjects with Ideal Class I molar relation randomly selected from the patients visiting the department of orthodontics of various dental colleges in Dakshina Kannada district. Lateral cephalograms were manually traced, linear and area measurements were determined to dene the airway characteristics. Independent means t tests and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism and the correlations among the variables. Results: Nasal fossa length, lower pharyngeal dimension, and upper adenoid width were greater in the Class III malocclusion group. The cranial base showed signicant correlation with nasal fossa length in the Class III malocclusion group. Lower pharyngeal dimension was increased in Class III malocclusion group compared to Ideal Class I occlusion. Sexual dimorphism was also found within Ideal Class I occlusion and Class III Malocclusion groups. Conclusions : From analysing the data it was found that the nasopharynx in Class III malocclusion patients in Dakshina Kannada was characterised by an increased lower pharyngeal dimension, upper adenoid width, nasal fossa dimension and also smaller cranial base length.

scholarly journals Need for treatment in all skeletal class III cases – A dilemma ? A case report.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Monika Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Need For Treatment

AbstractSkeletal   malocclusion affects dental and facial tissues. A complicating factor for diagnosis  and treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion is its multifactorial etiology. Genetics play an important role in determining the facial morphology of an individual. Prediction of a skeletal class III based on  morphology can play an  important step in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This case report further supports the significant role of genetics in skeletal class III malocclusion. As seen in our case the skeletal class III if left untreated does not detiorate  but rather shows a decrease in ANB ie  anterioposterior  discrepancy. Hence the need for treatment should be analysed thoroughly in skeletal class III patients. 

scholarly journals Compensatory orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior crossbite

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Valladares Neto
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Orthodontic Movement ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Clinical Stability

INTRODUCTION: This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite. A short cranial base led to difficulties in establishing a cephalometric diagnosis. The patient's main complaint comprised esthetics of his smile and difficulties in mastication. METHODS: The patient did not have the maxillary first premolars and refused orthognathic surgery. Therefore, the treatment chosen was orthodontic camouflage and extraction of mandibular first premolars. For maxillary retraction, the vertical dimension was temporarily increased to avoid obstacles to orthodontic movement. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, ideal overjet and overbite were achieved. CONCLUSION: Examination eight years after orthodontic treatment revealed adequate clinical stability. This case report was submitted to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requirements to become a BBO diplomate.

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