scholarly journals Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixiu Gong ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhendong Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate cranial base characteristics in malocclusions with sagittal discrepancies. Materials and Methods:  An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Results:  Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: −1.74, −0.53; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −3.30, −2.09; P < .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: −3.33, −1.36; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −7.38, −4.05; P < .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II patients showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I patients (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P < .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P < .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: −3.14, −0.93; P < .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: −2.73, −0.68; P  =  .001 for NSAr) and Class II malocclusions (95% CI: −5.73, −1.06; P  =  .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: −6.11, −1.92; P < .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I malocclusions (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P < .001 for NSBa). Conclusions:  This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in Class III malocclusion than in Class I and Class II malocclusions, and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cranial Base Morphology of Pakistani Population in Skeletal Class I, II and III Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Faizan Alia ◽  
Rabia Aziz ◽  
Amna Malik ◽  
Hadiqa Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Jaw Position

 Introduction: Cranial Base integrate different patterns of growth in various regions of the skull such as the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, and the pharynx. Anteroposterior jaw position is thought to be affected by cranial base growth. Although scientific literature shows conflicting results regarding both positive and negative correlation between the cranial base and skeletal malocclusions. Materials & Method: 138 patients selected according to the Inclusion criteria were divided into three major categories depending upon ANB angle. Class I, class II group and class III group. Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken. Linear and Angular measurements were measured. All the data was entered in SPSS version 25 and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and by using inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and ANOVA test. Result: No significant differences were recorded between cranial base deflection angles (N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba) and malocclusions groups while Anterior cranial base length S-N was found to be maximum in class III and posterior cranial base length S-Ba was greater in class I. Conclusion: Cranial base angles N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation with three malocclusion groups i.e. Class I, Class II and Class III and their correlation was negative.

scholarly journals Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 40.e1-40.e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽  
Esam Halboub ◽  
Mona Salah Fayed ◽  
Amr Labib ◽  
Chrestina El-Saaidi
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Class I ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Posterior Crossbite ◽  
Electronic Search

Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.

Optimizing Outcomes in Emergency Room Thoracotomy: A 20-Year Experience in an Urban Level I Trauma Center

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gomez ◽  
Alison Fecher ◽  
Theresa Joy ◽  
Ivanesa Pardo ◽  
Lewis Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Level I

Emergency room thoracotomy (ERT) has remained a last resort tool of resuscitation in the management of patients with major trauma. The medical records of all patients undergoing ERT for penetrating chest trauma from January 1, 2000 through April 30, 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The data from this study were added to data collected in two previous studies conducted at our institution for meta-analysis. A total of 102 ERTs were performed. There were 28 Class I patients (27.4%), 58 Class II (56.8%), six Class III (5.8%), and 11 Class IV (10.7%). The number of ERTs performed on Class I patients has decreased from 58.3 per cent in the 1995 group to 35.4 per cent in the 1999 group. There was an overall survival of 7.8 per cent in the current period of review. Overall survival in the 1995 group was 2.5 per cent, 1999 was 2.7 per cent, and 2008 was 7.8 per cent. The majority of the survival benefit occurs in patients who have electrical activity and a blood pressure when examined in the emergency department (Class III and IV). We intend to do future prospective research to further clarify the Class II patients when evaluating the type of rhythm shown on electrocardiogram tracing to move away from the generic pulseless electrical activity category.

Longitudinal Craniofacial Growth Patterns in Patients with Orofacial Clefts: Geometric Morphometrics

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Singh ◽  
Jasmin Rivera-Robles ◽  
Jaime de Jesus-Vinas
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Growth Guidance

Objective To demonstrate craniofacial developmental patterns in repaired cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP). Design Retrospective, longitudinal. Setting Center for Craniofacial Disorders, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Sample Males aged 9 to 17 years: 13 noncleft (NC) Class I occlusion (NCC1); 13 NC Class III malocclusion (NCC3); 12 CLP Class I occlusion (CLPC1); and 15 CLP Class III malocclusion (CLPC3). Main Outcome Measures Form changes (ages 10, 13, and 16 years), using finite-element scaling analysis. Results NCC1, 10 to 13 interval: 30% size increase in upper midface (p < .05), mental region (p < .01), mandibular body (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 35% size increase in bimaxillary region and ramus (p < .01). NCC3, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 40% size increase in posterior cranial base, upper midface, and mandible (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 10% to 30% size increase in bimaxillary region (p < .01), especially ramus. CLPC1, 10 to 13 interval: 10% to 15% size increase in posterior cranial base (p < .01), midface (p < .05), and mandibular ramus (p < .05); 13 to 16 interval: 8% to 20% size increase in upper midface (p < .01), lower midface (p < .05), and mandible (p < .05). CLPC3, 10 to 13 interval: no significant changes; 13 to 16 interval: upper midface and cranial base show nonsignificant size decreases, but ramus showed size increase. Conclusions Noncleft and CLP Class 1 occlusion groups show similar craniofacial growth patterns. Noncleft Class III groups show excessive cranial and mandibular growth. Class III malocclusion in CLP patients is associated with clinically deficient craniomaxillary growth. Growth guidance may be indicated in children with CLP with unfavorable craniofacial growth patterns.

scholarly journals Evaluation of arch width among Class I normal occlusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III malocclusion in Indian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Nishit Mehta ◽  
Dolly Patel ◽  
Falguni Mehta ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Ipist Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

scholarly journals Malocclusion Pattern (Angle's) in Mauritian Orthodontic Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B. H. Durgesh ◽  
Prashanth Prakash ◽  
Ravikumar Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
Basavaraj Subashchandra Phulari ◽  
Abdul Aziz A. Al Kheraif
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Chinese Ethnicity ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Study Population

The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of malocclusion in different ethnic group of Mauritian population visiting the Orthodontic Department at Mauras College of Dentistry and Hospital, Republic of Mauritius. The study population comprised of 624 patients who visited the orthodontic department during 2010. The clinical examination was conducted by a well-calibrated orthodontist. The data were recorded in the case sheets and was analyzed for presence of angles class I, class II, and class III malocclusion in both male and female patients of Asian, African, Caucasian, and Chinese ethnicity aged 5–55 years. Malocclusion was found to be high in females compared to males. 414 patients (150 male + 264 female) presented with class I, 182 patients (52 male + 130 female) presented with class II, and 28 patients (12 male + 16 female) presented with class III. Asian ethnic group were more affected and patient seeking orthodontic treatment was high in 11–15 years age group.

scholarly journals Skull bone thickness versus malocclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
D. K. Mahamad Iqbal ◽  
Vivek B. Amin ◽  
Rohan Mascarenhas ◽  
Akther Husain
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skull Thickness

Objective The objectives of this study were to determine the thickness of skull bones, namely frontal, parietal, and occipital bones in Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Materials and Methods Three hundred subjects who reported to the Department of Orthodontics requiring orthodontic treatment within the age group 17-35 were selected for the study. They were subdivided into three groups of 100 each according to the skeletal and dental relation. Profile radiographs were taken and the tracings were then scanned, and uploaded to the MATLAB 7.6.0 (R 2008a) software. The total surface areas of the individual bones were estimated by the software, which represented the thickness of each bone. Result Frontal bone was the thickest in Class III malocclusion group and the thinnest in Class II malocclusion group. But the parietal and occipital bone thickness were not significant. During gender differentiation in Class I, malocclusion group frontal bone thickness was more in males than females, In Class II, malocclusion parietal bone thickness was more in males than females. No statistically significant difference exists between genders, in Class III malocclusion group. During inter-comparison, the frontal bone thickness was significant when compared with Class I and Class II malocclusion groups and Class II and Class III malocclusion groups. Conclusion The differences in skull thickness in various malocclusions can be used as an adjunct in diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients. It was found that the new method (MATLAB 7.6.0 [R 2008a] software) of measuring skull thickness was easier, faster, precise, and accurate.

Cranial Base Angle in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110535
Author(s):  
Chandnee Murugan ◽  
Vignesh Kailasam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background: Diverse findings have been reported for the cranial base angle (CBA) in patients with CLP (cleft lip and palate) and non-CLP controls. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate the CBA in patients with CLP and non-CLP controls. Methods: Data from PubMed, OVID Technologies, Inc., Cochrane, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE for Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) with relevant terms was extracted until December 31, 2020. Inclusion criteria were data of patients with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). In the case of UCLP and BCLP, patients with craniofacial syndromes were excluded. The study proposal was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42021228632). Results: Fifteen studies with a total of 2032 participants were included for the systematic review and 14 studies with a total of 1972 participants were included for the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the Modified Newcastle Ottawa scale under seven domains by two authors. Thirteen studies were graded as “good” and two as “satisfactory.” The CBA in patients with CLP were greater than the non CLP Class I controls in six of the 15 studies. CBA was greater in patients with CLP than non-CLP controls by 1.21° (95% CI of 0.19-2.22). Meta-analysis reported considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 86%). Anterior (ACB) and posterior cranial base (PCB) lengths were shorter in patients with CLP than in the non-cleft Class I controls by 2.14 mm (95% CI of 0.99-3.30) and 2.06 mm (95% CI of 1.52-2.60), respectively. Conclusion: Most studies were graded as good. Patients with CLP had greater CBA and shorter ACB and PCB lengths when compared to non-CLP controls.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SOFT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN IDEAL OCCLUSION AND CLASS III MALOCCLUSION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Brigit Alphonsa Gervasis ◽  
Sharath Kumar Shetty ◽  
MaheshKumarY MaheshKumarY ◽  
Laxmi Sarvani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Nasal Fossa ◽  
Class I ◽  
Ideal Class ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Tissue Characteristics

Introduction :Because of the close relationship between the pharynx and the dentofacial structures, a mutual interaction is expected to occur between the pharyngeal structures and the dentofacial pattern. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the nasopharyngeal characteristics in adults with Ideal occlusion and Class III malocclusion in Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 64 patients with Class III malocclusion and 96 subjects with Ideal Class I molar relation randomly selected from the patients visiting the department of orthodontics of various dental colleges in Dakshina Kannada district. Lateral cephalograms were manually traced, linear and area measurements were determined to dene the airway characteristics. Independent means t tests and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism and the correlations among the variables. Results: Nasal fossa length, lower pharyngeal dimension, and upper adenoid width were greater in the Class III malocclusion group. The cranial base showed signicant correlation with nasal fossa length in the Class III malocclusion group. Lower pharyngeal dimension was increased in Class III malocclusion group compared to Ideal Class I occlusion. Sexual dimorphism was also found within Ideal Class I occlusion and Class III Malocclusion groups. Conclusions : From analysing the data it was found that the nasopharynx in Class III malocclusion patients in Dakshina Kannada was characterised by an increased lower pharyngeal dimension, upper adenoid width, nasal fossa dimension and also smaller cranial base length.

scholarly journals Original Research. Correlation Between Cranial Base Morphology And Various Types Of Skeletal Anomalies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (s1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Irinel Panainte ◽  
Victor Suciu ◽  
Krisztina-Ildikó Mártha
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Division 2

Abstract Background: Previous studies regarding various types of malocclusions have found correlations between the angle of the base of the skull and prognathism. Aim of the study: This cephalometric study sought to investigate the function of the cranium base angle in different types of malocclusion on a group of Romanian subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-four cephalometric radiographs were selected from patients referred to orthodontic treatment. The cephalometric records were digitized, and with the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X5 software 22 landmarks have been marked on each radiograph. A number of linear and angular variables were calculated. Results: The angle of the base of the skull was found to be higher in Class II Division 1 subjects compared to the Class I group. The cranial base lengths, N-S and S-Ba, were significantly larger in both categories of Class II malocclusion than in Class I patients, but measurements were comparable in Class I and Class III. The SNA angle showed no considerable variation between Class I subjects and the other groups. SNA-SNP was significantly increased above Class I values in Class II Division1 and Class II Division 2 groups. No significant dissimilarities were observed for these lengths between Class I and Class III patients. Conclusions: The angle of the cranium base (S-N-Ba, S-N-Ar) does not have a major role in the progression of malocclusion. In Angle Class II malocclusion the SNA angle is increased, and SNB is increased in malocclusion Class III. The anterior skull base length is increased in Class II anomalies. The length of the maxillary bone base is increased in Class II malocclusions type; in Class III type of malocclusion the length of the mandible bone is increased.

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