scholarly journals Assessing the Flight Capabilities of the Goldspotted Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) With Computerized Flight Mills

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. Lopez ◽  
Michael N. McClanahan ◽  
Laurie Graham ◽  
Mark S. Hoddle
Keyword(s):  
Flight Mills ◽  
Goldspotted Oak Borer

scholarly journals Evidence for a pervasive ‘idling-mode’ activity template in flying and pedestrian insects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 150085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Reynolds ◽  
Hayley B. C. Jones ◽  
Jane K. Hill ◽  
Aislinn J. Pearson ◽  
Kenneth Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Movement Ecology ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Flight Mills ◽  
Innate Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Species

Understanding the complex movement patterns of animals in natural environments is a key objective of ‘movement ecology’. Complexity results from behavioural responses to external stimuli but can also arise spontaneously in their absence. Drawing on theoretical arguments about decision-making circuitry, we predict that the spontaneous patterns will be scale-free and universal, being independent of taxon and mode of locomotion. To test this hypothesis, we examined the activity patterns of the European honeybee, and multiple species of noctuid moth, tethered to flight mills and exposed to minimal external cues. We also reanalysed pre-existing data for Drosophila flies walking in featureless environments. Across these species, we found evidence of common scale-invariant properties in their movement patterns; pause and movement durations were typically power law distributed over a range of scales and characterized by exponents close to 3/2. Our analyses are suggestive of the presence of a pervasive scale-invariant template for locomotion which, when acted on by environmental cues, produces the movements with characteristic scales observed in nature. Our results indicate that scale-finite complexity as embodied, for instance, in correlated random walk models, may be the result of environmental cues overriding innate behaviour, and that scale-free movements may be intrinsic and not limited to ‘blind’ foragers as previously thought.

The effect of cold storage of mass-reared codling moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on subsequent flight capacity

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Matveev ◽  
J.J. Kwon ◽  
G.J.R. Judd ◽  
M.L. Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Flight Distance ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Flight Mills

AbstractFlight capacity of codling moths, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was measured with computer-linked flight mills following exposure to one of two temperature regimes. Codling moth adults were held for 24 hours before flight under either chilled (2 °C) or unchilled (24 °C) conditions. The chilling treatment emulated conditions that codling moths are exposed to pre-release in the Okanagan Sterile Insect Release (SIR) Programme. Moths were assayed on flight mills for eight hours to obtain a measure of flight capacity based on total flight distance. Energy use was assessed by weight loss during flight and post-flight body lipid content compared with similarly treated moths that did not fly. Flight distance did not vary with pre-flight temperature treatment, however moth pre-flight weight influenced flight capacity; heavier moths flew further. Moths chilled before the bioassay used less energy based on reduced weight loss and higher lipid content post bioassay as compared with unchilled moths. The current cold storage procedure used in the SIR Programme does not negatively influence subsequent flight capacity and reduces energy use during flight. Codling moths can fly on average between 7–10km in an eight-hour flight mill bioassay and lipids, at least in part, are used to fuel flight.

Pyemotes tritici (Acari: Pyemotidae): a parasitoid of Agrilus auroguttatus and Agrilus coxalis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the southwestern United States of America and southern Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W. Coleman ◽  
Michael I. Jones ◽  
Mark S. Hoddle ◽  
Laurel J. Haavik ◽  
John C. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Invasive Exotic Species ◽  
Goldspotted Oak Borer ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Agrilus Auroguttatus

AbstractThe straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici Lagrèze-Fossat and Montané (Acari: Pyemotidae), was discovered parasitising the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive exotic species to California, United States of America, and the Mexican goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), during surveys for natural enemies for a classical biological control programme for A. auroguttatus. Pyemotes tritici caused low levels of mortality to each species of flatheaded borer, but it will likely not be a good candidate for a biological control programme because it is a generalist parasitoid with deleterious human health effects.

scholarly journals Interaction between Varroa destructor and imidacloprid reduces flight capacity of honeybees

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1820) ◽  
pp. 20151738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Blanken ◽  
Frank van Langevelde ◽  
Coby van Dooremalen
Keyword(s):  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Flight Capacity ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Flight Mills ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Parasitic Mite

Current high losses of honeybees seriously threaten crop pollination. Whereas parasite exposure is acknowledged as an important cause of these losses, the role of insecticides is controversial. Parasites and neonicotinoid insecticides reduce homing success of foragers (e.g. by reduced orientation), but it is unknown whether they negatively affect flight capacity. We investigated how exposing colonies to the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid affect flight capacity of foragers. Flight distance, time and speed of foragers were measured in flight mills to assess the relative and interactive effects of high V. destructor load and a field-realistic, chronic sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid. Foragers from colonies exposed to high levels of V. destructor flew shorter distances, with a larger effect when also exposed to imidacloprid. Bee body mass partly explained our results as bees were heavier when exposed to these stressors, possibly due to an earlier onset of foraging. Our findings contribute to understanding of interacting stressors that can explain colony losses. Reduced flight capacity decreases the food-collecting ability of honeybees and may hamper the use of precocious foraging as a coping mechanism during colony (nutritional) stress. Ineffective coping mechanisms may lead to destructive cascading effects and subsequent colony collapse.

Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole distributions on Quercus agrifolia boles and a sampling method to estimate their density on individual trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel J. Haavik ◽  
Tom W. Coleman ◽  
Mary Louise Flint ◽  
Robert C. Venette ◽  
Steven J. Seybold
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Hole Density ◽  
Exit Hole ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Quercus Agrifolia ◽  
Goldspotted Oak Borer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Agrilus Auroguttatus

AbstractIn recent decades, invasive phloem and wood borers have become important pests in North America. To aid tree sampling and survey efforts for the newly introduced goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), we examined spatial patterns of exit holes on the boles (trunks) of 58 coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagaceae), trees at five sites in San Diego County, southern California, United States of America. Agrilus auroguttatus exit hole densities were greater at the root collar than at mid-boles (6.1 m above ground). Dispersion patterns of exit holes on lower boles (≤1.52 m) were random for trees with low exit hole densities and aggregated for trees with high exit hole densities. The mean exit hole density measured from three randomly chosen quadrats (0.09 m2) provided a statistically reliable estimate of the true mean exit hole density on the lower bole, with <25% error from the true mean. For future sampling and survey efforts in southern California oak forests and woodlands, exit hole counts within a 0.09 m2 quadrat could be made at any three locations on lower Q. agrifolia boles to accurately estimate A. auroguttatus exit hole densities at the individual tree level.

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