scholarly journals Local Search for Optimal Global Map Generation Using Mid-Decadal Landsat Images

AI Magazine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Khatib ◽  
Robert A. Morris ◽  
John Gasch
Keyword(s):  
Local Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Remote Sensor ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Generation Problem

NASA and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are collaborating to produce a global map of the Earth using Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) remote sensor data from the period of 2004 through 2007. The map is comprised of thousands of scene locations and, for each location, there are tens of different images of varying quality to chose from. Constraints and preferences on map quality make it desirable to develop an automated solution to the map generation problem. This paper formulates a Global Map Generator problem as a Constraint Optimization Problem (GMG-COP) and describes an approach to solving it using local search. The paper also describes the integration of a GMG solver into a graphical user interface for visualizing and comparing solutions, thus allowing for solutions to be generated with human participation and guidance.

scholarly journals Analysis Ready Data: Enabling Analysis of the Landsat Archive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dwyer ◽  
David Roy ◽  
Brian Sauer ◽  
Calli Jenkerson ◽  
Hankui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Data Provision

Data that have been processed to allow analysis with a minimum of additional user effort are often referred to as Analysis Ready Data (ARD). The ability to perform large scale Landsat analysis relies on the ability to access observations that are geometrically and radiometrically consistent, and have had non-target features (clouds) and poor quality observations flagged so that they can be excluded. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has processed all of the Landsat 4 and 5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) archive over the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, and Hawaii, into Landsat ARD. The ARD are available to significantly reduce the burden of pre-processing on users of Landsat data. Provision of pre-prepared ARD is intended to make it easier for users to produce Landsat-based maps of land cover and land-cover change and other derived geophysical and biophysical products. The ARD are provided as tiled, georegistered, top of atmosphere and atmospherically corrected products defined in a common equal area projection, accompanied by spatially explicit quality assessment information, and

scholarly journals Developing Sensor Proxies for “Chemical Cocktails” of Trace Metals in Urban Streams

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Carol J. Morel ◽  
Sujay S. Kaushal ◽  
Maggie L. Tan ◽  
Kenneth T. Belt
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Continuous Sensor

Understanding transport mechanisms and temporal patterns in the context of metal concentrations in urban streams is important for developing best management practices and restoration strategies to improve water quality. In some cases, in-situ sensors can be used to estimate unknown concentrations of trace metals or to interpolate between sampling events. Continuous sensor data from the United States Geological Survey were analyzed to determine statistically significant relationships between lead, copper, zinc, cadmium, and mercury with turbidity, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and discharge for the Hickey Run, Watts Branch, and Rock Creek watersheds in the Washington, D.C. region. We observed a significant negative linear relationship between concentrations of Cu and dissolved oxygen at Rock Creek (p < 0.05). Sometimes, turbidity had significant positive linear relationships with Pb and Hg concentrations. There were negative or positive linear relationships between Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg and specific conductance. There also appeared to be relationships between watershed areal fluxes of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd in streams with turbidity. Watershed monitoring approaches using continuous sensor data have the potential to characterize the frequency, magnitude, and composition of pulses in concentrations and loads of trace metals, which could improve the management and restoration of urban streams.

scholarly journals Detection of Land Use Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in a Secondary City in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-146
Author(s):  
Md. Lutfor Rahman ◽  
Syed Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Error Matrix ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Secondary City

This study aims at classifying land use land cover (LULC) patterns and detect changes in a 'secondary city' (Savar Upazila) in Bangladesh for 30 years i.e., from 1990 to 2020. Two distinct sets of Landsat satellite imagery, such as Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 1990 and Landsat 7 ETM+ 2020, were collected from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website. Using ArcMap 10.3, the maximum likelihood algorithm was used to perform a supervised classification methodology. The error matrix and Kappa Kat were done to measure the mapping accuracy. Both images were classified into six separate classes: Cropland, Barren land, Built-up area, Vegetation, Waterbody, and Wetlands. From 1990 to 2020, Cropland, Barren land, Waterbody, and Wetlands have been decreased by 30.63%, 11.26%, 23.54%, and 21.89%, respectively. At the same time, the Built-up area and Vegetation have been increased by 161.16% and 5.77%, respectively. The research revealed that unplanned urbanization had been practiced in the secondary city indicated by the decreases in Cropland, Barren land, Wetland, and Waterbody, which also showed direct threats to food security and freshwater scarcity. An increase in Vegetation (mostly homestead vegetation) indicates some environment awareness programs that encourage people to maintain homestead and artificial gardens. The study argues for the sustainable planning of a secondary city for a developing country's future development.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal analysis of land use dynamics and its potential indications on land surface temperature in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180661 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Ogunjobi ◽  
Y. Adamu ◽  
A. A. Akinsanola ◽  
I. R. Orimoloye
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat Images

Land use change is the main driving force of global environmental change and is considered as most central to various debates on sustainable development. Even though a large volume of literature materials is available on land use/land cover change for many areas, very little work has been done on land use and its implications on land surface thermal characteristics over the Sokoto area of Nigeria, despite the strategic importance of the zone, including urbanization, increased population as well as the climate in the area, which is dominated by warm harmattan wind blowing Sahara dust inland. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of urban growth on temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques over Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria between 1986 and 2016. The change detection of each land use class was carried out for each period using Landsat images obtained from the archives of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The results revealed that the area has undergone a drastic transformation where built-up area witnessed changes at 10.77%, farmland and vegetation increased at the rate of 0.72% and 2.15%, respectively, for the period of study (1986–2016). While bare soil and water body decreased at the rate of 0.56% and 1.11%, respectively, during the study period. This shows that there exists a transformation from bare surface (desert) to vegetated surface especially between years 2009 and 2016. The LST of Sokoto Metropolis was calculated from the satellite data, and the land surface temperature of each land use class was assessed for the study period. The maximum LST of Sokoto was 30.6°C, 32.8°C and 34.6°C for 1986, 1999 and 2016, respectively. This study has revealed the existence of a positive relationship between built-up area and LST over the area. This development might be as a result of anthropogenic activities through urban growth coupled with its potential impacts on urban climate. These are intensified by constant changes of the space, causing imbalance in the interactions between surface and atmosphere which may be extensively influenced or modified by various forms of land use.

scholarly journals The Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in a Spatiotemporal Analysis of Coastline Retreat in Rufisque, Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Cheikh Tidiane Koulibaly ◽  
Johnson O. Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Analysis System

This paper is aimed at analyzing the phenomenon of shoreline retreat in the locality of Rufisque from 1978 to 2018 mainly using geospatial data and field visits. A set of Landsat images from different dates at 10 year intervals was then acquired through the United States Geological Survey platform and shoreline change analysis was run using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. In addition to that desktop work, interactions with local residents allowed the determination of ongoing adaptation strategies actually in place to cope with coastal erosion. The study showed that Rufisque is subject to serious rates of erosion reaching −19.48 m/year from 1978–1988, close to −8 m/year from 1988–1998, −5.88 m/year from 1998–2008 and −6.67 m/year from 2008–2018. Beside that coastal erosion, it has been noticed that the coastline also experienced in some of its parts cases of accretion reaching 4.94 m/year for 1988–1998, 7.29 m/year from 1998–2008 and 7.68 m/year during the period 2008–2018. In terms of surfaces, Rufisque’ shoreline respectively lost 156.81 ha (1978–1988), 80.55 ha (1988–1998), 6.94 ha (1998–2008), 12.93 ha (2008–2018) and in the same note gained 2.86 ha (1988–1998), 32.51 ha (1998–2008) and 19.16 ha (2008–2018) attesting to the fact that the coastline is subject to both spatiotemporal changes. Finally, this study also reveals that while authorities’ reaction is taking place at much lower pace, local communities are actually using their ingenuity to put in place strategies to tackle coastal erosion.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Methods for Estimating Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 8-TIRS Sensor Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente García-Santos ◽  
Joan Cuxart ◽  
Daniel Martínez-Villagrasa ◽  
Maria Jiménez ◽  
Gemma Simó
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat 8

After Landsat 8 was launched in 2013, it was observed that for Thermal Infrared sensor (TIRS) bands, radiance from outside of an instrument’s field-of-view produced a non-uniform ghost signal across the focal plane that varied depending on the out-of-scene content (i.e., the stray light effect). A new stray light correction algorithm (SLCA) is currently operational and has been implemented into the United States Geological Survey (USGS) ground system since February 2017. The SLCA has also been applied to reprocess historical Landsat 8 scenes. After approximately two years of SLCA implementation, more land surface temperature (LST) validation studies are required to check the effect of correction in the estimation of LST from different retrieval algorithms. For this purpose, three different LST estimation method algorithms (i.e., the radiative transfer equation (RTE), single-channel algorithm (SCA), and split-window algorithm (SWA)) have been assessed. The study site is located on the campus of the University of Balearic Islands on the island of Mallorca (Spain) in the western Mediterranean Sea. The site is considered a heterogeneous area that is composed of different types of surfaces, such as buildings, asphalt roads, farming areas, sloped terrains, orange fields, almond trees, lawns, and some natural vegetation regions. Data from 21 scenes, which were acquired by the Landsat 8-TIRS sensor and extracted from a 100 × 100 m2 pixel, were used to retrieve the LST with different algorithms; then, they were compared with in situ LST measurements from a broadband thermal infrared radiometer located on the same Landsat 8 pixel. The results show good performances of the three methods, with the SWA showing the lowest observed RMSE (within 1.6–2 K), whereas the SCA applied to the TIRS band 10 (10 µm) was also appropriate, with a RMSE ranging within 2.0–2.3 K. The LST estimates using the RTE algorithm display the highest observed RMSE values (within 2.0–3.6 K) of all of the compared methods, but with an almost unbiased value of −0.1 K for the case of techniques applied to band 10 data. The SWAs are the preferred method to estimate the LST in our study area. However, further validation studies around the world are required.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis and Simulation of Human Vulnerability Based on Physical Factors of Riverbank Erosion Using RS and GIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayabur Rashid Chowdhury ◽  
Zia Ahmed ◽  
Sabina Islam ◽  
Shetu Akter ◽  
Shrinidhi Ambinakudige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Query Language ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
The United States ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Vulnerable Households

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the pattern of bank erosion and simulate the physical aspects of vulnerability in the lower Meghna River, Bangladesh using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS). The physical factors of vulnerability were analyzed using GIS-based Structured Query Language (SQL). A questionnaire survey, GPS survey and field observation survey were conducted for collecting the primary data in the study area. The secondary data were mainly satellite image collected from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website. Using time series Landsat images (MSS, TM and OLI-TIRS), this study analyzed 36 years of erosion and accretion process in the Mehendiganj Upazila region from 1980 to 2016. The result indicates that an enormous amount of land (4470.47 ha) was submerged by the river and average land loss rate was 124.18 ha/year. The study quantifies the number of vulnerable households beneath the present condition and how much it will be altered after a positive/negative change with the factors of vulnerability related to the households. Simulation data reveals that under the present physical condition, 43.88% of households were identified as severely vulnerable. The output of this study can be used in the classification of vulnerable households and for the improvement of the physical infrastructure development process near the erosion prone areas, also helps to mitigate environmental disaster in the developing countries.

Detecting change in Landsat time series with BFAST in the eastern Hindu Kush region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Akhtar Khan ◽  
Oliver Sass ◽  
Cyrus Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Environmental change is a trigger of land use change and possibly for migration in the eastern Hindu Kush mountains. Vegetation along the river valleys has undergone alterations by the impact of geomorphological processes and flood dynamics, but little research has been carried out to detect and map these changes. This study aims to close research gaps by detecting change within Landsat time series for the eastern Hindu Kush region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study area is approximately 25000 km&amp;#178; large and located in the highlands of northern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. It is part of upper Indus basin and is prone to natural hazards such as floods, glacial lake outbursts and landslides.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opening of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat data archive in 2008 led to the development of several satellite image-based time series methods for change detection. Among them, Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST) was developed in 2010 to detect changes in both trend and seasonal components of the time series. The BFAST tool iteratively decomposes the time series into trend, seasonal and remainder components. The changes in the trend component denote abrupt and gradual changes while changes in seasonal component represent phenological changes.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study we use Landsat data in time series analysis to detect change by using BFAST. All available Surface reflectance derived data is accessed from the Landsat data archive of USGS (World Reference System-2, Path 151 and Row 35) for the years 1988 to 2019. Data is acquired from the corresponding scenes of Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). It is processed to Landsat Level-2 Surface Reflectance Product by USGS and therefore has already undergone geo-referencing, atmospheric correction and detection of clouds and shadow. Data have spatial and temporal resolutions of 30 m and 16 days respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The BFAST approach was first tested on locations with a known history of change (e.g. floods) and then scaled up to the whole study area. The magnitude and timing of the change was detected and mapped for the study area. We expect that the findings of the research will benefit future local and regional risk studies.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Habitat Suitability Assessment of Wintering Herbivorous Anseriformes in Poyang Lake, China

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Megersa Tsegaye Debela ◽  
Qingming Wu ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Xueying Sun ◽  
Opelele Omeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Study Results

To design a good conservation strategy for herbivorous Anseriformes wintering in Poyang Lake, knowledge of habitat suitability is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the habitat suitability of herbivorous Anseriformes of China’s Poyang Lake. Landsat images with a resolution of 30 m downloaded from the United States Geological Survey, and other ancillary data were used. The ENVI 5.3 software and ArcGIS 10.2 software were used for preprocessing, classifying the satellite image, and mapping habitat suitability. The study reveals that land cover types were divided into vegetation, mudflats, water, and sand. Similarly, the study area’s habitats were also divided into unsuitable, fair, good, and best grades. However, the distribution of the habitat suitability for each grade reveals significant spatial variations. For instance, vegetation indicated the areas with the best habitat grade, followed by mudflats, and these areas cover (47.93%, 2015 and 55.78%, 2019) the majority of the study area. The unsuitable grades cover the smallest areas (0.48%) of the lake. Similarly, this study results showed a slight change in habitat suitability areas. Therefore, this study highlighted that Poyang Lake has valuable importance for the conservation of herbivorous Anseriformes. Extending the years of study and including some ecological variables from different stopovers could improve the results.

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