Impact of a terminated wheat cover crop in irrigated corn on atrazine rates and water use efficiency

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Norman L. Klocke
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

A study was conducted near Garden City, KS with irrigated corn to determine how the integration of a terminated winter wheat cover crop with various atrazine rates would affect Palmer amaranth control and corn water use efficiency (WUE). Without atrazine, the presence of a winter wheat cover crop, killed in the boot stage, resulted in a threefold weed biomass reduction in irrigated corn. The highest rate of atrazine completely masked the weed control effect of the cover crop, producing a greater than 15-fold reduction regardless of the presence or absence of the cover crop. A terminated winter wheat cover crop without atrazine elevated corn yield in only two of nine location-yr, and in one instance, depressed yield. However, a terminated wheat cover crop elevated corn yield in six of nine location-yr combinations when used in conjunction with 1.6 kg ha−1atrazine. Although increases in WUE associated with reductions in soil water evaporation produced by the cover crop seemed to be responsible for some of the increase in corn grain yield and stored soil water at the end of the summer growing season, end of season Palmer amaranth biomass had a more profound impact.

Response of no-till winter wheat to nitrogen fertilization and drought stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Use Efficiency

The yield of recrop winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a function of the interaction between agronomic management and the prevailing environment. Eight field trials were conducted over 2 yr on Dark Brown and Black Chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan to determine the influence of fertilizer-N rate and time of application on the early-season crop development and water use of no-till seeded winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate was surface broadcast on one of three schedules: as early as possible (early); 67% early and 33% at the beginning of stem elongation (split): or 3 wk after early (late), at rates of 0, 67, 134 and 202 kg N ha−1. In 1987, N fertilization resulted in the development and maintenance of a larger leaf-area index (LAI) and increased leaf conductance, leading to higher dry matter (DM) yield at anthesis and harvest. High air temperatures increased evaporative demand in 1988 and hastened crop development. Early-season response of both LAI and tiller number to fertilizer-N were abruptly terminated, followed by rapid pre-anthesis senescence in 1988. On average, 43% of harvest DM had accumulated by anthesis in 1987, compared with 78% in 1988. Although early N application increased and maintained LAI over late N in three of the eight trials, tiller responses to early N application were lost before anthesis under the environmental stress encountered. Increases in water-use efficiency of DM production with added N were a reflection of DM responses and not water use. Most of the soil water was extracted pre-anthesis, with on average 98% of post-anthesis evapotranspiration (ET) coming from rainfall. Maximum ET was associated with periods of high rainfall. Pre-anthesis DM yield increases associated with fertilizer-N, and dependence of post-anthesis ET on rainfall, resulted in increased plant stress and reduced leaf conductance during grain filling with fertilizer-N additions. Early correction of N deficiencies were required to efficiently utilize rainfall and stored soil water for biomass production under the recrop conditions used to produce no-till winter wheat in Saskatchewan’s semi-arid environment.Key words: Winter wheat, N application time, drought, water-use efficiency

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat under two soil water regimes

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 1742-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhou Qiao ◽  
Huizhen Zhang ◽  
Baodi Dong ◽  
Changhai Shi ◽  
Yuxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency

A meta-analysis on cover crop impact on soil water storage, succeeding crop yield, and water-use efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 107085
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Shaohong Zhang ◽  
Upendra M. Sainju ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Fazhu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals An Ammoniated Straw Incorporation Increased Biomass Production and Water Use Efficiency in an Annual Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Semi-Arid China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zou ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Shufang Wu ◽  
Qin’ge Dong ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Water shortage and excessive chemical fertilizers application result in low soil water and nutrient availability and limit crop production in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Ammoniated straw incorporation with N fertilization may be an efficient strategy to maintain agricultural sustainability. However, the interactive effects of straw incorporation and N fertilizer on the biomass water use efficiency (WUE) in the winter wheat–summer maize rotation system remain unclear. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining ammoniated straw incorporation and N fertilizer on soil water, biomass yield and biomass water use efficiency (WUE) in an annual summer maize (Zea mays L.)—Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system. There were three treatments: (i) long straw (5 cm) mulching with N fertilizer (CK), (ii) long straw with N fertilizer plowed into the soil (LP), and (iii) ammoniated long straw with N fertilizer plowed into the soil (ALP). Compared with the CK treatment, LP and ALP led to a similar soil water storage capacity. ALP improved summer maize biomass yield and winter wheat biomass yield at the jointing-maturity stage. ALP improved summer maize WUE at the ten-leaf collar-tasseling stage and winter wheat WUE from the tillering stage to the maturity stage. Also, the ALP treatment increased the total water use efficiency (TWUE) of winter wheat by 4.1–22.0%. Overall, ammoniated straw incorporation produced the most favorable biomass yield and WUE in the summer maize—Winter wheat rotation system in the Loess Plateau of China.

scholarly journals Soil water consumption, water use efficiency and winter wheat production in response to nitrogen fertilizer and tillage

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8892
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Sumera Anwar ◽  
Yu Shaobo ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water Consumption

Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on improving soil water stored during fallow and its efficient use. A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Loess Plateau to access the effect of tillage and N (nitrogen) rates on soil water, N distribution and water- and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat. Deep tillage (DT, 25–30 cm depth) and no-tillage (NT) were operated during fallow season, whereas four N rates (0, 90, 150 and 210 kg ha−1) were applied before sowing. Rates of N and variable rainfall during summer fallow period led to the difference of soil water storage. Soil water storage at anthesis and maturity was decreased with increasing N rate especially in the year with high precipitation (2014–2015). DT has increased the soil water storage at sowing, N content, numbers of spike, grain number, 1,000 grain weight, grain yield, and water and N use efficiency as compared to NT. Grain yield was significantly and positively related to soil water consumption at sowing to anthesis and anthesis to maturity, total plant N, and water-use efficiency. Our study implies that optimum N rate and deep tillage during the fallow season could improve dryland wheat production by balancing the water consumption and biomass production.

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