Dissipation of Fomesafen in New York State Soils and Potential to Cause Carryover Injury to Sweet Corn

Bradley J. Rauch; Robin R. Bellinder; Daniel C. Brainard; Mike Lane; Janice E. Thies

doi:10.1614/wt-05-168.1

Dissipation of Fomesafen in New York State Soils and Potential to Cause Carryover Injury to Sweet Corn

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-05-168.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Bradley J. Rauch ◽

Robin R. Bellinder ◽

Daniel C. Brainard ◽

Mike Lane ◽

Janice E. Thies

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Soil Type ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

New York State ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Variety Trial ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Planting Season

The manufacturer's recommended rate for fomesafen in snap beans, dry beans, and soybeans may cause carryover injury in sweet corn. A field experiment, a survey, and multiple greenhouse experiments were conducted to (1) estimate the fomesafen residue concentrations in the soil that might result from use of lower than registered rates, (2) estimate fomesafen residue concentrations in growers' fields and evaluate grower practices for their effects on carryover potential, and (3) investigate the effects of soil type and sweet corn variety on the potential for fomesafen to cause injury to sweet corn. Results of the dissipation study predicted average soil concentrations to be approximately 0.019 mg fomesafen/kg soil at the start of the sweet corn planting season. Half-life values ranged between 28 and 66 d, with an average of 50 d. Residues in grower fields were slightly less than those found in the dissipation study. Injury from fomesafen varied significantly by sweet corn variety and by soil type. Sweet corn grown in soils with high organic matter and low pH were most susceptible to injury from fomesafen. At high rates of fomesafen (0.12 mg/kg), reductions in dry weight of sweet corn varieties ranged from 5 to 60%. At rates of fomesafen slightly higher than those detected in field soils at the time of sweet corn planting (0.03 mg/kg), dry weight either increased slightly (variety trial) or decreased by 6 to 12% (soil-effect trial) depending on soil type. The risk of sweet corn yield losses because of fomesafen carryover appear relatively low. Growers can reduce the risk of carryover injury by planting tolerant varieties in fields where fomesafen was applied the preceding year.

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Silage corn yield is reduced by burcucumber competition and drought in New York State

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2021.80 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Kristine M. Averill ◽

Anna S. Westbrook ◽

Scott H. Morris ◽

Emma Kubinski ◽

Antonio DiTommaso

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

New York ◽

Weed Management ◽

New York State ◽

Planting Density ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

York State ◽

Effects Of Drought

Abstract Drought stress and weed competition are two of the most important threats to corn production in the northeastern United States. Both pressures have the potential to worsen under climate change. In a two-year field study in Ithaca, NY, USA, we tested the effects of drought and burcucumber, an increasingly problematic annual vine, on silage corn. Burcucumber seedlings were transplanted into corn rows at densities of 0, 0.5, 2, and 3 plants m−2 and the drought treatment was later imposed with rainout shelters constructed from steel frames and high-clarity plastic. Available soil moisture was lower in drought plots (47% ± 1% in 2018 and 52% ± 2% in 2019) than no-drought plots (69% ± 1% in 2018 and 68% ± 1% in 2019). Burcucumber planting density (P=0.008) reduced fresh silage yield. Drought also reduced fresh silage yield (P<0.001) with a drought-by-year interaction (P=0.007): drought reduced fresh weight by 29% in 2018 (48,000 ± 2,000 kg ha−1 to 34,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1) and 9% in 2019 (38,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1 to 34,000 ± 3,000 kg ha−1). Burcucumber planting density and drought did not interact. Overall, our findings indicate that drought and competition from burcucumber may have additive effects on silage corn in New York State. Regardless of water availability, active weed management is required to prevent yield losses due to burcucumber. Yield losses may be similar or greater in grain corn and might increase under climate change.

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APLIKASI FORMULASI PUPUK ORGANIK UNTUK EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ANORGANIK NPK PHONSKA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.23.3.2017.18961 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

P. Tumewu ◽

M. Montolalu ◽

A. G. Tulungen

Keyword(s):

Sweet Corn ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The aim of this research is to know the effect of organic fertilizer formulation and NPK Phonska fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn, and to get organic fertilizer formulation for the efficiency of inorganic fertilizer NPK Phonska in increasing the yield of sweet corn. The factorial experiment was designed using a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. Factor I (A) = Formulation of Organic Fertilizer, consisting of A1 = Water hyacinth, Cow Manure, chicken manure, A2 = Hydrilla verticillata, cow dung, chicken manure, A3 = Kirinyuh, cow dung, chicken manure. Factor II (B) = Phonska fertilizer, Consist of B1 = 25% Phonska, B2 = 50% Phonska, B3 = 75% Phonska, B4 = 100% Phonska. Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 36 experimental plots. Response variables observed included: Plant dry weight, Length of cob, Cob diameter, Weight of cob, measured at harvest. Data were analyzed using variance analysis and if there was effect of treatment continued by using Test of Honest Real Difference (BNJ) at 5% test level. The results showed that the interaction between organic fertilizer formulation and NPK phonska significantly affect the diameter of cob and sweet corn cob weight. The dry weight of sweet corn plant is influenced by organic fertilizer formulation. Formulation of organic fertilizer Hydrilla verticillata + cow dung + chicken dung 20 ton / ha dose able to reduce the dose of NPK Phonska at half of the recommended dosage.Keywords: formulation of organic fertilizer, sweet corn yield, Phonska ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi formulasi pupuk organik dan pupuk NPK Phonska terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis, serta mendapatkan formulasi pupuk organik untuk efisiensi pupuk anorganik NPK Phonska dalam meningkatkan hasil jagung manis. Percobaan factorial dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor I (A) = Formulasi Pupuk Organik, terdiri dari A1 = Eceng gondok, Kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam, A2 = Hydrilla verticillata, kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam, A3 = Kirinyuh, kotoran sapi, kotoran ayam. Faktor II(B) = Pupuk Phonska, Terdiri dari B1 = 25% Phonska, B2 = 50% Phonska, B3 = 75% Phonska, B4 = 100 % Phonska. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 36 petak percobaan. Variabel respons yang diamati meliputi : Berat kering tanaman, Panjang tongkol, Diameter tongkol, Bobot tongkol, diukur pada saat panen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dan jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf uji 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaInteraksi antara formulasi pupuk organik dan NPK phonska berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter tongkol dan bobot tongkol jagung manis. Bobot kering tanaman jagung manis dipengaruhi oleh formulasi pupuk organik. Formulasi pupuk organik Hydrilla verticillata+ kotoran sapi+kotoran ayam dosis 20 ton/ha mampu menurunkan dosis NPK Phonska setengah dari dosis rekomendasi.Kata kunci: formulasi pupuk organik, hasil jagung manis, Phonska

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Correlation of Bioassay Crop Growth with Cinmethylin and Chlorimuron Application Rates for Two Soils

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.5.536 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 536-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T.G. Boucounis ◽

T. Whitwell ◽

J.E. Toler

Keyword(s):

Soil Type ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soil Types ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Field Bioassay ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Application Rates

Ten crops were evaluated for potential use as field bioassay species for cinmethylin and chlorimuron application rates in two soil types. Cinmethylin injured sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] at concentrations as low as 0.28 kg·ha-1 on either soil type, while broadleaf crops were tolerant. Chlorimuron injured sweet corn, grain sorghum, radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and watermelon [Citrullis lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.] at rates ≥ 2.5 g·ha-1, and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) at rates ≥ 5.0 g·ha-1 on a Dothan sand. In a Congaree silt loam, chlorimuron injured cucumber at rates ≥ 5.0 g·ha-1, sweet corn, watermelon, and squash at rates ≥ 10 g·ha-1, and grain sorghum, radish, and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at rates ≥ 20 g·ha-1. Soybean and snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were tolerant to chlorimuron in both soil types. Cinmethylin activity was not altered by soil type, but with chlorimuron greater crop injury was observed in the Dothan sand than in the Congaree silt loam. Sweet corn and grain sorghum were the most sensitive indicator species to cinmethylin and cucumber was the most sensitive to chlorimuron in both soils. Plant emergence and population alone are not valid indicators for crop tolerance to herbicides. Quantitative measurements such as shoot dry weight were more indicative of crop susceptibility to chlorimuron than plant populations. Chemical names used: exo -1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2 -[(2-methylphenyl) methoxy]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (cinmethylin); 2-[[[[(4-chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]benzoic acid (chlorimuron).

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Eliezer Ben-Rafael, Crisis and Transformation: The Kibbutz at Century's End, New York: State University of New York Press, 1997, £17.25, xii+282 pp. (ISBN 0-7914-3225-4).

Sociology ◽

10.1017/s0038038598210133 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 613-637

Author(s):

CHRISTOPHER WARHURST

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York State ◽

State University ◽

York State

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Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations ◽

10.1044/cds22.2.64 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 64-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Catherine J. Crowley ◽

Kristin Guest ◽

Kenay Sudler

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Public Schools ◽

Cultural Competence ◽

York City ◽

Cultural Sensitivity ◽

Graduate Program ◽

Language Disorder ◽

New York State ◽

Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

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