Leaching of Indaziflam Compared with Residual Herbicides Commonly Used in Florida Citrus

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Florida Citrus

Soil-applied herbicides are commonly used for broad-spectrum residual weed control in Florida citrus. Groundwater contamination from some soil-applied herbicides has been reported in citrus growing areas in Florida. Indaziflam is a new soil-applied herbicide recently registered for broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus. There is no information available on leaching behavior of indaziflam in sandy soil. Experiments were conducted to compare leaching of indaziflam with five commercially used residual herbicides in a Florida Candler soil under simulated rainfall of 5 or 15 cm ha−1. Herbicide movement down soil columns was measured by visually evaluating injury and harvesting aboveground biomass of the bioassay species annual ryegrass. Ryegrass was not injured and plant biomass was not affected beyond 30 cm when indaziflam at a recommended rate of 73 g ai ha−1was leached through the soil column. Leaching of indaziflam increased with increasing amounts of rainfall. For example, indaziflam leached up to 12.2 ± 0.8 cm (values are expressed ± SD) and 27.2 ± 2.6 cm at 5 and 15 cm ha−1rainfall, respectively. The herbicide ranking from high to low mobility at 15 cm ha−1of rainfall was bromacil = norflurazon > indaziflam > simazine = pendimethalin > diuron. Overall results suggested that indaziflam leaching was limited in Florida Candler soil in this study; however, field experiments are required to confirm the leaching of indaziflam under natural rainfall situation.

Tank Mixing Saflufenacil, Glufosinate, and Indaziflam Improved Burndown and Residual Weed Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Analiza H. M. Ramirez ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Grass Weed

Saflufenacil and indaziflam, POST and PRE herbicides, respectively, have been registered recently for weed control in Florida citrus. Glufosinate is under evaluation and may be registered in the future for POST weed control in citrus. Citrus growers often want to have a tank mixture of herbicides that provide broad-spectrum weed control. Saflufenacil is a broadleaf herbicide and needs to be tank mixed with other herbicide(s) to increase weed control spectrum. Information is not available on interaction of saflufenacil, glufosinate, and indaziflam applied in tank mixtures on weed control efficacy. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at two locations (Polk and Orange County, FL) to evaluate the efficacy and potential antagonism or synergy of saflufenacil and glufosinate applied in tank mixes, and various three-way mixes with indaziflam. The results suggested that tank mixing saflufenacil with glufosinate had no effect on grass weed control, but had additive effect on broadleaf weed control. Indaziflam tank mixed at the recommended label rate (0.073 kg ha−1) provided better residual weed control compared with the lower rate (0.05 kg ha−1). Tank mixing indaziflam with saflufenacil and glufosinate improved broadleaf and grass weed control, reduced weed density, and biomass compared with tank mixing saflufenacil and glufosinate. Tank mixing indaziflam at 0.073 kg ha−1with saflufenacil and glufosinate provided ≥ 88% control of broadleaf and grass weeds at 30 d after treatment (DAT), and it was comparable with tank mixing saflufenacil, glyphosate and pendimethalin. This treatment combination recorded the lowest weed density (≤ 7 plants m−2) and biomass (< 80 g m−2) at 60 DAT. Glyphosate applied alone was less effective than tank mixing with saflufenacil and glufosinate for broadleaf and grass weed control. This indicates additive effect of tank mixture on glyphosate efficacy. It is concluded that saflufenacil can be tank mixed with glufosinate for control of broadleaf and grass weeds; however, addition of indaziflam in tank mixture provided long-term, broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus compared with other treatments.

Herbicide Tank Mixtures for Broad-Spectrum Weed Control in Florida Citrus

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Analiza H. M. Ramirez ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Patrick Van Damme ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Orange County ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Grass Weed

Weed control in Florida citrus is primarily based on herbicides. Saflufenacil, a POST-applied herbicide is recently registered for broadleaf weed control in citrus. Saflufenacil has very limited grass activity; therefore, it should be tank mixed with graminicides or broad-spectrum herbicides to increase the spectrum of weed control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted at two locations (Polk County and Orange County, FL) to evaluate the efficacy and potential antagonism or synergy of saflufenacil and sethoxydim applied alone or tank mixed, and various two- and three-way mixes with glyphosate or pendimethalin. The results suggested that tank mixing saflufenacil and sethoxydim had neither synergistic nor antagonistic effect on broadleaf and grass weed control, respectively. Tank mixing pendimethalin with saflufenacil and sethoxydim improved broadleaf and grass weed control and reduced weed density and biomass, compared with saflufenacil or sethoxydim applied alone or tank mixed at 45 and 60 d after treatment (DAT). Glyphosate tank mixed with saflufenacil and sethoxydim provided > 90% control of broadleaf and grass weeds at 15 DAT, reduced density ≤ 8 plants m−2, and reduced biomass < 95 g m−2at 60 DAT. Glyphosate applied alone was less effective than it was when tank mixed with saflufenacil and sethoxydim or pendimethalin for broadleaf and grass weed control, indicating an additive effect of tank mixture on glyphosate efficacy. It is concluded that saflufenacil can be tank mixed with sethoxydim for control of broadleaf and grass weeds without antagonism on the efficacy of either herbicide; however, tank mixing saflufenacil and sethoxydim with glyphosate or pendimethalin provided long-term, broad-spectrum weed control in Florida citrus.

Influence of Picloram Alone or Plus 2,4-D on Control of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) with Four Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashley O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted for 2 yr to determine the influence of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and a commercial mixture of picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] (1:16, w/w) on control of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) with four postemergence herbicides. The phytotoxicity to wild oats of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) or difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in 1981 and diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] in 1981 and 1982 was reduced when these herbicides were applied in a mixture with picloram plus 2,4-D. Consequently, the use of these mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control in one spray operation is not recommended. Picloram applied at a rate equivalent to the amount present in the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture did not influence the control of wild oats obtained with any herbicide, indicating that the antagonism was due to the 2,4-D component of the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture.

scholarly journals Tank Mix of Saflufenacil with Glyphosate and Pendimethalin for Broad-spectrum Weed Control in Florida Citrus

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megh Singh ◽  
Mayank Malik ◽  
Analiza H.M. Ramirez ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Florida Citrus ◽  
Citrus Trees

Citrus (Citrus spp.) is one of the most important crops in Florida agriculture. Weed control is a major component in citrus production practices. If not controlled, weeds may compete with citrus trees for nutrients, water, and light and may also increase pest problems. Herbicides are an important component of integrated weed management program in citrus. Saflufenacil, a new herbicide registered for broadleaf weed control in citrus, can be applied alone or in a tank mix with other herbicides to improve weed control efficacy. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of saflufenacil applied alone or in a tank mix with glyphosate and pendimethalin for weed control. In addition, experiments were also conducted to evaluate phytotoxicity of saflufenacil applied at different rates and time intervals in citrus. The results suggested that saflufenacil applied alone was usually effective for early season broadleaf weed control; however, weed control efficacy reduced beyond 30 days after treatment (DAT) compared with a tank mix of saflufenacil, glyphosate, and pendimethalin. For example, control of weeds was ≤70% when saflufenacil or glyphosate applied alone compared with tank mix treatments at 60 and 90 DAT. Addition of pendimethalin as a tank mix partner usually resulted in better residual weed control compared with a tank mix of saflufenacil and glyphosate, and this herbicide mixture was comparable with grower's adopted standard treatment of a tank mix of glyphosate, norflurazon, and diuron and several other tank mix treatments. Saflufenacil applied once in a season at different rates or even in sequential applications did not injure citrus trees when applied according to label directions. It is concluded that with its novel mode of action, saflufenacil tank mixed with glyphosate and pendimethalin would provide citrus growers with another chemical tool to control broadleaf and grass weeds.

scholarly journals Rimsulfuron Tank Mixed with Flumioxazin, Pendimethalin, or Oryzalin for Control of Broadleaf Weeds in Citrus

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Analiza H.M. Ramirez ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Florida Citrus

Herbicides are usually applied multiple times by growers for season long weed control in Florida citrus (Citrus sp.). Rimsulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide has been recently registered for control of certain grasses and broadleaf weeds in citrus. To increase the weed control spectrum and reduce application cost, citrus growers often prefer to tank mix herbicides. Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 in citrus groves in central Florida to evaluate weed control efficacy and crop safety of rimsulfuron applied alone or in tank mixes with flumioxazin, pendimethalin, or oryzalin. Herbicides were applied sequentially in spring and fall in both years on the same experimental plot. Results suggested that rimsulfuron applied alone controlled >80% broadleaf and grass weeds up to 30 days after treatment (DAT) and was comparable to tank mixing rimsulfuron with pendimethalin or oryzalin; however, control was reduced beyond 30 DAT. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with flumioxazin was the most effective treatment at 30 and 60 DAT that provided, respectively, ≥88% and >75%, control of broadleaf weeds including brazil pusley (Richardia brasiliensis), dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), cotton weed (Froelichia floridana), and virginia pepperweed (Virginia virginicum) compared with other treatments. Control of natalgrass (Melinis repens) was higher in all tank mix treatments compared with rimsulfuron applied alone with no difference among tank mix partners. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with pendimethalin or oryzalin had no advantage over rimsulfuron applied alone for control of broadleaf weeds. Among sequential applications, weed control was better after fall herbicide application (August) compared with spring (April) because of residual activity of fall applied herbicides. Rimsulfuron tank mixed with flumioxazin will provide citrus growers with an additional weed control option.

Leaching Behavior of Chlorpyrifos and its Main Metabolite TCP through 5 Types of Soil Columns in Laboratory Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Li Sun ◽  
Hong Shan ◽  
Yi Wei Dong ◽  
Jin Li Huang ◽  
Cheng Feng Tong
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Limestone Soil

By applying the OECD soil column method, the leaching behavior of chlorpyrifos and it main metabolite, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), in five types of saturated soil was compared. The results show the following: (1) Chlorpyrifos can be retained in the five types of saturated soil, and the rate of chlorpyrifos residues in the five types of soil columns are 86.9% (Black soil), 80.3% (Red soil), 77.9% (Limestone soil), 74.7% (fluvo-aquic soil) and 68.9% (Purple soil) of the application amount; (2) No chlorpyrifos was found in the leachate; (3) TCP could fully migrate in the five types of 30-cm-long soil columns and the TCP residues in these columns are 34.4% (Black soil), 29.6% (Red soil), 24.8% (Limestone soil),14.1% (fluvo-aquic soil) and 10.3% (Purple soil) of the application amount; (4) The average concentrations of TCP in the 400 mL leaching solution were from 0.31 μg·mL-1to 0.23 μg·mL-1; and (5) The Kocand GUS values of the TCP in the five types of soil showed that TCP has a great leaching risk compared with its parent compound of chlorpyrifos.

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Christopher C. Gunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Common Purslane

Field experiments were conducted to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in nongrafted ‘Amelia’ and Amelia grafted onto ‘Maxifort’ tomato rootstock grown in plasticulture. The establishment treatments (EST) consisted of two seedlings each of common purslane, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge transplanted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 wk after tomato transplanting (WAT) and remained until tomato harvest to simulate weeds emerging at different times. The removal treatments (REM) consisted of the same weeds transplanted on the day of tomato transplanting and removed at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 WAT to simulate weeds controlled at different times. The beginning and end of the CPWC, based on a 5% yield loss of marketable tomato, was determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz models to the relative yield data representing REM and EST, respectively. In both grafted and nongrafted tomato, plant aboveground dry biomass increased as establishment of weeds was delayed and tomato plant biomass decreased when removal of weeds was delayed. For a given time of weed removal and establishment, grafted tomato plants produced higher biomass than nongrafted. The delay in establishment and removal of weeds resulted in weed biomass decrease and increase of the same magnitude, respectively, regardless of transplant type. The predicted CPWC was from 2.2 to 4.5 WAT in grafted tomato and from 3.3 to 5.8 WAT in nongrafted tomato. The length (2.3 or 2.5 wk) of the CPWC in fresh market tomato was not affected by grafting; however, the CPWC management began and ended 1 wk earlier in grafted tomato than in nongrafted tomato.

Competition and control of weeds in soybean

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajender Singh Chhokar ◽  
Rajender Singh Balyan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
And Control

Two field experiments were carried out from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate the critical period of weed control and to develop suitable weed management practices for jungle rice, horse purslane, and cockscomb in soybean. Horse purslane was more competitive during early growth stages (up to 45 days after sowing [DAS]) and cockscomb was more competitive during later growth stages, whereas jungle rice was competitive throughout the growing season. The critical period of weed control was found to be 30 to 45 DAS. Weed-free maintenance up to 45 DAS resulted in a 74% increase in grain yield of soybean over the unweeded control. Keeping soybean weed free for 45 d or allowing weeds to remain in the crop for less than 30 d resulted in no significant yield loss. Sequential application of a reduced rate of soil-applied trifluralin 1.0 kg ha–1(0.67 ×) with postemergence fluazifop 0.75 kg ha–1(0.75 ×) or a reduced rate of soil-applied trifluralin or pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha–1(0.67 ×) followed by hand hoeing 35 DAS provided better control of a broad spectrum of weeds than a single application of a postemergence herbicide applied at reduced or recommended rates. Integration of reduced rates of soil-applied herbicides with post-emergence herbicides or hand hoeing 35 DAS produced soybean yields similar to the hand-weeded treatment. Compared to the weed-free or integrated weed control, a single application of soil-applied or postemergence herbicide did not control a broad spectrum of weeds and reduced soybean yield.

Postemergence Weed Control in Pea (Pisum sativum) with Imazamox

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Few postemergence (POST) herbicides are available for broad-spectrum weed control in pea. Field experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of imazamox to provide selective control of grass and broadleaf weeds in pea. Imazamox controlled several grass and broadleaf species, but the rate required to attain 90% control ranged from 7 to 36 g ai/ha depending on the weed species. Imazamox efficacy differed with the adjuvant included in the spray mixture. Merge adjuvant often increased imazamox activity on weeds more than Sun-It II methylated seed oil or a combination of Agral 90 adjuvant plus 28–0–0 liquid fertilizer. Pea exhibited excellent tolerance to imazamox up to the highest rate applied, 40 g/ha. Pea yield comparable to that of the hand-weeded control was attained with 20 to 30 g/ha of imazamox. Imazamox offers growers a POST option for broad-spectrum weed control in pea.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

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