THE STANDARD OF PROOF UNDER LITHUANIAN AND RUSSIAN CIVIL PROCEDURE LAW: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The article is dedicated to the memory of Professor M.K. Treushnikov. The professor was the head of the candidate of law thesis of the author of the article, therefore, the beginning of the article is devoted to the author’s memories of M.K. Treushnikov. Since the main field of scientific research of M.K. Treushnikov is related to evidence and proof in civil proceedings, the main part of the article is devoted to the issues of the standard of proof. On the basis of the comparative method the author analyses how the approach to the standard of proof in Lithuania and Russia changed after 1990, both in legal doctrine and case law. It is concluded that there are many similarities in the standard of proof between Lithuanian and Russian civil procedure law, but there are also differences, which are due both to different legal doctrine approaches to this issue and to different case law. In particular, the author points out that there must be common standards for such cognitive, logical activity, which exist regardless of the legal system operating in one state or another, for there is only one logic.

Bioproductive сapacity of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under favorable humid conditions

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of modern climate change and the impact of weather conditions on the yield of main field crops when using different feeding systems and tillage. It was established that during 1991-2020 the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 1,1oC, and the annual precipitation decreased by 5%. Under such conditions, the frequency of recurrence of highly and moderately arid conditions of the growing season increased from 47% in 1961-1990 to 61% in 1991-2020, however the probability of forming a sufficient moisture supply decreased by half. Based on the results of the Climate Water Balance (CWB) assessment, it was specified that in the western part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, according to average long-term data a negative WBC has been formed since June, and by the end of August its deficit reaches over 140 mm or 1,400 m3 / ha. In general, by the end of the period for 1991-2020, the deficit of WBC increased by 82 mm. Based on the information database made on the results of long-term stationary field experiment at Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Farming and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS, the yield potential of main crops and the productivity of typical chernozem subject to the optimization of crop rotation and nutrient and water-air regimes, were evaluated. It was determined that optimization of crop rotations increases plant productivity by 19%, fertilizer systems - by 19-36%, irrigation - by 94%, irrigation and fertilization - by 130-153%, and a comprehensive combination of all agronomic measures - by 200% and more. It was also established that the total productivity of crop rotation under different systems of basic tillage remains virtually unchanged and enables to obtain average by year 3.6-3.8 t kd / ha against the background of natural soil fertility. From the organic fertilizer systems, the efficiency of using crop by-products as fertilizers is 10% higher than using manure and practically does not concede to organomineral fertilizer systems. As a result of research it was found that in the region in recent decades there is a tendency of deteriorating growing conditions of main field crops, which is reflected in the formation of low yields and poorer crop rotation productivity, significant variation of these factors in terms of weather, especially when having high soil fertility.

Genetic Stability of TGMS Hybrids in Dry Direct Seeded Rice

Rice is a water-loving crop and traditionally sown in the nursery and then transplanted to the puddled and waterlogged main field. Owing to climate change, water scarcity and labour shortage problems, rice is now cultivated in the dry direct seeded method. Owing to potential of hybrid rice in increasing both rice production and productivity, many countries are focusing on exploiting the benefits of this technology. To break the yield plateau in rice cultivation, Thermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile (TGMS) hybrids were found to be very effective. In the present study, 41 TGMS hybrids and 9 checks were evaluated for their stability and adaptability by dry direct seeded method in four locations viz., E1 - Allahabad, E2 - Lucknow, E3 - Dhamtari and E4 - Raipur. The TGMS hybrid G44 was predicted as an ideal hybrid by the GGE stability model that possessed high grain yield and stable performance over environments. It was followed by hybrids viz., G10, G14, G34, G11, G20 and G47 that had a stable performance with high yield. Hence, these TGMS hybrids were identified as high and stable yielders across environments and suitable for dry direct seeded rice ecosystems. Among the environments, E1 (Allahabad) and E4 (Raipur) were considered favourable environments as they possessed the highest discriminating power. The hybrids identified in the study can be utilized for breaking the yield barriers in rice and can be recommended for dry direct seeding in marginal and rainfed areas.

Pengembangan Model Latihan Teknik Passing Sepak Bola Berbasis Modul Untuk SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Kota Malang

The purpose of this development research is to produce various kinds of module-based soccer passing exercises for SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Malang City. The product is developed using the model from Borg and Gall consisting of an initial needs analysis (need assessment), product development planning (Planning). Develop initial product (Develop Preliminary form of Product). The initial product developed will go through validation and feasibility tests by media experts and soccer coaching experts. Small group trial (Preliminary Field Testing). Large group trial (Main Field Testing). Lastly, revise the results of Main Field Testing. Based on a series of validity tests from experts and field tests, it was stated that the product was declared valid and could be used as a teaching medium for SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Malang City. The results of the research based on the small group trial showed a large number (87.8 percent) and the large group trial showed the number (88.75 percent) of the athletes of SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Malang City, stating that the variation of the Passing technique training model is easy to understand, interesting. , and effective for increasing Passing ability Pass. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan berbagai macam latihan passing sepak bola berbasis modul untuk SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Kota Malang. Produk dikembangankan dengan menggunakan model dari Borg and Gall terdiri dari analisis kebutuhan awal (need assessment), Perencanaan pengembangan produk (Planning). Mengembangkan produk awal (Develop Preliminary form of Product). Produk awal yang dikembangkan akan melalui uji validasi dan kelayakan oleh ahli media dan ahli kepelatihan sepak bola. Uji coba kelompok kecil (Preliminary Field Testing). Uji coba kelompok besar (Main Field Testing). Terakhir melakukan revisi dari hasil Main Field Testing. Berdasarkan dari serangkaian uji validitas dari ahli dan uji lapangan menyatakan bahwa produk dinyatakan valid dan dapat digunakan sebagai media ajar untuk SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Kota Malang. Hasil dari penelitian berdasarkan uji coba kelompok kecil menunjukan angka besar (87,8 persen) dan uji coba kelompok besar menunjukan angka (88,75 persen) atlet SSB Kharisma Elang Muda Kota Malang, menyatakan bahwa variasi model latihan teknik Passing mudah dipahami, menarik, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Passing.

Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Sparkoll Videoscribe

Video pembelajaran yang dibuat secara khusus dapat dijadikan media pembelajaran yang efektif. Video pembelajaran cenderung jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami karena didukung dengan aspek audio dan visual. Asumsi tersebut didukung dengan banyaknya software atau aplikasi yang bisa digunakan untuk membuat Video pembelajaran seperti Sparkoll Videoscribe. Sparkoll Videoscribe merupakan sebuah software yang menggabungkan beberapa rangkaian gambar menjadi sebuah video animasi. Sparkoll Videoscribe menyajikan konten pembelajaran dengan memadukan gambar, suara, dan desain yang menarik sehingga siswa mampu menikmati proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan video pembelajaran matematika berbantuan Sparkoll Videoscribe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (RD) dengan metode Borg Gall (1983) yang disederhanakan menjadi 6 tahapan yaitu: Research and Information Colecting, Planning, Develop Preliminary form a Product, Preliminary Field Testing, Main Product Revision, Main Field Testing. Hasil Uji lapangan kepada 28 Siswa SMP didapatkan skor dengan nilai 3,3179 dan berada pada kategori Sangat Baik dengan rentang penilaian antara 1,00 – 4,00. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Video Pembelajaran Matematika Berbantuan Sparkoll Videoscribe ini valid dan dapat digunakan sebagai media video pembelajaran.

Scaling laws and phase space analysis of a geomagnetic domino model

The geomagnetic field is among the most striking features of the Earth. By far the most important ingredient of it is generate in the fluid conductive outer core and it is known as the main field. It is characterized by a strong dipolar component as measured on the Earth’s surface. It is well established the fact that the dipolar component has reversed polarity many times, a phenomenon dubbed as dipolar field reversal (DFR). There have been proposed numerous models focused on describing the statistical features of the occurrence of such phenomena. One of them is the domino model, a simple toy model that despite its simplicity displays a very rich dynamic. This model incorporates several aspects of the outer core dynamics like the effect of rotation of Earth, the appearance of convective columns which create their own magnetic field, etc. In this paper we analyse the phase space of parameters of the model and identify several regimes. The two main regimes are the polarity changing one and the regime where the polarity remains the same. Also, we draw some scaling laws that characterize the relationship between the parameters and the mean time between reversals (mtr), the main output of the model.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BBM KAPAL LAUT DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE EOQ

This study aims to develop a fuel inventory control system so that it can facilitate monitoring the volume of fuel stock from each bunker ship and can be reported at any time, so that the leadership can estimate the addition of fuel orders to PT. Pertamina for each bunker ship that is adjusted to the incoming fuel request order. If there is a sudden fuel order by the customer, the company can still serve the customer well, so that the fuel stock can be controlled and can be monitored properly at any time. The research method used in the information system monitoring the pump fabrication process is Research and Development (R&D) in this study only until the 6th (sixth) stage and produces the final product in the form of a prototype, so it does not reach the product implementation stage. The six steps are Research and information collecting, Planning, Develop preliminary form of product, Preliminary field testing, Main product revision and Main field testing. This application is made using Macromedia Dream Weaver and MySQL database.

Pengembangan E-Magazine Reaksi Reduksi dan Oksidasi Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Kimia Kelas X SMA/MA

This development research refers to several analyzes carried out, namely performance analysis in learning, student analysis, which is a study of student characteristics based on knowledge, skills, and development. Analysis of facts, concepts, principles and needs based on current problems, namely learning from home caused by the covid-19 pandemic which requires learning media. Learning media that can meet today's learning needs are chemistry E-magazines that can be accessed anytime and anywhere with valid, practical, and effective criteria. The e-magazine is then validated first by the supervisor and three material validators and media validators. After the e-magazine is said to be valid, it is tested in learning. The development model used in this study is the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). After going through the stages of analysis, design, and development of a valid E-Magazine, it was first tested on a small group (initial field trial) and revised. After the initial revision, it was re-tested to a large group (main field trial) to see the effectiveness and practicality of the E-Magazine. The sample in this study were students of class X MIA 2 The initial field trial class amounted to 9 students and Class X MIA 3 as the main field trial class amounted to 30 students at the implementation stage of ADDIE with the object of research namely E-Magazine Reaction Reduction and Oxidation that has been developed. Collecting data using instruments in the form of observation sheets, questionnaires for assessment of material experts, media experts, teachers and students. Qualitative data analysis using a Likert scale and quantitatively based on the Post Test scores of students' learning outcomes. The results of the development obtained that the E-Magazine profile of Reduction and Oxidation Reactions met the validity criteria, showing 1.00 (very high criteria) in terms of questionnaire responses from media experts and material experts. The results of the practicality analysis in terms of the teacher and student response questionnaires obtained each percentage of 90.90% (very practical criteria) for the teacher's response to the initial field trial and 95.45% (very practical criteria) for the main field trial. In the questionnaire responses, students each obtained a percentage of 79.75% (practical criteria) for the initial field trial and 85.50% (very practical criteria) for the main field trial and the results of the effectiveness analysis based on the students' completeness in the post test. obtained a percentage of 79.75% for the initial field trial and the main field trial obtained a percentage of 86.67%. Thus, it can be concluded that the Reduction and Oxidation Reaction E-Magazine that has been developed meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective.

Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions and Bank Storage during Flooding: A Review

The interaction between river floods and groundwater not only replenishes groundwater resources, but also contributes to the attenuation of flood waves and is therefore a hydrologic factor in flood risk management. The magnitude of this interaction is expressed as bank storage, that is, the volume of the surface water that is temporarily stored in the riverbanks and slowly released back into the river after the peak of the flood wave. The amount of bank storage depends not only on the hydrograph of the river, but also on the morphology and hydrogeology of the river valley. This article offers a review of the current understanding and description of water exchange between the river and aquifer, with a focus on exchange due to flood events. The main field measurement methods of river-aquifer interactions, made to determine the properties of the aquifer, are summarized. The foundations of mathematical models are also reviewed, centered on how the surface and groundwater flow models are coupled, as well as on dimensional and process-related simplifications.

Diesel engine hazard particles emission and measures to eliminate them

European union's goal is to eliminate hazard emission up to 2050. Main field of acting towards this goal is road traffic. Diesel engines has important influence at personal and transport vehicles. Most of heavy trucks and buses are propelled with diesel engines beacause of their reliability, fuel efficiency and tourqe. These engines are simple to maintain, cheap to produce and extremly durable. Main propblem with diesel engines are solid hazard particles emission and nitrosoxide. Health expets are concluded that these hazards effects human health, as well damaging ozone layer in athmosphere and create acid rains.