scholarly journals Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12209
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min LIANG ◽  
Dao-Ju JIANG ◽  
Miao-Miao XIE ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal fungal treatment considerably stimulated root total length, surface area and volume, as compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. In addition, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also increased leaf relative water content and accelerated the accumulation of root glucose and fructose under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants under drought stress registered higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and ABA levels in roots, while lower MDA contents, relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. As a result, mycorrhiza-inoculated plants represented better physiological activities (e.g. antioxidant defense systems, root morphology, and sugar accumulation) than non-inoculated plants in response to soil drought, whilst P. occultum had superior effects than F. mosseae.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Drought Stress in White Clover after Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qing TUO ◽  
Li HE ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

White clover is extremely susceptive to drought stress (DS), while it is not clear whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance drought tolerance of the plant. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of two AMF species, Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on flavonoid, soluble protein, proline, and nutrient uptake in roots of white clover under well-watered (WW) and DS conditions. Root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was heavily decreased by 7-week DS treatment. Mycorrhizal plants showed considerably greater biomass production in shoot, root, and total (shoot+root) than non-mycorrhizal plants, irrespective of soil water status. AMF inoculation led to significantly higher root soluble protein and proline accumulation under WW and DS and root flavonoid level under DS, regardless of AMF species. Root N, P, K and Cu concentrations were dramatically increased by mycorrhization under WW and DS, and root Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn levels were significantly higher in AMF plants than in non-AMF plants under WW. It concluded that AMF strongly enhanced plant growth and drought tolerance of white clover by greater nutrient absorption and protective substances (soluble protein, proline, and flavonoid) accumulation.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Drought Responses of Trifoliate Orange by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi With a Focus on Terpenoid Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min Liang ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Normal Water

Soil water deficit seriously affects crop production, and soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance drought tolerance in crops by unclear mechanisms. Our study aimed to analyze changes in non-targeted metabolomics in roots of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under well-watered and soil drought after inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices, with a focus on terpenoid profile. Root mycorrhizal fungal colonization varied from 70% under soil drought to 85% under soil well-watered, and shoot and root biomass was increased by AMF inoculation, independent of soil water regimes. A total of 643 secondary metabolites in roots were examined, and 210 and 105 differential metabolites were regulated by mycorrhizal fungi under normal water and drought stress, along with 88 and 17 metabolites being up-and down-regulated under drought conditions, respectively. KEGG annotation analysis of differential metabolites showed 38 and 36 metabolic pathways by mycorrhizal inoculation under normal water and drought stress conditions, respectively. Among them, 33 metabolic pathways for mycorrhization under drought stress included purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, etc. We also identified 10 terpenoid substances, namely albiflorin, artemisinin (−)-camphor, capsanthin, β-caryophyllene, limonin, phytol, roseoside, sweroside, and α-terpineol. AMF colonization triggered the decline of almost all differential terpenoids, except for β-caryophyllene, which was up-regulated by mycorrhizas under drought, suggesting potential increase in volatile organic compounds to initiate plant defense responses. This study provided an overview of AMF-induced metabolites and metabolic pathways in plants under drought, focusing on the terpenoid profile.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on drought stress of soybean

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Aliasgharzad ◽  
Mohammad Neyshabouri ◽  
Ghobad Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

AbstractMycorrhizal symbiosis can potentially improve water uptake by plants. In a controlled pot culture experiment, soybean plants were inoculated with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae (Gm) or Glomus etunicatum (Ge), or left non-inoculated (NM) as control in a sterile soil. Four levels of soil moisture (Field capacity, 0.85 FC, 0.7 FC, 0.6 FC) in the presence or absence of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum, were applied to the pots. Relative water content (RWC) of leaf at both plant growth stages (flowering and seed maturation) decreased with the dryness of soil; RWC was higher in all mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants irrespective of soil moisture level. At the lowest moisture level (0.6 FC) Ge was more efficient than Gm in maintaining high leaf RWC. Leaf water potential (LWP) had the same trend as RWC in flowering stage but it was not significantly influenced by decrease in soil moisture to 0.7 FC during seed maturation stage. Seed and shoot dry weights were affected negatively by drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants, however had significantly higher seed and shoot dry weights than non-mycorrhizal plants at all moisture levels except for seed weight at 0.6 FC. Root mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with RWC, LWP, shoot N and K, and seed weight, implying improvement of plant water and nutritional status as a result of colonization. Regardless of moisture treatments, bacterial inoculation caused a significant enhancement in N content and the highest N occurred in rhizobial inoculated plants at 0.85 FC and 0.7 FC. Shoot K was enhanced considerably by both bacterial and fungal inoculations, particularly in plants with dual inoculations where the highest shoot K levels were found. The relatively higher shoot and seed dry weights in plants inoculated with both G. etunicatum and B. japonicum could be ascribed to their higher RWC and LWP, suggesting that drought avoidance is main mechanism of this plant-microbe association in alleviation of water stress in soybean.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽  
Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽  
You-Cai Xiong ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Reverse Trend ◽  
Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analytical Approach on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Efficiency on Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate symbionts of higher plants which increase the growth and nutrient uptake of host plants. The primary objective was initiated based on analyzing the enormity of optimal effects upon AMF inoculation in a comparative bias between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants stipulated on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Consequently, in accomplishing the above-mentioned objective a vast literature was collected, analyzed, and evaluated to establish a weighted meta-analysis irrespective of AMF species, plant species, family and functional group, and experimental conditions in the context of beneficial effects of AMF. I found a significant increase in the shoot, root, and total biomass by 36.3%, 28.5%, and, 29.7%, respectively. Moreover, mycorrhizal plants significantly increased phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium uptake by 36.3%, 22.1%, and 18.5%, respectively. Affirmatively upon cross-verification studies, plant growth parameters intensification was accredited to AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus followed by Funniliforme mosseae), plants (Triticum aestivum followed by Solanum lycopersicum), and plant functional groups (dicot, herbs, and perennial) were the additional vital important significant predictor variables of plant growth responses. Therefore, the meta-analysis concluded that the emancipated prominent root characteristics, increased morphological traits that eventually help the host plants for efficient phosphorus uptake, thereby enhancing plant biomass. The present analysis can be rationalized for any plant stress and assessment of any microbial agent that contributes to plant growth promotion.

Response of Taxus times media var. densiformis to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
J N Gemma ◽  
R E Koske ◽  
E M Roberts ◽  
S Hester
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Rooted cuttings of Taxus times media var. densiformis Rehd. were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe or Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and grown for 9-15 months in a greenhouse. At the completion of the experiments, leaves of inoculated plants contained significantly more chlorophyll (1.3-4.1 times as much) than did noninoculated plants. In addition, mycorrhizal plants had root systems that were significantly larger (1.3-1.4 times) and longer (1.7-2.1 times) than nonmycorrhizal plants, and they possessed significantly more branch roots (1.3-2.9 times). No differences in stem diameter and height or shoot dry weight were evident at the end of the experiments, although the number of buds was significantly greater in the cuttings inoculated with G. intraradices after 15 months.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a root endophyte on the biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Sinclair ◽  
Christiane Charest ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Sinclair, G., Charest, C., Dalpé, Y. and Khanizadeh, S. 2013. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a root endophyte on the biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 997–999. The influence of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus arenarium, G. caledonium, G. irregulare, and G. mosseae) and a root endophyte species (Piriformospora indica – Sebacinales) was investigated on four “day-neutral” strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cultivars (Albion, Charlotte, Mara des Bois, and Seascape) for their tolerance to salt stress. Fungal symbiosis tended to benefit strawberry plants in their tolerance to salinity, confirming the potential use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in horticulture in arid areas.

Genome-wide identification of citrus calmodulin-like genes and their expression in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Shu ◽  
YaChao Xie ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Dejian Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins represent a diverse family of protein in plants, and play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, the involvement of citrus CMLs in plant responses to drought stress (abiotic stress) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization remain relatively unknown. We characterized the citrus CML genes by analyzing the EF-hand domains and a genome-wide search, and identified a total of 38 such genes, distributed across at least nine chromosomes. Six tandem duplication clusters were observed in the CsCMLs, and 12 CsCMLs exhibited syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana CMLs. Gene expression analysis showed that 29 CsCMLs were expressed in the roots, and exhibited differential expression patterns. The regulation of CsCMLs expression was not consistent with the cis-elements identified in their promoters. CsCML2, 3, and 5 were upregulated in response to drought stress, and AMF colonization repressed the expression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13,20, 27, 28, and 35,and induced that of CsCML1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 30, 33, and 37. Furthermore, AMF colonization and drought stress exerted a synergistic effect, evident from the enhanced repression of CsCML7, 9, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 35 and enhanced expression of CsCML2, 3, and 5 under AMF colonization and drought stress. The present study provides valuable insights into the CsCML gene family and its responses to AMF colonization and drought stress.

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