scholarly journals Fecundity and Mating Propensity ofToxotrypana curvicauda(Diptera: Tephritidae) on an Alternative Host,Jacaratia mexicana(Caricaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez ◽  
Patricia Villa-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Host ◽  
Mating Propensity

Alternative Host Models for Testing Anti-Protozoal or Antifungal Compounds and Fungal Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Torrecilhas ◽  
Patricia Xander ◽  
Karen Spadari Ferreira ◽  
Wagner Luiz Batista
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Invertebrate Models ◽  
Alternative Drugs

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are caused by several parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses and affect more than one billion people in the world. The control and prevention against NTDs need implementation of alternative methods for testing new compounds against these diseases. For the implementation of alternative methods, it is necessary to apply the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs) for the use of laboratory animals. Accordingly, the present review addressed a variety of alternative models to study the infections caused by protozoa and fungi. Overall, vertebrate and invertebrate models of fungal infection have been used to elucidate host-pathogen interactions. However, until now the insect model has not been used in protozoal studies as an alternative method, but there is interest in the scientific community to try new tools to screen alternative drugs to control and prevent protozoal infections.

Dipsacus fullonum: an Alternative Host of Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus in Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Giolitti ◽  
Nicolás Bejerman ◽  
Sergio Lenardon
Keyword(s):  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle Virus ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle

African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Joseph Alabi ◽  
Rabson M. Mulenga
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Abstract Cassava is vegetatively propagated therefore ACMV and other CMGs are primarily transmitted via movement of contaminated cuttings. Consequently, introductions of specific CMGs into new localities mirror patterns of cassava cuttings exchange among farmers. Once infected cuttings are planted, the virus establishes easily and can be transmitted within and between fields through the feeding behaviour of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. ACMV is particularly invasive in that it is the most widespread of all known CMGs, occurring across all cassava-producing countries of Africa in cassava and several alternative host plants (Thottappilly et al., 2003; Alabi et al. 2015). ACMV has also been reported infecting non-cultivated exotic cotton species in Pakistan (Nawaz-Ul-Rehman et al., 2012) further underscoring its invasive nature. Yield loss due to CMD can range from 12 to 82%, depending on the cassava variety and infection type (Owor et al., 2004). ACMV is not on the IUCN or ISSG alert list.

scholarly journals Infection of alternative host plant species by Ustilago maydis

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia G. León-Ramírez ◽  
José Luis Cabrera-Ponce ◽  
Alfredo D. Martínez-Espinoza ◽  
Luis Herrera-Estrella ◽  
Lucila Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Host Plant Species

scholarly journals Parasitism Capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar Souza Andrade ◽  
Fernando Domingo Zinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Total Parasitism

The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and T. acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of the alternative host Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use both species in biological control programs of Nipteria panacea Tierry-Mieg (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The parasitism rhythm and total parasitism of these parasitoid species were affected by the temperature with higher values during the first 24 h of their life. Parasitism period was longer for T. pretiosum and T. acacioi at the lowest temperature.

scholarly journals Larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a suitable alternative host for the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winarti Achmad Sarmin Djainal ◽  
Khalid Shahin ◽  
Alexandra Adams ◽  
Andrew Desbois
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Background Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in cultured warm water fish, such as tilapia. Antibiotics are administered to treat the disease but a better understanding of Fno infection biology will inform improved treatment and prevention measures. However, studies with native hosts are costly and considerable benefits would derive from access to a practical alternative host. Here, larvae of Galleria mellonella were assessed for suitability to study Fno virulence. Results Larvae were killed by Fno in a dose-dependent manner but the insects could be rescued from lethal doses of bacteria by antibiotic therapy. Infection progression was assessed by histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining, Gram Twort and immunohistochemistry) and enumeration of bacteria recovered from the larval haemolymph on selective agar. Fno was phagocytosed and could survive intracellularly, which is consistent with observations in fish. Virulence of five Fno isolates showed strong agreement between G. mellonella and red Nile tilapia hosts. Conclusions This study shows that an alternative host, G. mellonella, can be applied to understand Fno infections, which will assist efforts to identify solutions to piscine francisellosis thus securing the livelihoods of tilapia farmers worldwide and ensuring the production of this important food source.

Sexual Isolation and Mating Propensity Among Allopatric Drosophila mettleri Populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio J. Castrezana ◽  
Therese Ann Markow
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Mating Propensity ◽  
Drosophila Mettleri
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