Cladistic assignment of specimens to species of the cystoporate bryozoan genera Strotopora Ulrich and Cliotrypa Ulrich and Bassler using gap-coded characters

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Pachut ◽  
Alan Stanley Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Character State ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
First Time

Gap-coding permits the use of continuous metric characters in cladistic analyses. Character means are converted to integer equivalents by placing character state divisions in the locations of phenetic breaks between specimen clusters, under the assumption that these breaks represent the locations of bottlenecks in character distributions. Similarities and differences between specimens from closely related species of cystoporate bryozoans were evaluated for the first time by converting continuous morphometric measurements into gap-coded binary and multistate characters and analyzing them cladistically, rather than just phenetically, across multiple species of Strotopora, Cliotrypa ramosa and Fistulipora compressa.Our results demonstrate that cladistic analysis of gap-coded morphological characters can be effective in resolving phylogenetic relationships at low taxonomic levels (within and among genera) while objectively highlighting both the morphological features that specimens (taxa) share and those characteristics that differentiate them. Differences in cystiphragm abundances and sizes, especially in the proximal portions of colonies, discriminate between species of Strotopora. Colony size and growth form, abundances and lengths of hemiphragms, and sizes of cystopores discriminate between Strotopora and the closely related genus Cliotrypa. Cladistic patterns indicate that Strotopora foveolata Ulrich is a valid species with Strotopora dermata as its junior subjective synonym. Fistulipora compressa is reassigned to the genus Strotopora whereas a decision on the taxonomic status of Cliotrypa ramosa requires a broader cladistic analysis of fistuliporine genera.

scholarly journals Revision of the southern Andean genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 91-137
Author(s):  
Marília Pessoa-Silva ◽  
Marcos Ryotaro Hara ◽  
Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Classification ◽  
As Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Inquirendae

Species of the genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 are conspicuous gonyleptids that occur in Chile and Argentina. Here, the genus is revised for the first time and the cladistic analysis based on morphological characters does not corroborate its monophyly unless a phylogenetically unrelated species is excluded (explained further on). A new classification is proposed for the seven species left in the genus and considered valid, of the 13 nominal species previously recognized. Two out of the seven valid species are considered as species inquirendae: Sadocus allermayeri (Mello-Leitão, 1945) [= Carampangue allermayeri Mello-Leitão, 1945] and Sadocus nigronotatus (Mello-Leitão, 1943) [= Carampangue nigronotatum Mello-Leitão, 1943]. The following synonymies are proposed: Sadocus bicornis (Gervais, 1849) [original combination = Gonyleptes bicornis Gervais, 1849] is a junior synonym of Sadocus asperatus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes asperatus Gervais, 1847]; Sadocus conspicillatus Roewer, 1913, Sadocus exceptionalis (Mello-Leitão, 1946) [= Araucanoleptes exceptionalis Mello-Leitão, 1946] and Sadocus guttatus Sørensen, 1902 are junior synonyms of the valid name Sadocus polyacanthus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes polyacanthus Gervais, 1847]; and Sadocus calcar (Roewer, 1913) [= Lycomedes calcar Roewer, 1913] is a junior synonym of the valid name Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819. Sadocus brasiliensis Soares & Soares, 1949 is not congeneric with Argentinean/Chilean species of the genus according to the cladistic analysis and is here synonymized with Discocyrtus catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923 [= Sadocus catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1923]).

Corrigendum to: Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Edilson Caron ◽  
Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa ◽  
Alfred F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support

Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.

Uncovering Neotropical treefrog diversity: integrative taxonomy reveal paraphyly in Boana atlantica (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-521
Author(s):  
Luana Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Marcos Jorge Matias Dubeux ◽  
Filipe Augusto Cavalcanti do Nascimento ◽  
Daniel Pacheco Bruschi ◽  
Tamí Mott
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Species Being

Abstract Boana atlantica was described based on morphological characters to acommodate populations from Bahia state, Brazil, previously referred to as B. punctata. However, its taxonomic validity is questionable due to inconsistencies in bioacoustic data. Here, we integrate molecular, cytogenetic and morphological data to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of B. atlantica. Molecular analyses provided strong support for the hypothesis that B. atlantica is a valid species, being, however, nominal populations from Bahia state paraphyletic with respect to individuals of B. atlantica collected in Alagoas and Pernambuco states. These populations shown high genetic divergence in the 16S rRNA mitochondrial fragment, and we consider populations from Alagoas and Pernambuco as a putative new candidate species of Boana punctata group. The external and internal morphology of the tadpoles of these lineages were similar, but Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NOR) was sited in different chromosomes. Our results indicate that B. atlantica is paraphyletic and may be a complex of species. Morphological of adult and/or bioacoustical data should be further assessed to find diagnostic characters to tease these lineages apart and name them properly.

Larval development of the shrimp Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B (Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) reared in the laboratory, confirmation of the conspecific status of the two forms

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2579 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDROS NTAKIS ◽  
CHRYSSA ANASTASIADOU ◽  
ROMAN LIASKO ◽  
IOANNIS D. LEONARDOS
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Immature Form ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
First Time

The complete series of larval staging of Hippolyte sapphica d’Udekem d’Acoz, 1993 forma A and B from Louros estuary was studied in the laboratory and described in detail for the first time. The reared larvae of H. sapphica passed through six zoeal stages and one megalopal stage. The larval monitoring completed when the individuals could be assigned clearly to form A and B via rostra formation. Under the experimental conditions, the average durations of the larval stages were as follows: three days for 1 st and 2 nd stages, three to four days for 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th and 6 th stages, four days for the megalopal stage and 19 to 30 days for immature form A and B individuals. Comparison of the larval morphological characters among the described material and the bibliographic data of closely related species was made and discussed. The offspring of females of the forma A includes forma A and B and the same can be said of the offspring of the forma B. This confirms that the formae A and B are indeed conspecific.

Revision of the genus Alonopsis Sars, 1862 and its position within Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2800 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTEM Y. SINEV ◽  
MARGARITA M. ATROSCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

Taxonomic status of the genus Alonopsis was clarified by the morphological study and cladistic analysis. Morphology of both valid species, A. elongata (Sars, 1861) and A. aureolata Doolitle, 1912, was investigated. So far, generic status of the group was questioned, some authors treated Alonopsis as a part of the genus Acroperus. Our data confirm independent status of Alonopsis, and emended diagnosis of the genus is provided. According to our analysis, Acroperus and Alonopsis are the sister-groups of a monophyletic clade, each having their own autapomorphies. Both genera belong to a well-defined group of Aloninae (named here as Arthrocauda-group), which is characterized by the presence of well-developed abdominal joint and elongated narrow postabdomen. There are two parallel clades within the group, one formed by Acroperus and Alonopsis, other by Parakozhowia, Kozhowia and Camptocercus. According to our analysis, these branches have numerous homoplasies, the most significant of them is the independent appearance of the head keel in two most successful genera, Acroperus and Camptocercus.

First record of brachyuran crab Heteropanope glabra Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pilumnidae) from India

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigneshkumar N. Trivedi ◽  
Gunjan M. Soni ◽  
Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Man ◽  
First Time

Heteropanope glabraStimpson, 1858 belonging to family Pilumnidae is reported for the first time from the mangrove mudflats of India. The identification of the species is difficult because the species shares similar morphological characters with other closely related species likeBenthopanope indica(De Man, 1887). Studies in the past have reported the presence ofH. glabrafrom coastal areas of Burma to Japan. The present study reports the presence ofH. glabraon the western coast of India, which lies outside the old distribution range of the species.

Revision, phylogeny and natural history of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1782 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICO M. FRANZ
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
History Of

Cotithene Voss, a previously monotypic genus of Neotropical derelomine flower weevils (Curculionidae: Derelomini), is revised, with provision of a key to the species, cladistic analysis and notes on its natural history. The following six new species are described: C. anaphalanta (Costa Rica), C. dicranopygia (Costa Rica), C. leptorhamphis (Costa Rica, Panama), C. melanoptera (Venezuela), C. stratiotricha (Costa Rica) and C. trigaea (Costa Rica). The monophyly of Cotithene is supported by the characters of a dorsomedially expanded, carinate rostrum, ventrally angulate head, long and anteriorly directed setation on the anterior margin of the prosternum and an apicodorsally expanded aedeagus with paired sclerites in the male, and subcontiguous to separated procoxal cavities in the female. Particularly the males of several species have intriguing and allometrically scaled modifications on the head (triangular projections, long setae) and pronotum (expansion, tumescences), which possibly play a role in male-to-male conflicts. Cotithene species are specialized to visit and reproduce on a narrow range of typically closely related species of Cyclanthaceae. The adults do not function as pollinators, and the herbivorous larvae develop in the fruiting organs of their hosts, frequently triggering the abortion of infructescences. An analysis of 12 taxa (5 outgroup, 7 ingroup) and 32 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L = 38, CI = 89, RI = 93) with the topology (C. dicranopygia, (C. stratiotricha, ((C. leptorhamphis, C. trigaea), (C. globulicollis Voss, (C. anaphalanta, C. melanoptera))))). The evolution of morphological traits and host shifts is examined in light of the proposed phylogeny.

Variability, host range, delimitation and neotypification of Amanita simulans (Amanita section Vaginatae): collections associated with Helianthemum grasslands, and epitypification of A. lividopallescens

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO VIZZINI ◽  
MIRCA ZOTTI ◽  
MIDO TRAVERSO ◽  
ENRICO ERCOLE ◽  
PIERRE-ARTHUR MOREAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Colour Form ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Several collections of Amanita species from section Vaginatae have been reported to be strictly associated with Helianthemum plants growing in grasslands, a still largely under-explored ectomycorrhizal habitat. The main aim of this study was to investigate the taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of strictly Helianthemum-associated Amanita sect. Vaginatae taxa, informally named Amanita “helianthemicola”. Collections from Italy, England and France were included in this study. The morphologically closely related species complex A. lividopallescens was also examined. Analyses were carried out based on both morphological and molecular data (phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS sequences). All investigated Amanita collections, which are strictly associated with Helianthemum nummularium, turned out to be conspecific with A. simulans. Amanita simulans was recently described from Sardinia (Italy) from Populus nigra habitats based on morphological characters only. As the holotype of A. simulans was lost, a neotype is designated here based on a voucher from the original collecting area. Amanita simulans is re-described, and an extensive discussion on the morphological variability, host species range, distribution and related taxa is provided. Amanita lividopallescens was confirmed as a good species, and re-delimited based on our phylogenetic analysis; moreover, it was epitypified with a recent and well-documented collection from Corse (France). Amanita stenospora is a synonym of A. lividopallescens, being a colour form of the latter without taxonomic value.

Phylogeny of the genus Bryoria

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena MYLLYS ◽  
Saara VELMALA ◽  
Håkon HOLIEN ◽  
Pekka HALONEN ◽  
Li-Song WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Current Species

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the genus Bryoria were examined using ITS, partial glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequence data in addition to 20 chemical and morphological characters. This first comprehensive molecular study to assess Bryoria phylogeny includes representatives from all the traditionally recognized four sections. Combined cladistic analyses of 88 Bryoria specimens representing at least 25 species resulted in highly resolved phylogenies. Based on the results, a new infrageneric classification for the genus is proposed. Five sections are recognized, largely corresponding to the existing classification, with the addition of section Americanae. The study shows that while most species with an erect growth-form are clearly monophyletic, current species status of many pendent taxa can be questioned.

scholarly journals A preliminary molecular assessment of the taxonomic validity of Hexagenia orlando Traver, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Alexander Benjamin Orfinger
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Uncertainty ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Hexagenia Limbata ◽  
First Time

In an effort to evaluate the taxonomic uncertainty of the species status of Hexagenia orlando Traver, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), molecular data were used for the first time to test its current classification. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) haplotypes were evaluated using three types of analyses in the form of distance-based, tree-based, and model-based delimitation methods. All analyses consistently recovered H. orlando as a valid species. These preliminary results lend evidence reinforcing the current classification scheme and encourage renewed scrutiny of adults and nymphs to hopefully identify additional morphological characters that may serve to separate H. orlando and its congener Hexagenia limbata (Serville, 1829).

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