THE MAINTENANCE OF LACTATION IN THE RAT AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Pituitary Tissue ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Rat Pituitary

SUMMARY Attempts to maintain lactation in rats, hypophysectomized on the 4th day of lactation, with extracts of ox and rat pituitary and various purified anterior-pituitary hormones (prolactin, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)), singly and in various combinations, are described. Slight replacement effects were seen with pituitary extracts and with prolactin alone (25 i.u. twice daily). Higher milk yields (about 25% of normal) were obtained with a larger dose of prolactin (50 i.u. twice daily). ACTH and/or GH in combination with the lower dose of prolactin (25 i.u. twice daily) enhanced the replacement value of prolactin, but no such synergistic action was seen when they were combined with the higher dose (50 i.u. twice daily). Neither ACTH nor GH, when administered alone, had any replacement value, although a slight replacement was obtained when they were administered together. Intermedin alone failed to maintain lactation. In no case was complete maintenance of lactation achieved, although yields of almost half the normal were obtained in two rats receiving prolactin (25 i.u. twice daily) and ACTH (4 i.u. once daily). No evidence of gross changes in the calorie content of the milk during replacement therapy was obtained. The difficulties of assessing the degree of maintenance of milk secretion and the possible significance of fragments of anterior-pituitary tissue remaining after hypophysectomy are discussed.

scholarly journals ISOLATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Costoff ◽  
W. H. McShan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Single Fraction ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands

A method is described for the isolation of secretory granules from rat anterior pituitary glands. The method consists of differential and isopycnic gradient centrifugations, followed by filtration of the zones containing granules on Nuclepore filters to remove mitochondria. Highly purified granules were obtained as indicated by electron microscopy. Major parts of the thyrotropin (TSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were recovered in a single fraction of granules as were follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones. The somatotropin (STH) and prolactin (LTH) were recovered in separate granule fractions. The major parts of the six different hormones were associated with their respective granule fractions as shown by bioassays specific for each of the hormones. The diameters of granules in sections of intact rat pituitary glands and in isolated pellets were measured, and the means and ranges were in close agreement. These results contribute to the identification of the cell types which produce the different pituitary hormones.

scholarly journals Simultaneous visualization by light microscopy of two pituitary hormones in a single tissue section using a combination of indirect immunohistochemical methods.

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
G T Campbell ◽  
A S Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
Secondary Antibodies ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Two indirect methods involving enzyme-labeled antibodies were used to demonstrate simultaneously two distinct tissue antigens in the same histologic section without a need for antigen-antibody dissociative procedures. Sections of rat pituitary gland were incubated with rabbit anti-rat luteinizing hormone followed by goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The same sections were then further incubated with monkey anti-rat growth hormone followed by goat anti-monkey gamma-globulin conjugated to glucose oxidase. Antigenic luteinizing hormone was subsequently localized with hydrogen peroxide-3,3'-diaminobenzidine as substrate for peroxidase, and growth hormone was localized with a glucose-phenazine methosulfate-nitroblue tetrazolium mixture as a substrate for glucose oxidase. The method relies on the availability of specific primary antibodies raised in different animal species in addition to corresponding specific secondary antibodies linked covalently to separate enzymes.

Panhypopituitarism

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Diane Donegan ◽  
Irina Bancos
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Posterior Pituitary ◽  
Oral Ectoderm ◽  
Neural Ectoderm

Hypopituitarism is defined as a deficiency in 1 or more pituitary hormones. The pituitary gland is composed of the anterior pituitary, which originates from an invagination of the oral ectoderm and forms the Rathke pouch, and the posterior pituitary, which is derived from the neural ectoderm of the diencephalon. The anterior pituitary is composed of 5 types of hormone-producing cells: Somatotrophs produce growth hormone; gonadotrophs, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone; thyrotrophs, thyrotropin; 4 lactotrophs, prolactin; and corticotrophs, corticotropin. Identification of hypopituitarism is important because of its association with premature death due to respiratory and cardiovascular complications.

ROLE OF GROWTH HORMONE IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE PROPYLTHIOURACIL-INDUCED GOITROGENESIS BY SMALL DOSES OF THYROXINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin C. H. Ching ◽  
Don S. Schalch ◽  
Nancy J. A. Lebda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Growth Phenomenon ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT The potcntiation of the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced goitrogenesis after chronic administration of small doses of thyroid hormone has been attributed to the high circulating level of thyrotrophin (TSH) or to the re-instatement of insulin. In re-examining this problem radioimmunoassayable concentrations of TSH, thyroxine (T4), insulin, and growth hormone (GH) were observed in sera of rats at sequential intervals after surgical or chemical thyroidectomy and after thyroidectomy and replacement therapy with GH or T4. In addition, TSH, GH or a combination of both hormones were injected into hypophysectomized recipients in a further attempt to delineate the effect of either hormone on the thyroid. As expected, the rate of body growth was inversely proportional to the apparent severity of the hypothyroidism achieved in the several experimental groups. Goitrogenesis was enhanced after T4 treatment but evidently was not the exclusive result of increased blood levels of TSH or insulin. Evidence is presented that suggest the enhancement of goitrogenesis may be a growth phenomenon involving the additive or synergistic action of GH and TSH and possibly of other hormones.

THE PREPARATION OF SHEEP GROWTH HORMONE

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. C. WALLACE ◽  
K. A. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Main Components

SUMMARY Growth hormone has been prepared from sheep pituitary glands by chromatography of a simple buffer extract on DEAE-cellulose. The preparation appears to be free of other anterior pituitary hormones but shows two main components when analysed by starch gel electrophoresis. These components appear similar to those present in standard preparations of ox growth hormone. Sheep growth hormone prepared by this method is not significantly less active than purified ox growth hormone when compared by the tibial-epiphysial cartilage response in hypophysectomized rats.

THE INTERACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE WITH OTHER HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES ON THE RELEASE OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. LOOIJ ◽  
A. C. NIEUWENHUIJZEN KRUSEMAN ◽  
A. H. MUDDE ◽  
M. FRÖLICH ◽  
G. P. PIADITIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hypothalamic Hormones
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