THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS HORMONES ON AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR IN THE RING DOVE (STREPTOPELIA RISORIA)

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VOWLES ◽  
D. HARWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Hormonal Effects ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Dove ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Model Predator

SUMMARY The aggressive and defensive behaviour of the ring dove was studied in response to a model predator and to another member of the same species. During a single breeding cycle defensive behaviour increased rapidly just before laying, reached a second peak at the time of hatching, and declined as the squabs became independent. Cocks showed aggressive behaviour to other doves throughout the cycle, but this response reached a peak soon after laying, and declined at the time of hatching. The effects of seven daily injections of oestrogen, progesterone, progesterone plus oestrogen, testosterone, and prolactin were studied. In both sexes prolactin and progesterone (with and without oestrogen) increased defensive behaviour towards a predator; in hens these hormones also increased defensive behaviour towards other birds. In cocks, however, prolactin had no effect on the response to other doves; progesterone (with and without oestrogen) increased aggressiveness, and oestrogen increased nest-cooing. Single injections of the same hormones produced similar effects, with the exception that testosterone and oestrogen in hens caused a temporary (1–5 hr.) increase in defensive behaviour. The latency of most hormonal effects was 30 min. to 2 hr., although the injections were intramuscular. This suggests a direct effect on central nervous mechanisms. Progesterone had a latency of 12–18 hr., suggesting an indirect effect.

Factors affecting prolactin secretion during the breeding cycle of the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) and its possible role in incubation

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lea ◽  
D. M. Vowles ◽  
H. R. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Nest Defence ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Dove ◽  
Defence Behaviour

ABSTRACT Plasma prolactin began to increase significantly about 5 days after the onset of incubation in both sexes of the dove to reach a peak at the time of hatch. At this time, the concentration of prolactin in the plasma of the female was significantly higher than in the male. In the middle of the incubation period prolactin levels measured over a 24-h period remained constant in both sexes, although the male sits during the middle of the day and the female for the rest of the time. Nest deprivation resulted in a sharp, significant decline in the concentration of prolactin in both sexes. Newly hatched squabs stimulated the release of prolactin only in those doves which had been incubating eggs for several days. A distinct sex difference was observed in the expression of nest defence behaviour of the ring dove during the breeding cycle. At the time of laying, the female was significantly more aggressive than the male and her aggression increased only slightly up to the time of hatching. In contrast, male aggression increased gradually from a low level at laying to reach a peak at the time of hatching. The levels of plasma progesterone in the female showed a significant increase around the time of lay. No significant changes occurred in the plasma concentration of either progesterone or 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in the male. Administration of prolactin increased the length of time of incubation of infertile eggs. Nest manipulations which had the effect of inducing the doves to begin incubation 4 days before laying showed that (1) the length of time of incubation of infertile eggs is fixed and independent of events which occur at courtship or oviposition, (2) the initiation of the increase in plasma prolactin concentration during incubation is independent of events which occur at courtship and oviposition and (3) the termination of incubation is always preceded by a fall in the concentration of plasma prolactin. It is concluded that the length of time of incubation is dependent upon sustained raised levels of plasma prolactin. The concentration of plasma prolactin increases several days after the onset of incubation in response to the tactile stimulation of sitting. High levels, if maintained by visual stimulation from the nest, maintain incubation for a fixed period. After this, if the eggs fail to hatch, prolactin levels fall and the doves cease incubation and begin a new cycle. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 447–458

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Produk Makanan Olahan Halal pada Konsumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Saniatun Nurhasah ◽  
Jono M Munandar ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Indonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.</p>

Moral Disengagement About Cyberbullying and Parental Monitoring: Effects on Traditional Bullying and Victimization via Cyberbullying Involvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Meter ◽  
Sheri Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Traditional Bullying ◽  
Traditional Victimization ◽  
And Gender

The indirect effects of moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring on traditional victimization and bullying via cyberbullying involvement were examined in a diverse sample of 800 youth in Grades 3 to 8. After controlling for grade and gender, moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had an indirect effect on traditional victimization and bullying through cyberbullying involvement. Moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring had a direct effect on traditional bullying. Results suggest that moral disengagement about cyberbullying and parental monitoring affect cyberbullying involvement and additionally impact experiences beyond the cyber context.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AND ECONOMY OF EAST JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Bambang Purnomo ◽  
Rahmawati Erma StandsyahStandsyah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Positive Direct

East Java statistics indicate that the total population of East Java Province is increasing every year. The increase in the population is followed by an increase in social problems, including unemployment. The unemployment rate can affect the economy of the society. Efforts must be made to reduce it by improving the quality of society through factors related to education and health. According to data from East Java in 2017, East Java's education has a significant positive direct effect on the East Java economy of 0.343%, while indirectly through unemployment has an insignificant effect increased by 0.0021%. In addition, health has no significant direct and indirect effect on the East Java economy with coefficients of 0.078% and -0.0023%, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of refugee population on development: A comparative analysis for the case of host economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kouni
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between refugees and development in host economies from a macroeconomic point of view. The results obtained show that this relationship is non-linear. The empirical results demonstrate that refugees have a positive and significant direct effect in high and lower-middle-income countries. A positive and significant indirect effect of refugees through labor force and RD channels is also present in the same groups. In upper-middle-income and low-income countries, the direct effect of refugees is negative and significant. Similarly, the indirect effect of the refugee population on development through labor force channel is also negative and statistically significant. However, the indirect effect of refugees through RD channel is statistically significant only for the low-income country group.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Identitas Sosial Dan Co-Creation Terhadap Niat Berperilaku Anggota Komunitas Online VW: Efek Moderasi Nostalgia

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Munir Sukoco ◽  
Untung Teko TP
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Implications

Developing relationships with customers through brand community is the recent tool for marketers for customer relationship management (CRM) program. The existence of a community, especially virtual, depends on the members’ participation as well as their recommendation to others. Previous studies indicate that members’ participation and recommendation depends on how deep is their identification toward the community. This article argues that social identification itself is not enough, unless the members engage in co-creation activities by exchanging knowledge with other members (co-consumption) and producers (co-production). Further, this article further argues that the effect of social identity on members’ co-creation and behavioral intentions will be moderated by their nostalgia proneness. We conducted survey among Volkswagen Indonesia CyberCommunity (VICC) members as one of the legendary brand in Indonesia. The results indicate that direct effect of social identity on members’ behavioral intentions is greater than indirect effect through co-creation. The moderating effect of nostalgia proneness is significant on the relationship between social identity and behavioral intentions, in which the effect is larger when members’ identification is low. Managerial and academic implications are further discussed in this paper. 

scholarly journals Faktor Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pilot Dan Kecelakaan Pesawat Terbang Dengan Pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Abadi Dwi Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square

Transportasi udara terselenggara apabila ada interaksi antar faktor manusia dengan faktor lainnya demikian pula dengan kecelakaan pesawat terbang terjadi karena adanya interaksi antar faktor manusia dan faktor penyebab kecelakaan lainnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, pada penelitian ini ingin dilakukan perhitungan terhadap kondisi operasional penerbangan yang terdiri dari dimensi waktu terbang, fase terbang, lokasi, dan cuaca terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan pesawat terbang secara langsung (direct effect) dan juga pengaruhnya terhadap pilot itu sendiri dalam hal ini adalah pengaruh terhadap kinerja yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan pesawat terbang (indirect effect). Analisis penelitian menggunakan metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis diketahui bahwa H1 (waktu terbang dengan kinerja), H4 (fase terbang dengan kecelakaan), H5 (lokasi dengan kinerja), H7 (cuaca dengan kinerja) dan H8 (cuaca dengan kecelakaan) terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Pada H3 (fase terbang dengan kinerja), H6 (lokasi dengan kecelakaan) dan H9 (kinerja dengan kecelakaan) berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan, sedangkan H2 (waktu terbang dengan kecelakaan) berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan. Kata kunci: Kecelakaan Pesawat Terbang, Kinerja, Partial Least Square.

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