RENAL FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.): CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND RENAL FUNCTION OF THE FRESHWATER EEL TRANSFERRED TO SEA-WATER

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
D. K. O. CHAN ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Clearance Rates

SUMMARY A method for the study of renal function and measurement of mean ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure for the freshwater and seawater-adapted eel, and during transfer of the animal from fresh water to sea-water, is described. Freshwater eels have higher resting blood pressure, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and inulin clearance rates and urine flow than seawater eels. Urine from freshwater animals has low Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations, while the clearance rate of inorganic phosphate exceeded that of inulin. Urine from seawater animals has high Na, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations while that of inorganic phosphate was low. Clearance rates for Ca and Mg greatly exceeded those of inulin. During transfer from fresh water to sea-water there was an initial fluctuation in blood pressure, urine flow and PAH and inulin clearance rates which lasted about 2 hr. Thereafter these gradually declined to values observed for the seawater-adapted animal. The significance of PAH and inulin clearance rates in the study of renal function in the eel and in teleosts in general is discussed.

Kinetics of Water and Chloride Exchanges During Adaptation of the European Eel to Sea Water

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
R. KIRSCH ◽  
N. MAYER-GOSTAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of

Using isotopic procedures, the drinking rate and chloride exchanges were studied in the eel Anguilla anguilla during transfer from fresh water to sea water. 1. Following transfer to sea water there is a threefold increase of the drinking rate (lasting about 1 h). Then it falls to a minimum after 12-16 h and rises again to a maximum level about the seventh day after the transfer. Then a gradual reduction leads to a steady value which is not significantly different from the one observed in fresh water. 2. The changes with time of the plasma sodium and chloride concentrations are given. Their kinetics are not completely alike. 3. The chloride outflux increases 40-fold on transfer of the eel to sea water, but even so it is very low. After the sixth hour in sea water there is a progressive increase in the flux, so that on the fourth day it is higher (500 µ-equiv. h-1.100 g-1) than in the seawater-adapted animals (230 µ-equiv.h-1.100 g-1). 4. Drinking rate values in adapted animals are discussed in relation to the external medium. The kinetics of the drinking rate together with variations in body weights after freshwater-seawater transfer are discussed in relation to the possible stimulus of the drinking reflex. 5. Chloride fluxes (outflux, net flux, digestive entry) are compared and lead one to assume that in seawater-adapted fish one-third of the chloride influx enters via the gut and two-thirds via the gills.

RENAL FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.): EFFECTS OF THE CAUDAL NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM, CORPUSCLES OF STANNIUS, NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL PEPTIDES AND VASOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
D. K. O. CHAN ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Caudal Neurosecretory System ◽  
Corpuscles Of Stannius

SUMMARY Removal of the caudal neurosecretory system from freshwater eels did not affect urine flow or urinary Na excretion. There was, however, a marked initial increase in K, Ca and Mg excretion which later declined to very low levels by the 4th day after operation. Intravenous injection of saline extracts of Mugil or Anguilla urophyses elicited a rise in urine flow and inulin clearance rates. This response was correlated with rises in blood pressure in the dorsal aorta. Urinary Na concentration also increased. Injection of saline extracts of corpuscles of Stannius at the dose of two glands/kg. body weight generally caused an initial decline in inulin clearance rates while urine volume increased. Smaller doses caused the reduction of inulin clearance rates only. Isotocin, amongst the neurohypophysial peptides, was the most effective in causing a diuresis and increases in p-aminohippuric acid and inulin clearance rates. There was little or no change in urinary Na concentration. Oxytocin and arginine vasotocin were effective but less potent. Arginine or lysine vasopressin had no effect even at large doses. Angiotensin II and adrenaline induced diuresis and natriuresis followed occasionally by a transient antidiuresis.

Effects of rapid changes in salinity on the renal function of a euryhaline teleost

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren R. Fleming ◽  
Jon G. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Euryhaline Teleost ◽  
Urine And Serum

Techniques developed to study renal function of the euryhaline teleost, Fundulus kansae, are described. Effects of a sudden transfer from fresh water to sea water on urine flow and urine and serum osmotic pressures were studied. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of animals adapted to fresh water and to sea water for 7 days were estimated. Urine flow was found to be a function of size and of handling, as well as of salinity. Animals held in fresh water showed an initial diuresis which reached a peak approximately 2 hr after cannulation. Urine flow thereafter was in the range of 200 ml/kg per day for fish weighing 1.58 ± 0.3 g, and the estimated GFR was 600 ml/kg per day. Animals held in sea water had urine flows ranging from 5 to 20 ml/kg per day, and filtration rates ranging from 20 to 45 ml/kg per day were estimated. The urine collected from the 2nd to approximately the 10th day after a sudden transfer into sea water was hypertonic to the serum. It is concluded that both a reduction in GFR and an increase in the tubular reabsorption of water are elements of renal function utilized when this animal moves from a hypotonic to a hypertonic environment.

Plasma Chloride and Sodium, and Chloride Space in the European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla L

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
R. KIRSCH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Sea Water Adaptation ◽  
Sodium Regulation ◽  
High Degree

1. New intra-vascular cannulation techniques are described, and also an extra-corporal blood circuit containing an artificial heart and a counting cell. This makes possible a continuous study of the radioactivity of the blood. 2. Plasma chloride concentration varies greatly in fresh-water eels despite good sodium regulation. 3. The fresh-water to sea-water adaptation of eels is frequently accompanied by a temporary hypermineralization of the internal medium. This necessitates a high degree of cellular euryhalinity. 4. The sea-water-adapted eel maintains strict homeostasis of its plasma chloride and sodium. 5. The chloride distribution space decreases by 10% when eels are transferred from fresh water to sea water. The internal distribution of chloride is also modified and its fluxes between the ion compartments of the body are considerably increased.

NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONAL CONTROL OF KIDNEY FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.) ADAPTED TO SEA-WATER OR FRESH WATER

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BABIKER ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Freshwater Eels

Low doses of arginine-vasotocin (AVT), isotocin and oxytocin (1 pg–1 ng/kg body weight) were antidiuretic in eels adapted to fresh water but not in those adapted to sea-water. High doses (more than 10 ng/kg) were always diuretic. No effects on tubular water reabsorption were observed and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was proportional to the maximum reabsorptive rate for glucose (Tm (glucose)) in eels adapted to sea-water. Increases in urinary flow appeared therefore to result from glomerular recruitment. Infusion of AVT or isotocin at low rates reduced the GFR and urinary flow of freshwater eels to the levels found in seawater eels. Vasopressin (lysine or arginine) had no direct effect on kidney function in freshwater eels but blocked both the diuretic and antidiuretic actions of the other hormones. When infused into seawater eels it was diuretic. This effect could have been due to blockade of the actions of endogenous AVT and/or isotocin.

The effects of transecting the IXth and Xth cranial nerves on hydromineral balance in the eel Anguilla anguilla

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-475
Author(s):  
N. Mayer-Gostan ◽  
T. Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Hydromineral Balance

The IXth and the Xth cranial nerves in Anguilla anguilla were transected, and the effects upon ion and water balance were studied in fresh water and sea water, and during transfer from fresh water and vice versa. In fresh water there is a slow demineralization due to an excess loss of Na and Cl ions. During freshwater to seawater transfer the eel survives only for 4–5 days. The fish do not drink and Na efflux does not increase enough to extrude excess ions. In sea water the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are necessary for the maintenance of the hydromineral balance. Denervation is followed by an increase in plasma ion concentrations. Na fluxes are not modified and increased water loss is not compensated by drinking. The rapid reduction of Na efflux during transfer from sea water to fresh water is not modified by denervation.

A light microscopic study of the action of sodium orthovanadate on the gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels (Anguilla anguilla L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Kelly ◽  
B. J. S. Pirie ◽  
M. V. Bell ◽  
J. R. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Sodium Orthovanadate ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Gill Filaments

Gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels were perfused at a constant pressure with physiological Ringer containing 10−6 M sodium orthovanadate and examined by light microscopy. The secondary gill filaments were markedly vasoconstricted in both freshwater and sea-water fish although the peripheral blood route around the secondary filaments was unaffected. The central venous space in the primary filament was largely unaffected. Significant constriction of both afferent and efferent arteries on the primary filament occurred. We conclude that orthovanadate vasoconstricts eel gills mainly at the level of the secondary filaments. The study also emphasizes that chloride cells are located on both the primary and secondary filaments of fresh-water gills but solely on the primary filaments of sea-water gills.

REGULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMA CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. O. CHAN ◽  
I. CHESTER JONES
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Corpuscles Of Stannius ◽  
Freshwater Eel ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The amounts of ionized, complexed and protein-bound calcium and total inorganic phosphate were measured in the plasma of the eel. Groups comprised freshwater, seawater and distilled water eels; treatment with corticotrophin (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone or oestrogen; adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized eels and those with the corpuscles of Stannius removed. In the intact animal, the amounts of ultrafiltrable and ionic calcium and inorganic phosphate in the plasma were very constant despite wide variation in the electrolyte composition of the external medium. In the freshwater eel, 1 week after removal of the corpuscles of Stannius, there was a rise in the level of ultrafiltrable calcium and a decline in that of inorganic phosphate. At 3 weeks after operation, although total calcium concentration remained elevated, ultrafiltrable and ionic calcium concentrations returned to control values. Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy of the freshwater eel resulted in a decline in total calcium concentration with change in the levels of ultrafiltrable calcium or inorganic phosphate. In the seawater eel, adrenalectomy or removal of the corpuscles of Stannius resulted in an increase in total and ultrafiltrable calcium concentrations. Injection of ACTH, cortisol or aldosterone did not affect calcium concentrations but gave a slight decline in inorganic phosphate levels. Injection of oestrogen increased total calcium concentration without affecting ultrafiltrable or ionic calcium concentrations. The relationship of the amounts of ultrafiltrable calcium and inorganic phosphate to the solubility product [ultrafiltrable calcium] × [phosphate] is discussed and attention drawn to the importance of protein-binding in calcium homeostasis.

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