Activities and localization of succinic dehydrogenase and Na+/K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase in the gills of fresh water and sea water eels (Anguilla anguilla)

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Sargent ◽  
A.J. Thompson ◽  
M. Bornancin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla

scholarly journals The nature and properties of the inducible sodium-plus-potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in the gills of eels (Anguilla anguilla) adapted to fresh water and sea water

1974 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Sargent ◽  
Alison J. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Protein Components

1. Gill tissue from eels adapted to fresh water or to sea water was disrupted in 0.32m-sucrose containing 0.1% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate and the subcellular distribution of (Na++K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase was determined. 2. About 70% of the recovered enzyme was in a fraction sedimenting between 225000gav.-min and 6000000gav.-min; the specific activities of enzymes from tissues of freshwater and seawater eels were 16 and 51 μmol of phosphate/h per mg of protein respectively. 3. The enzymes from gills of freshwater and seawater eels were indistinguishable on the basis of a number of parameters. These included phosphorylation by [γ-32P]ATP, the binding of [3H]ouabain, the extent to which bound [3H]ouabain was displaced by increasing concentrations of KCl and pH optima. 4. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulphate showed that enzyme preparations from both sources had an identical number of protein components. 5. The higher specific activity of (Na++K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from tissue of seawater eels was accompanied by increased amounts of two protein components. One of these proteins retained 32P after treatment of the enzyme with [γ-32P]ATP and had mol.wt. 97000; the other component was a glycoprotein with mol.wt. approx. 46000. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the transepithelial NaCl pumps in the gills of freshwater and seawater fish.

The effects of transecting the IXth and Xth cranial nerves on hydromineral balance in the eel Anguilla anguilla

1976 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-475
Author(s):  
N. Mayer-Gostan ◽  
T. Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Hydromineral Balance

The IXth and the Xth cranial nerves in Anguilla anguilla were transected, and the effects upon ion and water balance were studied in fresh water and sea water, and during transfer from fresh water and vice versa. In fresh water there is a slow demineralization due to an excess loss of Na and Cl ions. During freshwater to seawater transfer the eel survives only for 4–5 days. The fish do not drink and Na efflux does not increase enough to extrude excess ions. In sea water the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are necessary for the maintenance of the hydromineral balance. Denervation is followed by an increase in plasma ion concentrations. Na fluxes are not modified and increased water loss is not compensated by drinking. The rapid reduction of Na efflux during transfer from sea water to fresh water is not modified by denervation.

Kinetics of Water and Chloride Exchanges During Adaptation of the European Eel to Sea Water

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
R. KIRSCH ◽  
N. MAYER-GOSTAN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
The One ◽  
Kinetics Of

Using isotopic procedures, the drinking rate and chloride exchanges were studied in the eel Anguilla anguilla during transfer from fresh water to sea water. 1. Following transfer to sea water there is a threefold increase of the drinking rate (lasting about 1 h). Then it falls to a minimum after 12-16 h and rises again to a maximum level about the seventh day after the transfer. Then a gradual reduction leads to a steady value which is not significantly different from the one observed in fresh water. 2. The changes with time of the plasma sodium and chloride concentrations are given. Their kinetics are not completely alike. 3. The chloride outflux increases 40-fold on transfer of the eel to sea water, but even so it is very low. After the sixth hour in sea water there is a progressive increase in the flux, so that on the fourth day it is higher (500 µ-equiv. h-1.100 g-1) than in the seawater-adapted animals (230 µ-equiv.h-1.100 g-1). 4. Drinking rate values in adapted animals are discussed in relation to the external medium. The kinetics of the drinking rate together with variations in body weights after freshwater-seawater transfer are discussed in relation to the possible stimulus of the drinking reflex. 5. Chloride fluxes (outflux, net flux, digestive entry) are compared and lead one to assume that in seawater-adapted fish one-third of the chloride influx enters via the gut and two-thirds via the gills.

RENAL FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.): CHANGES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND RENAL FUNCTION OF THE FRESHWATER EEL TRANSFERRED TO SEA-WATER

1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CHESTER JONES ◽  
D. K. O. CHAN ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Clearance Rates

SUMMARY A method for the study of renal function and measurement of mean ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure for the freshwater and seawater-adapted eel, and during transfer of the animal from fresh water to sea-water, is described. Freshwater eels have higher resting blood pressure, p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and inulin clearance rates and urine flow than seawater eels. Urine from freshwater animals has low Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations, while the clearance rate of inorganic phosphate exceeded that of inulin. Urine from seawater animals has high Na, Ca, Mg and Cl concentrations while that of inorganic phosphate was low. Clearance rates for Ca and Mg greatly exceeded those of inulin. During transfer from fresh water to sea-water there was an initial fluctuation in blood pressure, urine flow and PAH and inulin clearance rates which lasted about 2 hr. Thereafter these gradually declined to values observed for the seawater-adapted animal. The significance of PAH and inulin clearance rates in the study of renal function in the eel and in teleosts in general is discussed.

A light microscopic study of the action of sodium orthovanadate on the gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels (Anguilla anguilla L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Kelly ◽  
B. J. S. Pirie ◽  
M. V. Bell ◽  
J. R. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Sodium Orthovanadate ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Gill Filaments

Gills of fresh-water and sea-water eels were perfused at a constant pressure with physiological Ringer containing 10−6 M sodium orthovanadate and examined by light microscopy. The secondary gill filaments were markedly vasoconstricted in both freshwater and sea-water fish although the peripheral blood route around the secondary filaments was unaffected. The central venous space in the primary filament was largely unaffected. Significant constriction of both afferent and efferent arteries on the primary filament occurred. We conclude that orthovanadate vasoconstricts eel gills mainly at the level of the secondary filaments. The study also emphasizes that chloride cells are located on both the primary and secondary filaments of fresh-water gills but solely on the primary filaments of sea-water gills.

EFFECTS OF FRESHWATER ADAPTATION AND OF PROLACTIN ON SODIUM-POTASSIUMACTIVATED ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE URINARY BLADDER OF TWO FLOUNDER SPECIES

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. UTIDA ◽  
MIE KAMIYA ◽  
D. W. JOHNSON ◽  
H. A. BERN
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
Freshwater Adaptation ◽  
Euryhaline Teleost ◽  
Kareius Bicoloratus

SUMMARY Sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase) activity increased in the urinary bladder of the euryhaline teleost Platichthys stellatus after transfer from sea-water to fresh water. This increase also occurred after injection of prolactin into seawater Platichthys, simulating the results of freshwater transfer. In Kareius bicoloratus, which does not survive transfer to fresh water, prolactin does not increase bladder Na-K-ATPase activity. The differences in response of these two species to prolactin may be related to the degree of their euryhalinity. There may be a relationship between adaptability to fresh water and responsiveness of bladder Na-K-ATPase to prolactin.

Plasma Chloride and Sodium, and Chloride Space in the European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla L

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
R. KIRSCH
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Plasma Chloride ◽  
Sea Water Adaptation ◽  
Sodium Regulation ◽  
High Degree

1. New intra-vascular cannulation techniques are described, and also an extra-corporal blood circuit containing an artificial heart and a counting cell. This makes possible a continuous study of the radioactivity of the blood. 2. Plasma chloride concentration varies greatly in fresh-water eels despite good sodium regulation. 3. The fresh-water to sea-water adaptation of eels is frequently accompanied by a temporary hypermineralization of the internal medium. This necessitates a high degree of cellular euryhalinity. 4. The sea-water-adapted eel maintains strict homeostasis of its plasma chloride and sodium. 5. The chloride distribution space decreases by 10% when eels are transferred from fresh water to sea water. The internal distribution of chloride is also modified and its fluxes between the ion compartments of the body are considerably increased.

NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL HORMONAL CONTROL OF KIDNEY FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN EEL (ANGUILLA ANGUILLA L.) ADAPTED TO SEA-WATER OR FRESH WATER

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BABIKER ◽  
J. C. RANKIN
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Freshwater Eels

Low doses of arginine-vasotocin (AVT), isotocin and oxytocin (1 pg–1 ng/kg body weight) were antidiuretic in eels adapted to fresh water but not in those adapted to sea-water. High doses (more than 10 ng/kg) were always diuretic. No effects on tubular water reabsorption were observed and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was proportional to the maximum reabsorptive rate for glucose (Tm (glucose)) in eels adapted to sea-water. Increases in urinary flow appeared therefore to result from glomerular recruitment. Infusion of AVT or isotocin at low rates reduced the GFR and urinary flow of freshwater eels to the levels found in seawater eels. Vasopressin (lysine or arginine) had no direct effect on kidney function in freshwater eels but blocked both the diuretic and antidiuretic actions of the other hormones. When infused into seawater eels it was diuretic. This effect could have been due to blockade of the actions of endogenous AVT and/or isotocin.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

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