HYPERALDOSTERONISM IN THE SODIUM-DEPLETED RAT: MODE OF ALDOSTERONE-STIMULATING ACTION OF FRUSEMIDE

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SPÄT ◽  
ÉVA TARJÁN ◽  
G. TÓTH
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Vehicle Treated Control

SUMMARY The mechanism of diuretic-induced hyperaldosteronism was examined in dexamethasone-pretreated rats. The diuretic drug frusemide brought about a rapid increase in plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration in serum. Half an hour after the administration of frusemide the mean concentration of aldosterone was 25 times higher than in vehicle-treated control animals. Administration of SQ 20,881, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, prevented the adrenal response to frusemide. The response of aldosterone was completely blocked by indomethacin. This drug reduced renin release and probably also inhibited the effect on the adrenal glands of angiotensin, released in response to frusemide. Our results indicate that the effects of diuretics on the adrenal glomerulosa cells are mediated by the renin–angiotensin system also in the rat. Hyperaldosteronism is dependent on the maintenance of prostaglandin synthesis. ACTH has no essential role in this response.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

The Renin Angiotensin System and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Guimarães Barbosa ◽  
Giulia Campos Ferreira ◽  
Diomildo Ferreira Andrade Júnior ◽  
Cássio Rocha Januário ◽  
André Rolim Belisário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Angiotensin Receptors ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Search Terms

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic a multifactorial psychiatric illness that affects mood, cognition, and functioning. BD is associated with several psychiatric conditions as well clinical comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The neurobiology of BD is complex and multifactorial and several systems have been implicated. Considering that the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases and that recently evidence has suggested its role in psychiatric disorders, the aim of the present study is to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in BD. A systematic search of the literature using the electronic databases MEDLINE and LILACS was conducted through March 2019. The search terms were: “Bipolar Disorder”; “Renin Angiotensin System”; “Angiotensin 2”; “Angiotensin receptors”; “Angiotensin 1-7”; “ACE”; “ACE2”; “Mas Receptor”. We included original studies assessing RAS in BD patients. Two hundred twenty-two citations were initially retrieved. Eleven studies were included in our systematic review. In the majority of studies (6 of 8), the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism did not differ between BD patients and controls. BD patients presented higher plasma renin activity in comparison with controls. The studies evaluating the RAS molecules in BD are very scarce and heterogeneous. The literature suggests a potential role of RAS in BD. Further studies are necessary to investigate this relationship.

Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Water Extract of Danshen on Renovascular Hypertension Through Inhibition of the Renin Angiotensin System

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Gill Kang ◽  
Yong Gab Yun ◽  
Jang Hyun Ryoo ◽  
Ho Sub Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Ace Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

A study was designed to elucidate the mechanism of anti-hypertensive effects of Danshen in the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) Goldblatt renovascular hypertensive model, which is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-dependent hypertensive model. We investigated the effects of water extracts of Danshen on the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and hormone levels in the plasma of 2K1C rats. ACE activity was inhibited by the addition of Danshen extract in a dose-dependent manner. SBP was decreased significantly after administration of Danshen extract in 2K1C, whereas plasma renin activity (PRA) was not changed. The plasma concentration of aldosterone (PAC) was decreased significantly in 2K1C group administered with Danshen extract, whereas the plasma concentration of ANP was increased by administration of Danshen extract for three weeks. These results suggest that Danshen has an anti-hypertensive effect through the inhibition of ACE, an essential regulatory enzyme of RAS.

Renin-angiotensin system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. H409-H416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shibota ◽  
A. Nagaoka ◽  
A. Shino ◽  
T. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

The development of malignant hypertension was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) kept on 1% NaCl as drinking water. Along with salt-loading, blood pressure gradually increased and reached a severe hypertensive level (greater than 230 mmHg), which was followed by increases in urinary protein (greater than 100 (mg/250 g body wt)/day) and plasma renin concentration (PRC, from 18.9 +/- 0.1 to 51.2 +/- 19.4 (ng/ml)/h, mean +/- SD). At this stage, renal small arteries and arterioles showed severe sclerosis and fibrinoid necrosis. Stroke was observed within a week after the onset of these renal abnormalities. The dose of exogenous angiotensin II (AII) producing 30 mmHg rise in blood pressure increased with the elevation of PRC, from 22 +/- 12 to 75 +/- 36 ng/kg, which was comparable to that in rats on water. The fall of blood pressure due to an AII inhibitor, [1-sarcosine, 8-alanine]AII (10(microgram/kg)/min for 40 min) became more prominent with the increase in PRC in salt-loaded rats, but was not detected in rats on water. These findings suggest that the activation of renin-angiotensin system participates in malignant hypertension of salt-loaded stroke-prone SHR rats that show stroke signs, proteinuria, hyperreninemia, and renovascular changes.

Prevention of experimental cyclosporin-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. F491-F499 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Burdmann ◽  
T. F. Andoh ◽  
C. C. Nast ◽  
A. Evan ◽  
B. A. Connors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Angiotensin Blockade

The pathogenesis of renal scarring in chronic cyclosporin nephropathy is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade by enalapril and losartan in a salt-dependent model of cyclosporin-associated chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Rats kept on normal or low-salt diet were given cyclosporin, cyclosporin+enalapril, cyclosporin+losartan, cyclosporin+enalapril#losartan, or vehicle for 14 and 28 days. Cyclosporin reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rats fed either diet, but only salt-depleted animals developed significant TIF. Cyclosporin also impaired renal concentrating ability and caused tubular enzymuria. Renin-angiotensin system blockade decreased blood pressure (BP) and promoted afferent arteriolar vasodilatation. Losartan reduced plasma renin activity and prevented cyclosporin-induced increment of cortical alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA. Renin-angiotensin blockade did not improve GFR and tubular function; however, it strikingly prevented TIF development, even in presence of very low BP. Rats treated with cyclosporin, hydralazine, and furosemide achieved BP values similar to losartan or enalapril groups, but there was no protection against interstitial fibrosis development. These results suggest that cyclosporin-related chronic interstitial injury is mediated by angiotensin II and that the mechanisms promoting the interstitial scarring can be dissociated from glomerular and tubular dysfunction in cyclosporin nephropathy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL FEATURES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS 2019-INFECTED CASES WITH PRE-EXISTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, DISAGGREGATED BY GENDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Elham Mohammadyari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kaffashian ◽  
Iraj Ahmadi ◽  
Azra Kenarkoohi ◽  
Askar Soufinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Common Laboratory

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical features of 68 coronavirus 2019-infected cardiac cases on gender basis. Methodology: Clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic data of 68 COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, analyzed and compared by gender-wise. Results: Dry cough (78% of male, 80% females) and fever (62% of male, 75% females) were the most common symptoms. Out of these 97% of them needed O2 supplementation. O2 saturation in patients with O2 therapy was 85%; 31% of men and 11% of women experienced intubation. The most common laboratory abnormalities, were neutrophilia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, decreased hemoglobin level, increased creatinine and urea, in men and women. Troponin level was different between male and female. Pneumonia was found in 86-87% patients. Approximately, Males and female, respectively53.10 and 52.8%, shown sinus tachycardia (ST arrythmia). PVC arrythmia was found in 2.9% of total patients. BBB arrythmia was found in 31.20% of males vs. 11.10% of females. The mean systole/diastole blood pressures respectively were 130±4/79.7 ±2 in males and 134±4/81±3 in females. Heart axis changes was identified in 43.8% and 27.8% of males and females respectively. Conclusion: Severity of symptoms and outcomes of COVID-19 in cardiac patients showed some differences between men and women which could be associated with differences in immune responses, respiratory tract properties, renin angiotensin system, sex hormones and lifestyle.  However, more studies to categorize gender differences are required.

The Plasma Renin-Angiotensin System in Preeclampsia

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
S. L. Sipes ◽  
C. P. Weiner ◽  
T. M. Gellhaus ◽  
J. D. Goodspeed
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

What Stimulates the Renin—Angiotensin System in Rats with two-Kidney Renal Hypertension?

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
Y. Takata ◽  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
M. Veroni ◽  
S. G. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
The One ◽  
Renin Content

1. Blood pressure, the hypotensive effect of captopril, plasma renin activity, renal renin content and kidney weight were measured in the two-kidney—one-clip model, the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with the ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated in rats. The ureteric ligation was performed to abolish urinary excretion from the contralateral kidney in the two-kidney—one-clip model. 2. The development of hypertension after renal artery constriction was earlier and greater in the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated than in the two-kidney—one-clip model. A single oral dose of captopril produced a greater fall in blood pressure in both the two-kidney models than in the one-kidney—one-clip group. 3. Plasma renin activity and renal renin content of the clipped kidney were higher in the two-kidney model rats, whether or not the ureter had been ligated, than in the one-kidney—one-clip model animals, although more than half the rats from the two-kidney model had normal values. There was a significant correlation between plasma renin activity and the response to captopril in all groups, whereas in none of the three groups was the correlation between plasma renin activity and blood pressure significant. 4. The clipped kidney had a higher renin content than did the contralateral kidney, and the weight of the ischaemic kidney was decreased compared with the contralateral kidney whether it was untouched or had its ureter ligated. The weight of the clipped kidney was in the order one-kidney—one-clip model > two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated > two-kidney—one-clip model. 5. It was concluded that the renin-angiotensin system was stimulated to the similar degree in some animals for the two-kidney—one-clip models, whether or not the ureter of the contralateral kidney had been ligated, compared with the one-kidney—one-clip animals. This finding suggests that the contralateral kidney can stimulate renin secretion and synthesis in the clipped kidney independently of Na+ excretion.

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