Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, tyrosinase activity and the regulation of eumelanogenesis and phaeomelanogenesis in the hair follicular melanocytes of the mouse

ABSTRACT Skin tyrosinase levels and the eumelanin and phaeomelanin contents of the hair were measured in pubertal and adult C3H–HeA*vy mice that grow dark and golden yellow hair respectively. Hair growth was initiated by plucking and the skin tyrosinase levels, which increased during the growth of new hair and peaked at around 9 days after plucking, were higher during the growth of dark hair in the pubertal mice than during the growth of yellow hair in the adult mice. Although there was only a twofold difference in the phaeomelanin contents of these two types of hair, the dark hair of the pubertal mice contained over 20 times more eumelanin than the golden-yellow hair of the adult mice. These results suggest that the changes in coat colour in C3H–HeA*vy mice are due mainly to changes in eumelanin synthesis by the hair follicular melanocytes and that the production of this pigment requires higher levels of the enzyme tyrosinase than does the production of phaeomelanin. These changes did not appear to be related to plasma α-MSH levels. Nevertheless, administration of α-MSH increased skin tyrosinase activity in the pubertal mice that were growing dark hair and produced a twofold increase in the eumelanin content of the hair. However, it had no such effects in adult mice and also failed to affect the phaeomelanin content of the hair in both groups of mice. In contrast to α-MSH, bromocriptine decreased skin tyrosinase levels and the eumelanin content and increased the phaeomelanin content of the hair in pubertal mice. These effects of bromocriptine were unrelated to plasma immunoreactive α-MSH levels and were not restored when α-MSH was administered together with the dopamine agonist. Although the present results support the idea that α-MSH increases coat darkening in the C3H–HeA*vy mouse through its actions on tyrosinase activity and eumelanin synthesis, it seems that these actions are more dependent on changes at the melanocyte level than changes in circulating α-MSH. The present results further suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms may also play a direct regulatory role in the control of coat colour in this mouse. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 15–21