scholarly journals Androgen receptor expression of proliferating basal and luminal cells in adult murine ventral prostate

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mirosevich ◽  
JM Bentel ◽  
N Zeps ◽  
SL Redmond ◽  
MF D'Antuono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Thymidine Labelling ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Luminal Cells

Maintenance of the size and differentiated function of the adult prostate is dependent on testicular androgens. In this study, simultaneous androgen receptor (AR) immunohistochemistry and [(3)H]thymidine labelling was used to characterise the proliferating epithelial cells of the murine ventral prostate. Proliferation in the adult prostate was more prevalent in the basal cell population with 1.8 AR-negative cells labelled with [(3)H]thymidine as compared with 0.7% AR-expressing luminal cells. Three weeks following castration of mice, the atrophied prostate contained rudimentary glands composed of both luminal and basal cells with the proportion of AR-expressing basal cells reduced from 50 to 25%. Administration of testosterone enanthate to castrated mice induced a recapitulation of the prostate gland that was preceded by up-regulation of AR expression in basal cells to normal adult levels (50% AR-positive cells) by 12 h following testosterone injection. Proliferation of AR-positive luminal cells peaked at 48 h (22.8%) while proliferation of AR-negative basal cells peaked at 96 h (6.1%) following testosterone administration. These results suggest that distinct populations of luminal and basal cells are resistant to castration-induced involution of the prostate but remain responsive to direct or indirect testosterone effects and recapitulate the gland following administration of testosterone.

scholarly journals Letrozole effect in murine ventral prostate

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Manuel García ◽  
Hernandes Corralho
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Letrozole Treatment

The prostate gland is regulated by steroid hormones and complex interactions based on a subtle balance between androgen and estrogen (E2) regulate prostatic development and physiology. Interestingly, the changes in steroid hormone levels at old ages affect the hormonal milieu and contribute to the evolution of the pathological changes of the gland. We have analyzed the effects of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, on the structure in the ventral prostate of control and castrated adult rats. The results demonstrated alterations in prostate physiology after letrozole treatment. Serum levels of testosterone, prostate weight and proliferative index in luminal and basal cells were increased. Estrogen serum levels were not altered dramatically, in contrast to slight increase in gonadotrophin hormones seen in the castrated animals. Castration did not alter the proliferation index of basal cells. Reorganization of tissue compartments was seen with significant increase in letrozole treated animals. A decrease in androgen receptor expression was seen 21-days after the beginning of treatment with letrozole. These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. These results reveal new aspects in the relationship between androgen receptor and steroid metabolism in the prostate gland, demonstrating that alteration in hormone levels during a short time period induces significant alterations in prostate homeostasis. 

scholarly journals Epithelial Phenotypes in the Developing Human Prostate

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Letellier ◽  
Marie-José Perez ◽  
Mokrane Yacoub ◽  
Pierre Levillain ◽  
Olivier Cussenot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Prostate Development ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Normal Prostate Tissue ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Luminal Cells

An intermediate population has been identified among prostate glands called transiently amplifying (TA) cells, which are characterized by coexpression of basal and luminal cytokeratins (CKs), high proliferation, and lack of p27 expression. These cells are rare in the normal adult prostate and increase in pretumoral conditions, but their importance in the developing gland remains unknown. We analyzed fetal prostates for the expression of CKs (5/6, 18, 19) and factors involved in proliferation and apoptosis: p63, Ki67, p27, epidermal growth factor (EGFR), Bcl2, androgen receptor (AR). Immunostaining was performed on a tissue microarray, including 40 prostates from fetuses aged 13-42 weeks and normal prostate tissue from 10 adults. In both solid buds and the basal compartment of canalized glands, cells expressed p63, CK5/6, CK19, CK18, BCL2, EGFR and were p27 negative. Luminal cells of fetal canalized glands continue to express CK19, EGFR, and BCL2, without p27 expression. In contrast, adult epithelial luminal cells showed diffuse AR and p27 expression, without CK19, BCL2, and EGFR staining. Proliferation was high and diffuse in fetal glands and rare and restricted to basal cells in adult glands. These results indicate that most fetal epithelial prostatic cells exhibit the phenotype of TA cells, suggesting their regulatory function in prostate development.

MEASUREMENT OF FREE AND OCCUPIED CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR ANDROGEN RECEPTOR SITES IN RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE GLAND

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER DAVIES ◽  
PHILIP THOMAS ◽  
KEITH GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rat Ventral Prostate ◽  
Fold Excess

SUMMARY A method has been developed which allows the estimation of occupied and unoccupied androgen receptor sites in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of rat ventral prostate. The procedure involves precipitation of receptor proteins and incubation of precipitates with labelled 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Uptake of 3H-labelled steroid at 0–4 °C gives an indication of free receptor, whereas binding at a raised temperature (15 °C) allows estimation of occupied receptor. Non-specific binding was measured in the presence of a 100-fold excess of unlabelled 5α-dihydrotestosterone. The exchange method was specific for androgens, and specific binding was detected only in fractions of androgen-dependent tissues. The method can be applied to cytosol, whole nuclei, chromatin and salt-extractable and salt-resistant protein preparations from nuclear fractions, and gives a reliable estimate of total receptor sites when occupied as compared with control measurements of unoccupied sites.

Ionic and pharmacologic characteristics of epithelial cells in a semi-intact preparation of the rat ventral prostate gland

The Prostate ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Mycielska ◽  
Marek Szatkowski ◽  
Mustafa B.A. Djamgoz
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Rat Ventral Prostate

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein in normal human tissues.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tada ◽  
I Ohkubo ◽  
M Niwa ◽  
M Sasaki ◽  
H Tateyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bronchial Glands

The Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein (Zn-alpha 2-GP) is present at a high concentration in the seminal plasma and at significant levels in other human body fluids. Its precise localization, however, has remained unclear, as well as its physiological and pathological significance. The present study reports the immunohistochemical localization of this protein in normal adult human tissues. Localization of the reactive product to anti-human plasma Zn-alpha 2-GP antibody was demonstrated in the following cells: luminal and basal cells of the prostate gland, luminal epithelial cells of the acini and of some ducts of the mammary glands, luminal cells of the secretory portion of the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, serous cells of the salivary, tracheal, and bronchial glands, acinar cells of the esophageal glands, exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas, hepatocytes of the liver, and epithelial cells of the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney. The present results suggest that Zn-alpha 2-GP exerts some unknown but fairly widespread exocrine function and may be produced in the various epithelial cells tested. Hepatocytes are also suggested to be a source of the protein in the blood plasma.

Vas deferens epithelial cells in subculture: a model to study androgen regulation of gene expression

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dassouli ◽  
Ch Darne ◽  
S Fabre ◽  
M Manin ◽  
G Veyssière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Cat Gene

ABSTRACT The understanding of androgen-regulated gene expression requires a cell culture system that mimics the functions of cells in vivo. In the present paper we have examined a vas deferens epithelial cell subculture system. Cultured vas deferens epithelial cells have been shown to exhibit polarized properties characteristic of functioning epithelia and to display a high level of androgen receptors. Incubation of cells with androgen caused a decrease in cellular androgen receptor mRNA that was time-dependent. Total suppression was observed after 24 h of exposure to androgen. By contrast, incubation of vas deferens epithelial cells with androgen resulted in a threefold increase in the cellular content of androgen receptor protein, as assayed by ligand binding. In response to androgens, vas deferens epithelial cells expressed mouse vas deferens protein mRNA (MVDP mRNA). Maximum expression of the MVDP gene, at both mRNA and protein levels, was observed after 24 h of androgen induction. DEAE-dextran transfection conditions were defined using the MMTV-CAT vector. Dihydrotestosterone stimulated the transcription activation of MMTV-CAT gene in vas deferens epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No induction was seen when fragments of the MVDP promoter region were cloned directly in front of the CAT gene and transiently transfected into vas deferens epithelial cells. It was found that cotransfection of cells with MVDP-CAT constructs and with an androgen receptor expression vector resulted in a small but consistent androgen-dependent increase in reporter gene activity. Transiently transfected vas deferens epithelial cells are a suitable model with which to study the effect of androgen on gene regulatory elements.

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