Perturbations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Children with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease

BackgroundThe relationship between the composition and function of gut microbial communities and early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study of 88 individuals aged 4–18 years, which included 44 individuals with kidney stones containing ≥50% calcium oxalate and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on stool samples.ResultsParticipants who were kidney stone formers had a significantly less diverse gut microbiome compared with controls. Among bacterial taxa with a prevalence >0.1%, 31 taxa were less abundant among individuals with nephrolithiasis. These included seven taxa that produce butyrate and three taxa that degrade oxalate. The lower abundance of these bacteria was reflected in decreased abundance of the gene encoding butyryl-coA dehydrogenase (P=0.02). The relative abundance of these bacteria was correlated with the levels of 18 fecal metabolites, and levels of these metabolites differed in individuals with kidney stones compared with controls. The oxalate-degrading bacterial taxa identified as decreased in those who were kidney stone formers were components of a larger abundance correlation network that included Eggerthella lenta and several Lactobacillus species. The microbial (α) diversity was associated with age of stone onset, first decreasing and then increasing with age. For the individuals who were stone formers, we found the lowest α diversity among individuals who first formed stones at age 9–14 years, whereas controls displayed no age-related differences in diversity.ConclusionsLoss of gut bacteria, particularly loss of those that produce butyrate and degrade oxalate, associates with perturbations of the metabolome that may be upstream determinants of early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.

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Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4-s) ◽

pp. 702-704

Author(s):

Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai Patel

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Stone Disease ◽

World Population ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis. Keywords: Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine

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A Porcine Model of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1097/01.ju.0000110101.41653.bb ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 171 (3) ◽

pp. 1301-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

NEIL S. MANDEL ◽

JAMES D. HENDERSON ◽

LINDA Y. HUNG ◽

DAVID F. WILLE ◽

JOHN H. WIESSNER

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Porcine Model ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Kidney Stone Disease

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Association of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist to Hip Ratio with Kidney Stone Disease: a prospective analysis of 493,410 UK Biobank participants

Journal of the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences ◽

10.37707/jnds.v2i4.200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Lovegrove

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

University Of Oxford ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nuffield Department ◽

The Uk

Catherine E Lovegrove1,2 – [email protected] Littlejohns3- [email protected] Allen3- [email protected] A Howles1,4- [email protected] W Turney 1,2- [email protected] 1 Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK2 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK3 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Public Health, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK4 Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Objectives To investigate the relationship between measures of adiposity and risk of incident kidney stone disease. Patients and methods The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of ~500,000 participants whose height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist:hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, fat-free mass, body-fat percentage and percentage truncal fat were measured at enrolment with linkage to medical records. ICD-10 and OPCS codes were used to identify individuals with a new diagnosis of nephrolithiasis from 2006-2010. Individuals with a history of kidney stones or incomplete data were excluded. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between anthropometric measures and incident kidney stones. Results From the UK Biobank, 493,410 individuals were identified for inclusion; 3,466 developed a kidney stone during the study period. Increasing weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, WHR, and body and truncal fat were associated with increased risk of incident kidney stone disease. However, after adjustment for BMI, only waist circumference and WHR remained significantly associated with risk of nephrolithiasis. In overweight patients, high (men 94-102cm, women 80-88cm) waist circumference or WHR (men >0.9, women >0.85) conferred >40% increased risk of stone formation. Conclusion This study indicates that android fat distribution is independently associated with increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone disease is known to be associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, all of which are linked to android body shape. Our findings provide insight into anthropometric risk factors for stone disease, will facilitate identification of patients at greatest risk of stone recurrence, and will inform prevention strategies.

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KIDNEY STONE DISEASE WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO DRUG-INDUCED KIDNEY STONES – A CONTEMPORARY SYNOPSIS

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202009226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 2031-2039

Author(s):

Łukasz Dobrek

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Urinary Stones ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Endogenous Compounds

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis; urolithiasis) is a clinical entity with long-term course and recurrence, primarily affecting mature and ageing men, involving the formation and presence of urinary stones in the kidneys and urinary tract. The pathogenesis of this disorder is complex and still not fully understood. A rare, potentially modifiable, form of kidney stone disease takes the form of drug-induced urinary stones. The aim of the review was a brief description of the classification and pathophysiology of kidney stone disease, along with the short characteristics of drug-induced urinary stones. This type of stones is formed as a result of crystallisation in the kidneys and urinary tract of sparingly soluble drugs and their metabolites, or as a result of metabolic changes caused by drugs, predestinating the development of stones containing endogenous compounds. Conclusion: Therefore, during treatment with the use of drugs with high lithogenic potential, the safety of pharmacotherapy should be monitored in the context of its increased risk of developing urinary stones.

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P0175DETERMINANTS OF RENAL PAPILLARY APPEARANCE IN RENAL STONE FORMERS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Bargagli ◽

Rossella De Leonardis ◽

Mauro Ragonese ◽

Angelo Totaro ◽

Francesco Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Stone Composition ◽

Stone Recurrence ◽

Stone Formers

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by high prevalence among the general population both in Europe and in the U.S. and it is responsible for high costs reaching up to $10 billion per year. It is associated with specific comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones development is believed to start either from Randall’s plaques or from stone plugs. Both these lesions can be seen on renal papillary surfaces, but what promotes the formation of plaques and plugs is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the urinary metabolic milieu and a published endoscopic papillary evaluation score (PPLA). We also evaluated the correlation of PPLA score with kidney stone recurrence during follow-up. Method We prospectively enrolled 31 stone forming patients who undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures. Visual inspection of the accessible renal papillae was performed in order to calculate the PPLA score based on the appearance of ductal plugging, surface pitting, loss of papillary contour and Randall’s plaque extension. Demographic information, blood samples, 24h urine collections and kidney stone events during follow-up were collected. Stone composition was analyzed using infrared-spectroscopy. Relative urinary supersaturations (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaPi) and uric acid (UA) were calculated using the Equil2 software. PPLA score > 3 was defined as high. Results Median follow-up period was 11 (min/max 5, 34) months. PPLA score was inversely correlated with BMI (rho = −0.39, p = 0.035) and history of recurrent kidney stones (median PPLA 5.0 vs 2.5, p = 0.029), these results were confirmed when PPLA was considered as a categorical variable (median BMI 27 vs 24, recurrent stone disease 12 vs 62%, p= 0.006). Furthermore, high PPLA score was associated with lower odds of new kidney stone events during follow-up (OR 0.154, 95% confidence interval 0.024, 0.998, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PPLA score, stone composition, blood parameters, 24h urine solute excretions and RSS for CaOx, CaPi and UA. Conclusion Different papillary abnormalities seem to be linked to specific mechanisms of stone formation. Although data regarding PPLA score are inconsistent, it may be a valid asset for both medical and surgical management of nephrolithiasis. Larger, long-term prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to assess the validity of PPLA score system in evaluating risk of stone recurrence.

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Early-Onset Kidney Stone Disease—Consequences and Opportunities

JAMA Pediatrics ◽

10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2966 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gregory E. Tasian ◽

Michelle R. Denburg ◽

Jonathan S. Ellison

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Kidney Stone Disease

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Factors Differentiating the Effectiveness of Polyprotic Acids as Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in Kidney Stone Disease

Crystal Growth & Design ◽

10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00945 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 5617-5627 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jihae Chung ◽

Michael G. Taylor ◽

Ignacio Granja ◽

John R. Asplin ◽

Giannis Mpourmpakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽

Kidney Stone Disease

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Prevalence of Hyperoxaluria in Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000183037 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 11-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

B. Baggio ◽

G. Gambaro ◽

S. Favaro ◽

A. Borsatti

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Kidney Stone Disease

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Secondhand smoke increases the risk of developing kidney stone disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97254-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chien-Heng Chen ◽

Jia-In Lee ◽

Jhen-Hao Jhan ◽

Yung-Chin Lee ◽

Jiun-Hung Geng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kidney Stones ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Stone Disease ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Kidney Stone Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Developing Kidney ◽

Never Smokers

AbstractResearch indicates smoking increases the risk of various kidney diseases, although the risk of developing kidney stone disease in non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke is unknown. This study analyzed a total of 19,430 never-smokers with no history of kidney stone disease who participated in the Taiwan Biobank from 2008 to 2019. They were divided into two groups by secondhand smoke exposure; no exposure and exposure groups; the mean age of participants was 51 years, and 81% were women. Incident kidney stone development was observed in 352 (2.0%) and 50 (3.3%) participants in the no exposure and exposure groups during a mean follow-up of 47 months. The odds ratio (OR) of incident kidney stone was significantly higher in the exposure group than the no exposure group [OR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.21 to 2.23]. Participants with > 1.2 h per week exposure were associated with almost twofold risk of developing kidney stones compared with no exposure (OR, 1.92; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.86). Our study suggests that secondhand smoke is a risk factor for development of kidney stones and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of this finding.

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