Endogenous Production of Fixed Acid and the Measurement of the Net Balance of Acid in Normal Subjects

ABSTRACT 1,2-3H cortexolone was injected into normal subjects and the disappearance curve of the radioactive hormone in the plasma was determined. This follows a biexponential function, according to a digital computer analysis. The half-life values calculated for the first and the second components of the experimental curves are 4 and 24 min respectively. On the basis of a two compartment open system, in which the second compartment is assumed to be metabolically inactive, cortexolone spreads rapidly into an apparent volume of 19 l and more slowly into a total volume of 37 l. Endogenous production rate of cortexolone was estimated from the isotope dilution of the injected hormone as determined by measurement of the specific activity of urinary tetrahydrocortexolone. The mean production rate for 4 normal subjects was calculated to be 1100 μg per day. From these data the size of the endogenous pool of cortexolone was calculated. This averages 9.3 and 9.2 μg for the first and second compartments respectively. The experiments are discussed with regard to a possible disturbance in the steady state by the amount of cortexolone injected.

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THE EFFECT OF A SALT LOAD AND ALDOSTERONE ON THE ACID-BASE-EQUILIBRIUM AND ON THE ELECTROLYTES IN BLOOD AND URINE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS FOLLOWING CHEMICAL BLOCKADE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0470619 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 619-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. Martini ◽

K. D. Voigt ◽

J. Tamm ◽

W. Dölle

Keyword(s):

Combined Treatment ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Equilibrium ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Acid Base Equilibrium ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Steroid Excretion

ABSTRACT In four subjects receiving a standard diet the endogenous production of aldosterone and of cortisol was suppressed by the combined administration of dexamethasone and metopirone. The experiments were completed by acute intravenous infusion of NaCl and of NaCl plus aldosterone, respectively. The Na+ and K+ balance, acid-base-equilibrium and steroid excretion were followed up. Cortisol and cortisone disappeared from the urine after dexamethasone, aldosterone only after additional treatment with metopirone. The ratio free/conjugated 17-OHCS in urine increased significantly. Na+ excretion went up under combined treatment with the two drugs. Intravenously administered aldosterone resulted in a definite but limited Na+ retention associated with a slight increase in K+ excretion. The effective H+ excretion was closely related to the dietary intake of Na+ and K+. The K+/H+ ratio in urine remained unaltered irrespectively of whether aldosterone was added to a NaCl infusion or not. The results obtained in blood were somewhat conflicting. No significant changes in Na+ and K+ were observed throughout the experiment. All four volunteers developed a metabolic alkalosis.

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Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1604.260 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 260-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lee Ann Laraway

Keyword(s):

Selective Attention ◽

White Noise ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Auditory Selective Attention ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

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The Effect of Stapedectomy on the Loudness of One’s Own Voice

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0803.223 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 223-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William Melnick

Keyword(s):

Middle Ear ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Sound Energy ◽

Loudness Function ◽

Before And After ◽

Increased Sensitivity

Five subjects with normal middle ear mechanisms, and otosclerotic patients, before and after stapedectomy, matched the loudness of their voices to the loudness of a 125-cps-sawtooth noise. The results showed loudness matching functions with gradual slopes, less than 1.00, for the normal subjects and the patients prior to stapedectomy. Post-surgically, the loudness function for the patients increased in steepness to considerably more than 1.00. These results are explained, most logically, in terms of increased sensitivity of the altered middle ear to sound energy generated by the listener’s own voice.

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Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.369 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 369-371

Author(s):

Samuel Fillenbaum

Keyword(s):

Delay Interval ◽

Auditory Feedback ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽

Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

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Object Transformations in the Play of Language-Impaired Children

Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders ◽

10.1044/jshd.5304.459 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 459-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Brenda Y. Terrell ◽

Richard G. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Normal Subjects ◽

Play Behavior ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Standard Group ◽

Language Impaired ◽

Normal Language ◽

Mean Length Of Utterance ◽

Impaired Children

The play behavior of 10 language-impaired children was observed. Their performances in play were compared to those of 10 normal-language children matched for chronological age as well as to those of 10 normal-language children matched for mean length of utterance. The children were observed as they played spontaneously with a standard group of toys and as they played with objects that required object transformations for successful play. The chronological age-matched normal subjects showed a trend toward performance of more object transformations in play than either the language-impaired or younger normal-language children. Additionally, although object transformations were observed in both segments, all children performed more object transformations with objects than with toys.

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