Review on Contributing Factors to Anxiety in High-Functioning Autism

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are characterised by difficulties in social communication, by restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. Autism is a highly heterogeneous disorder; high-functioning individuals with autism have average or higher intelligence and superficially normal language skills. The lack of intellectual disability does not mean that they can overcome inherent difficulties in social communication and interaction. They struggle to negotiate social interactions and manage daily tasks in a neurotypical world. They are at risk of experiencing mental health difficulties compared to general population. One of the most common mental health difficulties co-occurring with high-functioning autism is anxiety, which is associated with poor individual, family, and social outcomes. The chapter reviews studies on the contributing factors to anxiety in high-functioning autism. Psychological, cognitive, and social factors seem to be important, while there are indications for the existence of some neurobiological basis. It also considers ideas as to how to tackle anxiety.

Virtual Assistant with Applications of IOT

Man-made consciousness innovations are starting to be effectively utilized in human existence, this is worked with by the appearance and wide scattering of the Internet of Things (IOT). Independent gadgets are becoming more intelligent in their manner to communicate with both a human and themselves. New limits lead to making of different frameworks for mix of savvy things into Social Networks of the Internet of Things. One of the important patterns in man-made brainpower is the innovation of perceiving the normal language of a human. New experiences in this theme can prompt new method for normal humanmachine cooperation, in which the machine would figure out how to comprehend human's language, changing and connecting in it. One of such devices is voice associate, which can be incorporated into numerous other shrewd frameworks. In this workshop, the standards of the working of voice collaborators are depicted, its principle weaknesses and restrictions are given. The strategy for making a neighborhood voice colleague without utilizing cloud administrations is depicted, which permits to altogether grow the pertinence of such gadgets later on.

The Influence of Metaphorical Frames on Americans’ Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines

Metaphors more-effectively influence people’s perceptions and behavior than normal language. The type of metaphor used is important in maximizing persuasion. Two common public health metaphors are family and war. War metaphors generally evoke more fear than family metaphors, and family metaphors generally evoke more empathy than war metaphors. The current study investigates whether family metaphors are more effective than war metaphors in promoting adherence to COVID-19 guidelines. Participants were assigned to a condition in which they read a single COVID-19-related paragraph. The paragraph included either family, war, or no metaphorical frame. All groups rated the extent to which reading the paragraph would change an average person’s adherence to a variety of public health guidelines. After reading the paragraph, participants reported their perceptions regarding the danger of COVID-19 and their feelings of unity with others to determine whether the metaphor manipulation effectively influenced fear and empathy. There was no observable effect of metaphor type on adherence to public health guidelines. Feelings of unity and fear were not higher, on average, in one group compared to another. Thus, one metaphorical condition or even the presence of a metaphor was not observed to be more effective in changing people’s adherence to public health guidelines. Additionally, the metaphors did not evoke their intended emotions, which may explain the lack of change in behavior. Future research investigating the effect of numbing on metaphor effectiveness may help explain these results and indicate whether metaphors should be used for persuasion in future public health crises.

Identification of Word Retrieval Difficulties in the Normally Aging Population

Purpose This study examined variations in performance on different verbal tasks completed by typically aging, non-neurologically impaired adults who self-identified as either having or not having word retrieval difficulties that frequently affected their lifestyle. Method Fifty-seven adults aged 54–71 years, who were recruited based on case history responses that indicated the presence or absence of word retrieval difficulties, completed two standardized, norm-referenced language tests, two naming tasks, and three verbal fluency measures. Results Although scores on standardized language tests fell within normal limits for all of the participants, significant differences between those with and those without self-reported word retrieval difficulties were found on the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition as well as on tasks of naming members of categories and producing procedural narratives. A significantly greater percentage of disfluencies in procedural narratives were found in the group that reported word retrieval difficulties. This fluency indicator was the only factor that was predictive of word retrieval difficulties. Conclusions Many studies have examined the differences in word retrieval in older versus younger populations or in persons with aphasia versus persons without aphasia, but they have not offered definitive pictures of the differences between those with and those without word retrieval difficulties in the normally aging population who have otherwise normal language. This study identified three tasks that appear to be sensitive to the word-finding difficulties experienced by some adults.

Information structure in language acquisition. Production and comprehension of (in)definite articles by German-speaking children

The present study investigates the production and comprehension of indefinite and definite articles as markers of givenness by typically-developing German-speaking children, from the perspective of information structure theory. The study involves 93 typically-developing children aged four to seven years old with normal language-skills and 20 adults. The results of a story-narration task and a truth-value judgment task reveal that children have more problems with new than with given referents in production as well as comprehension suggesting a “given better than new”-pattern. These findings are explained in the context of perspective-taking capacities and cue weighting theory.

Analyzing Political Trending Tweets for Opinion Extraction

Assessment mining once in a while additionally alluded as notion investigation, very well may be utilized for normal language preparing. By the assistance of supposition mining state of mind of open about any item or an individual can be followed. This procedure includes building a framework which gather and classify sentiments about an individual's notoriety. Disposition and sentiments of open can be followed utilizing a stubborn record by arranging it as either positive or negative as per the slant communicated in it. Traditional assumption examination frameworks face challenges like short length of content, spelling mistakes, Special tokens like URLs, emojis, diversity of substance, Different style of language, multilingual substance, slang words and so forth. Approach of opinion extraction depend on directed learning, or solo strategies (content pre-processing by expelling tokens, URLs, stop words). Following techniques were clarified for political assessment mining dependent on fame by utilizing three characterization calculations i.e., Multi Naive Bayes calculation depends on Naive Bayes hypothesis which utilizes contingent likelihood by tallying the recurrence of qualities and blends them in an informational collection, straight SVC and XGB classifier. Check vectorization is utilized to change the literary information into vectors, either by utilizing TF-IDF calculation or BOW. Extremity is determined via preparing the informational index and afterward resultant number of positive and negative slants can be determined. The Result will be determined dependent on these extremity esteems

Ai & Ml Based Advising System for Farmers Crop Production

The motivation behind a chatbot framework is to reproduce a human discussion; the chatbot design coordinates a language model and computational calculations to copy casual visit correspondence between a human client and a PC utilizing normal language. The assistant performing through chatbot by voice assisting to farmers for their queries. So, farmer talk with online assistant helps the farmer to ask details and purpose of product. The Agriculture is an only source for food production. The people who illiterate & also literate difficult to use pesticides in farming due to not aware on fertilizers. There are millions of pesticide products are available in market for the agriculture based on needs like disease, insects, crop production growth. Some of them don’t know the purpose and uses of the pesticide. Every farmer first prefers top-most & regularly using popular companies. This list of fertilizer products in the market is built on the basics of crop production growth or disease and insects. By using the technology to provide aware in farmer. If a farmer needs to know about a detail of product need to consult an agent or a fertilizer shop near are far away from farmers home-town farmer should travel, waste their money and time. Sometimes farmer wants product details So, AI & ML are used built the assistant to provide awareness in farmers on fertilizers. By this assistant gave the detail of pesticides available in the market and save the farmer money no need to travel to consult an agent and fertilizer shop. AI & ML of a chatbot store a products detail and an assistant interact the PC with farmer in their natural language.

Question to Query: Converting Human Language to DBMS Query

In this paper a method has been proposed keeping in the mind the need for systems that could generate structured queries from normal language keeping in mind that the user has no prior knowledge of database query language. A novel method which aims at aiding analyst who aren’t well versed with codes, but need quantitative outputs to analyze, predict and alert the business or market. A python model is used, which aims at converting any sentence typed in English to a query provided that such tables and database is present for query processing. Tree tagging is used here to relate words typed in to SQL query syntax. Any sentence typed in by analyst, it further annotated by parts of speech and lemmas. A list of generic words and stop words is used while parsing the input the sentence and tagging it. Query is generated by simultaneously removing the stop words, mapping the keywords with the one’s used in structured query language. The generated query comes out in form of a JSON file.

The Uses of Formulaic Language in Graham Swift’s England and Other Stories

This article argues that in his collection of short stories England and Other Stories (2014), as in most of his fiction, Graham Swift is preoccupied with the limits of language, with what remains unsaid or is poorly communicated. In this volume, the writer’s focus on private, domestic and ordinary lives corresponds to his representation of the language of everyday interaction as essentially non-creative and formulaic. Swift’s deliberately clichéd language reflects what, as contemporary studies of discourse reveal, is a standard mode of social interaction. For example, Roberta Corrigan et al. affirm that linguistic formulae should be considered as yet another manifestation of behavioural routines (xxiii-xxiv), while Alison Wray claims that the reliance on formulaic language “predominates in normal language processing” (Formulaic Language 101). A range of uses of formulaic language is analysed in selected stories from the collection. It is demonstrated that, typically, characters choose prefabricated language for the paradoxical purpose of establishing and maintaining a degree of contact with others while avoiding in-depth interaction.