MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF NUTRIENT FORAMEN IN THE LONG BONES OF LOWER LIMB

Background: Nutrient artery gain access through nutrient foramen and provide vascular supply to bone. Number, size and location of nutrient foramen has significant medical as well as surgical importance. Any insult to nutrient artery during surgical procedure or during trauma may lead to devascualarization or poor prognosis.Methods: The present study consist of 50 femurs, 50 tibia and 50 fibula, collected from department of anatomy, BPKIHS. Mean length of bone, number, position and size and foraminal index of nutrient foramen was observed and recorded accordingly.Results: In femur 62% bone shows single nutrient foramen. Nutrient foramen was commonly located in medial lip of linea aspera and in upper third of bone which was noted in 80% of bone. In tibia 82% of total bone shows single foramen with absent of foramen in 6% bone. Foramen was commonly located above the soleal line and middle third of bone which was noted in 56% of bone. In fibula 6% of total bone shows absent of nutrient foramen and majority of bone shows single nutrient foramen (82%). Foramen was commonly located in lower part of posterior surface (60%) and in middle third of bone.Conclusions: This study provides details topographic knowledge about nutrient foramen which is important clinically for proper planning of surgery and its outcome.

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Study of Nutrient Foramina in Human Typical Long Bones of Lower Limb

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1688547 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 077-081 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ajay Parmar ◽

Pankaj Maheria ◽

Kanan Shah

Keyword(s):

Blood Supply ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Fracture Repair ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Long Bones ◽

Posterior Aspect ◽

Nutrient Foramen ◽

Nutrient Artery ◽

Nutrient Foramina ◽

The Right

Abstract Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a single source of blood supply. The majority of the femur (50%) and few fibulae (5%) had a double nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index for the lower limb bones was 40.5% for the left and 38.2% for the right side of the femur, 31.69% for the left and 32.3% for the right side of the tibia, and 32.7% for the left and 31.7% for the right side of the fibula. Conclusion The present study provides information on the number, size, position, and direction of nutrient foramina of the femur, tibia, and fibula bones.

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Study on the Nutrient Foramen of Long Bones of Lower Limb

Indian Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.21088/ija.2320.0022.9220.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 142-149

Author(s):

Makani Thanuja Kumari

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Long Bones ◽

Nutrient Foramen

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DIAPHYSEAL NUTRIENT FORAMEN OF LOWER LIMB LONG BONES: VARIATIONS AND IMPORTANCE

International Journal of Anatomy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijar.2016.306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (3.2) ◽

pp. 2684-2688

Author(s):

Swapna A. Ambekar ◽

◽

Shivaji B. Sukre ◽

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Long Bones ◽

Nutrient Foramen

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Morphological and Topographical Anatomy of Nutrient Foramen in The Lower Limb Long Bones

European Journal of Therapeutics ◽

10.5152/eurjther.2017.147 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Syeda Uzma Zahra ◽

◽

Piraye Kervancioglu ◽

Ilhan Bahsi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Long Bones ◽

Nutrient Foramen ◽

Topographical Anatomy

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Nutrient Foramina in the Upper and Lower Limb Long Bones: Morphometric Study in Bones of Southern Brazilian Adults

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022011000200035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 514-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. A. M Pereira ◽

P. T. C Lopes ◽

A. M. P. V Santos ◽

F. H. S Silveira

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Long Bones ◽

Nutrient Foramina

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Morphometric study of nutrient foramen of tibia in Jharkhand population

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213662 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rajesh K. Kushwaha ◽

Rajiv Ranjan ◽

Makardhawaj Prasad

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Long Bones ◽

Posterior Surface ◽

Lateral Border ◽

Nutrient Foramen ◽

Nutrient Artery ◽

Nutrient Foramina

Background: Nutrient foramen gives passage to the nutrient vessels which supply major portion of the bone even bone marrow. Many vascular foramina are present in all bones for the passage of blood vessels. In long bones many small vascular foramina are present at the ends through which epiphyseal and metaphyseal blood vessels passes. In the shaft of long bones one or two larger foramina are present through which nutrient vessels passes. Nutrient artery provides 70% to 80% blood supply of long bones in children and if blood supply is decreased, it may lead to ischemia of bone resulting into less vascularisation of metaphysis and growth plate. Thus precise topographical knowledge of nutrient foramen is necessary for the surgeons to save the nutrient vessels during surgical procedures i.e. fracture fixation, bone grafting etc. Damage to the nutrient artery causes avascular necrosis of bone.Methods: Total 70 dry bones of tibia were taken in the study, without knowledge of sex of the bone. Position, number and direction of the nutrient foramen were noted.Results: single nutrient foramina present in 91.43% of cases and double in 6% of cases. 97.14 % nutrient foramina are directed downward and 2.86% directed upward. 90% nutrient foramina present on posterior surface, 1.42% on lateral surface and 8.57% on lateral border. 75% of nutrient foramina present in upper 1/3 and 25% in middle 1/3. Primary nutrient foramina (>24 G) present in 89.47% and secondary nutrient foramina (<24 G) present in 10.53% of cases.Conclusions: A sound knowledge of nutrient foramen topography, prevent the injuries of vasculature of bone during surgeries.

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