scholarly journals Morphometric study of nutrient foramen of tibia in Jharkhand population

Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Kushwaha ◽  
Rajiv Ranjan ◽  
Makardhawaj Prasad

Background: Nutrient foramen gives passage to the nutrient vessels which supply major portion of the bone even bone marrow. Many vascular foramina are present in all bones for the passage of blood vessels. In long bones many small vascular foramina are present at the ends through which epiphyseal and metaphyseal blood vessels passes. In the shaft of long bones one or two larger foramina are present through which nutrient vessels passes. Nutrient artery provides 70% to 80% blood supply of long bones in children and if blood supply is decreased, it may lead to ischemia of bone resulting into less vascularisation of metaphysis and growth plate. Thus precise topographical knowledge of nutrient foramen is necessary for the surgeons to save the nutrient vessels during surgical procedures i.e. fracture fixation, bone grafting etc. Damage to the nutrient artery causes avascular necrosis of bone.Methods: Total 70 dry bones of tibia were taken in the study, without knowledge of sex of the bone. Position, number and direction of the nutrient foramen were noted.Results: single nutrient foramina present in 91.43% of cases and double in 6% of cases. 97.14 % nutrient foramina are directed downward and 2.86% directed upward. 90% nutrient foramina present on posterior surface, 1.42% on lateral surface and 8.57% on lateral border. 75% of nutrient foramina present in upper 1/3 and 25% in middle 1/3. Primary nutrient foramina (>24 G) present in 89.47% and secondary nutrient foramina (<24 G) present in 10.53% of cases.Conclusions: A sound knowledge of nutrient foramen topography, prevent the injuries of vasculature of bone during surgeries.

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 077-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Parmar ◽  
Pankaj Maheria ◽  
Kanan Shah

Abstract Background and Aim Nutrient foramina form important landmarks on human bones as they form portal of entry for nutrient artery. Nutrient artery is an important source of blood supply for a growing bone. Different parameters of nutrient foramina are important in various procedures such as vascularized bone grafting, tumor resections, fracture repair, and other surgical procedures in orthopedics. The objective of the present study was to report the number, position, direction, size, and foraminal index of nutrient foramen in the femur, tibia, and fibula. Materials and Methods The present study analyzed the location, direction, size, and the number of nutrient foramina in the diaphysis of 180 long bones of the lower limbs of adults: 60 femurs, 60 tibiae, and 60 fibulae. Result The location of the nutrient foramina is predominant on the posterior aspect of the lower limb long bones. Single nutrient foramen found in the tibia (100%), femur (48.3%), and fibula (60%) may represent as a single source of blood supply. The majority of the femur (50%) and few fibulae (5%) had a double nutrient foramen. The mean foraminal index for the lower limb bones was 40.5% for the left and 38.2% for the right side of the femur, 31.69% for the left and 32.3% for the right side of the tibia, and 32.7% for the left and 31.7% for the right side of the fibula. Conclusion The present study provides information on the number, size, position, and direction of nutrient foramina of the femur, tibia, and fibula bones.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 999-1002
Author(s):  
Suja R.S. ◽  
Mini Alikunju ◽  
Aswathy Maria Oommen ◽  
Sreekumar R ◽  
Sheena Kalyani Sukumaran ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramina are seen in the shaft of long bones. They vary in number, size and their position on the surface of bones. It transmits the nutrient artery which is the main source of blood supply to the long bones. We intend to study the location, number, type and direction of primary nutrient foramina (PNF) on the shaft of tibia. METHODS The descriptive study was done using 120 tibiae (right-66, left-54) from Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Length of each bone and distance of the nutrient foramen from the upper end of tibia was measured using osteometric board. The location of the primary nutrient foramina on the surface of tibia, the direction of the nutrient canal and the presence of secondary nutrient foramina were noted. RESULTS Single primary nutrient foramina were located on the posterior surface of 113 tibiae. 4 tibiae showed PNF and secondary nutrient foramina (SNF). No nutrient foramina were observed in 3 tibiae. CONCLUSIONS The precise knowledge and topography of PNF of tibia will help orthopaedic surgeons in minimising damage to vasculature of tibia during various surgical procedures. KEY WORDS Tibia, Nutrient Foramen, Nutrient Artery


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2099-2103
Author(s):  
Harsha Atul Keche ◽  
Preeti Prabhakar Thute ◽  
Darshna Gulabrao Fulmali ◽  
Atul Shankarrao Keche

BACKGROUND The clavicle or collar bone is a modified long bone. It is the first bone to ossify in the membrane. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove. The nutrient artery is derived from the supraclavicular or clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery. A bone is supplied by a nutrient artery which passes through the small tunnel called as nutrient foramina. In orthopaedic procedures to preserve the circulation, the topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important. The study was undertaken to analyse nutrient foramina in adult human clavicles in relation to their number, position, direction, and distribution over bone length. METHODS Our study consisted of 67 adult dry human clavicles (31 right sides and 36 left sides). The number, topography and direction of the foramina were studied. The distance of foramina from the sternal end & total length of the clavicles were measured in millimetres by using digital Vernier calipers. The foramen index was calculated by applying the Hughes formula: FI = (DNF TL) x 100. RESULTS Nutrient foramina were present in all the clavicles. Most of the clavicles have single nutrient foramen. We observed 62 (68.13 %) foramina on the posterior surface mostly in the middle 1 / 3rd region. All the nutrient foramina were directed towards acromial end and the foramina index (FI) was 50.2. CONCLUSIONS The topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important in orthopaedic procedures like nail plating, K wire fixation, reduction, internal fixation devices for the treatment of fracture, coracoclavicular ligament repair and in free vascularized bone graft to preserve the circulation. KEY WORDS Clavicle, Nutrient Foramina, Nutrient Artery, Foramina Index (FI)


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1252-1255
Author(s):  
Anwaar Hussain ◽  
Jawaria Khalid ◽  
Abdul Rauf

Objectives: To study the nutrient foramina of the dried human clavicle with respectto their position, number and direction for clinical interest. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. Period: Six monthsfrom July to December 2017. Material and Methods: 60 dried human clavicles taken frombone bank of Anatomy Department Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad. The foraminawere studied according to their location, and number and direction. The foramina index wascalculated using Hughes Formula by measuring the average total length and average lengthof foramina from sternal end of the clavicle. Results: The nutrient foramen was observed in all60(100%) of the clavicle. Single foramen was present in 22 (36.6%) clavicle and double foramenin 30(50%) clavicle. Triple and quadruple foramen in 6(10%) and 2(3.3%) clavicles respectively.The 34 left clavicles posses single foramen 12 (41.1%), double foramen 14(35.2%) while tripleand quadruple are 6(17.6%) and 2(5.8%) respectively. Total 26 right clavicles had 10 (38.4%)single foramen and 16(61.5%) double foramen. Total number of foramen in all 60 clavicleswere 108 of which 61.1% are located on posterior surface of the clavicle, 27% were found oninferior surface and rest 11.1% were on anterior surface. The clavicle having more than oneforamina are 28 out of which 64.2% was having both inferior and posterior foramina, 21.4 % wasanterior and posterior while 14.28% was located on triple sites anterior, inferior and posterior.We also found 90% of foramina were present on middle 1/3 and 10% on lateral 1/3. 98.3% ofthe foramina were directed to acromial end while rest 1.7 % to sternal end. The mean length offoramina from sternal end is 7.46 cm and mean maximum length of the clavicle was 14.51cm.The mean foramina index was 51.41. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that most ofthe foramina are located on middle 3rd of the clavicle the commonest site of the fractures of thebone. Most of the foramina are located on the posterior surface denoting its blood supply fromthe neighboring blood supply. The knowledge of the foramina and its blood supply is importantfor fracture healing and bone grafting.


Author(s):  
Samyog Mahat ◽  
Shamsher Shrestha ◽  
Prabhakar Yadav

Background: Nutrient artery gain access through nutrient foramen and provide vascular supply to bone. Number, size and location of nutrient foramen has significant medical as well as surgical importance. Any insult to nutrient artery during surgical procedure or during trauma may lead to devascualarization or poor prognosis.Methods: The present study consist of 50 femurs, 50 tibia and 50 fibula, collected from department of anatomy, BPKIHS. Mean length of bone, number, position and size and foraminal index of nutrient foramen was observed and recorded accordingly.Results: In femur 62% bone shows single nutrient foramen. Nutrient foramen was commonly located in medial lip of linea aspera and in upper third of bone which was noted in 80% of bone. In tibia 82% of total bone shows single foramen with absent of foramen in 6% bone. Foramen was commonly located above the soleal line and middle third of bone which was noted in 56% of bone. In fibula 6% of total bone shows absent of nutrient foramen and majority of bone shows single nutrient foramen (82%). Foramen was commonly located in lower part of posterior surface (60%) and in middle third of bone.Conclusions: This study provides details topographic knowledge about nutrient foramen which is important clinically for proper planning of surgery and its outcome.


Author(s):  
M. Sharma ◽  
R. Prashar ◽  
T. Sharma ◽  
A. Wadhwa

The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 801-805
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria a De Souza ◽  
Siddhesh Prakash Prabhu ◽  
Jai Krishnan D

BACKGROUND Tibia is the weight bearing bone of the leg. Usually it has a single nutrient foramen located posteriorly near the soleal line and transmits a branch of posterior tibial artery. The nutrient artery is the principal source of supply to a long bone. We carried out this study to find out the number, size, location, position and direction of the diaphyseal nutrient foramen in dried human tibia in Goan population. METHODS The study was carried out on 66 unpaired dry human tibiae of unknown age, gender and without deformity in the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College, using sliding and digital Vernier callipers, 20- and 24-gauge needles. Hughes formula was used to compute foraminal index. The data was statistically analysed with SPSS software version 23. RESULTS Most of the tibia in our study had a single nutrient foramen. Majority of the nutrient foramina were medium sized and directed downwards in our study. In 81.42 % tibiae, the nutrient foramina were present in the upper 1 / 3 rd of the shaft and in 18.57 % in the middle 1 / 3 rd of the shaft of the bone. Almost all nutrient foramina in the upper 1 / 3 rd of posterior surface were situated lateral to the soleal line. We computed the mean foraminal index as 30.25 % with standard deviation of 6.14. CONCLUSIONS A proper knowledge of morphometry and topography of the nutrient foramen is of utmost importance to orthopaedic surgeons as the nutrient artery may get damaged if fracture line passes through the nutrient canal. Also, it will help the surgeon to conserve vascular supply while performing bone grafting and fracture reduction. KEYWORDS Nutrient Foramen, Morphometry, Foraminal Index, Soleal Line


Author(s):  
Lejla Dervisevic ◽  
Amela Dervisevic ◽  
Zurifa Ajanovic ◽  
Ilvana Hasanbegovic

Background: The femur is supplied princially by the diaphyseal nutrient artery which enters the bone throught the nutrient foramen. This supply is essential during the growing period, the early phases of ossification, and in different surgical procedures. The aim of present study was to examine the morphology and topography of the femur nutrient foramen to provide detalied data on such features.Methods: This was a cross-sectional-descriptive study in which we observed 50 femurs. We analysed the number and location of nutrient foramina, the length of the bone, the position of the nutrient foramen regarding to values of FI, correlation between number of nutrient foramen and length of femur, correlation between position of nutrient foramen and side of extremity to which femur belongs.Results: The double foramina were common in right (57.1%) and left (42.1%) femur, mostly located in medial lip of aspera line in right (64.3%) and on the lateral lip in left femur (68.4%), with statistically significant correlation, χ = 4.85; p = 0.03, p <0.05.  The foramina in left (89.5%) and right (96.4%) femur were commonly observed at their middle third, with no statistically significant correlation between position of foramen accordingly to Foraminal Index value and side of extremity on which femur belongs (p=0.56; p>0.05). There is positive correlation between length of right and left femur and number of foramina.Conclusions: The study provides data of the nutrient foramina on femur, which is helpful for clinicians to help preserve bone vascularization during surgery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 1772-1776
Author(s):  
Govula Subramanyam ◽  
Kategari Chittinarasamma ◽  
Chaluvadi Jayamma ◽  
Somasekhar R.

BACKGROUND Nutrient foramen of humerus is an opening in the shaft of humerus which conducts nutrient vessels for medullary cavity. Major source of blood supply to long bone is the nutrient artery. Knowledge regarding nutrient foramen is important for orthopaedic surgeons while doing any procedure on humerus like bone grafting, plating and also plays an important role in fracture healing. We wanted to determine the location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen of humerus. METHODS The observational study was conducted on 72 adult humeri (36 of right side and 36 of left side) collected from Department of Anatomy, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh from 15th September to 31st October 2020. Each humerus was observed for location, number, and direction of nutrient foramen in relation with surface, border andzone. RESULTS In the present study it has been observed that 61 % of humeri had a single foramen, 31 % had two foramina and 8 % had 3 foramina. Majority of nutrient foramina (54.95 %) were present on antero-medial surface, 12.08 % on anterolateral surface, 12.08 % on posterior surface, 19.78 % on medial border, and 1.09 % on lateral border. It was also concluded that most (94.50 %) of the foramina were present in the zone II followed by zone III (3.30 %) then by zone I (2.19 %). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of number and location of the nutrient foramina in humerus will be helpful in preventing intra-operative injury of nutrient artery during orthopaedic, plastic and reconstructive surgery; and will also be relevant in medico legal practice. KEY WORDS Nutrient Foramen, Humerus, Nutrient Artery, Foraminal Index, Clinical Implications


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Swati Gandhi ◽  
Rajan K Singla ◽  
Rajesh K Suri ◽  
Vandana Mehta

El conocimiento del número y posición de los forámenes nutricios en los huesos largos es importante en los procedimientos ortopédicos, tales como la terapia de reemplazo de articulaciones, reparación de fracturas, injertos de hueso y micro-cirugía de hueso vascularizado. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el departamento de Anatomía, Colegio Médico Gubernamental de Amritsar. El estudio comprendió 100 tibias de humanos adultos obtenidas de 50 cadáveres masculinos y 50 femeninos. Todos los huesos del presente estudio presentaban el foramen nutricio situado en el tercio superior del eje y se dirigían hacia abajo. En la mayoría de los huesos, se encuentró lateral a la línea vertical en la superficie posterior de la diáfisis tibial. Las distancias medias de foramen nutricio de los extremos superior e inferior de la tibia eran mayores en los hombres en ambos lados. Además, estas mediciones mostraron valores más altos en los huesos de la mitad derecha. El conocimiento preciso de la ubicación de la forámenes nutricios en los huesos largos es útil en la prevención de las lesiones intra-operatorias en cirugía ortopédica, así como en cirugía plástica y reconstructiva y también es relevante en la práctica médico-legal. An understanding of the number and position of nutrient foramina in long bones is important in orthopedic procedures such as joint replacement therapy, fracture repair, bone grafts and vascularized bone microsurgery. The present study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College Amritsar. The study group comprised of 100 adult human tibiae obtained from 50 male and 50 female cadavers. All the bones of the present study depicted single nutrient foramen situated in the upper one third of the shaft and were directed downwards. In majority of the bones, it was located lateral to the vertical line on the posterior surface of tibial shaft. The mean distances of nutrient foramen from the upper and lower ends of tibia were found to be greater in males on both the sides. Also, these measurements showed higher values in the right sided bones.Precise knowledge of the location of the nutrient foramina in long bones is helpful in preventing intra-operative injuries in orthopedic as well as in plastic and reconstructive surgery and is also relevant in medicolegal practice.


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