scholarly journals The Ontology of the Intellectual Commons

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Moral Significance ◽  
Work Value ◽  
Intellectual Commons

This chapter formulates a processual ontology of the intellectual commons, by examining the substance, elements, tendencies and manifestations of their being. The first part of the chapter introduces the various definitions of the concept, identifying the inherent elements and characteristics of the intellectual commons. Its second part focuses on the elements that constitute the totalities of the intellectual commons. Its third part emphasises their structural tendencies. Finally, the fourth and last part of the chapter deals with the various manifestations of the intellectual commons in the domains of culture, science and technology. Overall it proceeds by pointing out the tendencies and manifestations of the intellectual commons in the context of their dialectical interrelation with capital and commodity markets. This chapter is an analysis of the elements of personhood, work, value and community within the intellectual commons, which bear moral significance. It thus constitutes the ontological basis for the normative theory of the intellectual commons developed in the study.

scholarly journals Towards a Normative Theory of the Intellectual Commons

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Value ◽  
Intellectual Commons

Recapitulating earlier chapters that established the social value of commons-based activity the chapter offers a unified normative theory of the intellectual commons in support of an intellectual commons law. As the normative denouement of the book, this chapter down the foundations for the critical normative theory of the intellectual commons and the moral justification of an intellectual commons law and is structured into six interlinked sections starting with a statement of the basic tenets of a critical normative theory of the intellectual commons. The subsequent four sections examine the normative dimensions of the intellectual commons, i.e. personhood, work, value and community. Concluding sections briefly outline the contours of an intellectual commons law in alignment with the normative evaluations of the chapter. The ethical arguments of the model overall have established the moral grounds and present the framework for a distinct and independent body of law for the protection and promotion of the intellectual commons beyond the inherent limitations of intellectual property law.

scholarly journals Intellectual Commons and the Law: A Normative Theory for Commons-Based Peer Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Intellectual Production ◽  
Intellectual Commons

At the cutting edge of contemporary wealth creation people form self-governed communities of collaborative innovation in conditions of relative equipotency and produce resources with free access to all. The emergent intellectual commons have the potential to commonify intellectual production and distribution, unleash human creativity through collaboration and democratise innovation with wider positive effects for our societies. Contemporary intellectual property laws fail to address this potential. We are, therefore, in pressing need of an institutional alternative beyond the inherent limitations of intellectual property law. This book offers an overall analysis of the moral significance of the intellectual commons and outlines appropriate modes for their regulation. Its principal thesis is that our legal systems are in need of an independent body of law for the protection and promotion of the intellectual commons, in parallel to intellectual property law. In this context, the author of the book proposes the reconstruction of the doctrine of the public domain and the exceptions and limitations of exclusive intellectual property rights into an intellectual commons law, which will underpin a vibrant non-commercial zone of creativity and innovation in intellectual production, distribution and consumption alongside commodity markets enabled by intellectual property law.

scholarly journals The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Commons-Based and Monetary Value Dialectics

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Online Communities ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Commons

What are the characteristics and manifestations of the intellectual commons? This chapter investigates the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, in an effort to specify the mutual influences between them and to answer this question. It proceeds with an analysis of the dialectics between commons-based and monetary values, as recorded in the study. It also deals with the comparison of value circulation between the offline and online communities of the sample. Its key finding is that commons-based value circuits are in constant contestation with monetary values in communities of the intellectual commons. Furthermore, the chapter offers a view of the actual forms that such contestation takes and its impact on the evolution of the intellectual commons. As a corollary, the current chapter on commons-based and monetary value dialectics reveals that communities of the intellectual commons formulate their own specific modes of value circulation and value pooling, which come into contentious interrelation with the corresponding mode of commodity and capital circulation and accumulation. Such a confrontation at the core of this dialectic permeates and frames the communities of the intellectual commons that are suppressed by the dominant value system of commodity markets and its universal equivalent of value in the form of money. Such pressure, may even lead to the extinction of intellectual commons communities, comes into contradiction with the overall conclusion regarding their social value and potential. Yet communities of the intellectual commons contain and emanate a wealth of social values, which ought to be protected through legal means.

Laboratory Simulation of Lunar Luminescence

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Geake ◽  
H. Lipson ◽  
M. D. Lumb
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Physics Department ◽  
Luminescent Spectrum

Work has recently begun in the Physics Department of the Manchester College of Science and Technology on an attempt to simulate lunar luminescence in the laboratory. This programme is running parallel with that of our colleagues in the Manchester University Astronomy Department, who are making observations of the luminescent spectrum of the Moon itself. Our instruments are as yet only partly completed, but we will describe briefly what they are to consist of, in the hope that we may benefit from the comments of others in the same field, and arrange to co-ordinate our work with theirs.

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