scholarly journals Latent Variables Analysis in Structural Models: A New Decomposition of the Kalman Smoother

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (100) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Hess Chung ◽  
◽  
Cristina Fuentes-Albero ◽  
Matthias Paustian ◽  
Damjan Pfajfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Data Decomposition ◽  
Kalman Smoother ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Double Decomposition ◽  
The Relationship

This paper advocates chaining the decomposition of shocks into contributions from forecast errors to the shock decomposition of the latent vector to better understand model inference about latent variables. Such a double decomposition allows us to gauge the inuence of data on latent variables, like the data decomposition. However, by taking into account the transmission mechanisms of each type of shock, we can highlight the economic structure underlying the relationship between the data and the latent variables. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by detailing the role of observable variables in estimating the output gap in two models.

scholarly journals Challenging Narrative Hierarchies: Embedded Narrative Structure in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas and Mark Danielewski's House of Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel James Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Film Criticism ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
House Of Leaves ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Cloud Atlas ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves and David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas both feature highly complex structures of narrative embedding. This thesis examines the use of narrative levels in these two novels, considering how the purposes and effects of embedding change and how attention to the structure of this literary device transforms readings of these texts. Cloud Atlas features six distinct and seemingly stand-alone embedded narratives. The relationship between them is complicated both by competing structural models and by clashes of continuity between fact and fiction. Mitchell's novel draws attention to the role of storytelling in the creation of history and human identity. House of Leaves embeds an invented film within a novel masquerading as film criticism, with edits and commentary provided by a further narrator. The disparate parts, narratorial unreliability, and multiple acts of remediation serve to undermine the elaborate narrative hierarchy Danielewski creates. This instability foregrounds the subjectivity of the relationship between reader and text and the embedding narrator functions as a model for the active reader who both interprets and recreates. In both novels the differently styled narratives and structures of embedding facilitate an exploration of the permutations of fact and fiction and, by transgressing the norms of this literary device, they bring into focus the assumptions that exist around it.</p>

scholarly journals Challenging Narrative Hierarchies: Embedded Narrative Structure in David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas and Mark Danielewski's House of Leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel James Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Film Criticism ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
House Of Leaves ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Cloud Atlas ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Mark Z. Danielewski's House of Leaves and David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas both feature highly complex structures of narrative embedding. This thesis examines the use of narrative levels in these two novels, considering how the purposes and effects of embedding change and how attention to the structure of this literary device transforms readings of these texts. Cloud Atlas features six distinct and seemingly stand-alone embedded narratives. The relationship between them is complicated both by competing structural models and by clashes of continuity between fact and fiction. Mitchell's novel draws attention to the role of storytelling in the creation of history and human identity. House of Leaves embeds an invented film within a novel masquerading as film criticism, with edits and commentary provided by a further narrator. The disparate parts, narratorial unreliability, and multiple acts of remediation serve to undermine the elaborate narrative hierarchy Danielewski creates. This instability foregrounds the subjectivity of the relationship between reader and text and the embedding narrator functions as a model for the active reader who both interprets and recreates. In both novels the differently styled narratives and structures of embedding facilitate an exploration of the permutations of fact and fiction and, by transgressing the norms of this literary device, they bring into focus the assumptions that exist around it.</p>

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIARIES’ POWER ON CONTRACTING DECISION BETWEEN FARMERS AND INTERMEDIARIES.

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Orjon Xhoxhi ◽  
Remzi Keco ◽  
Engjell Skreli ◽  
Drini Imami ◽  
Bari Musabelliu
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Specific Investments ◽  
Power Effect ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
The Relationship

The paper investigates the determinants of farmers’ participation in contract farming (CF) in the context of a transition country, namely Albania. The focus is on intermediaries’ bargaining power effect on farmers’ engagement in CF. Exploratory factor analysis is used to develop measures for the latent variables, while a logit regression model is employed to test the hypothesized relationship. The results show that intermediaries’ bargaining power moderates negatively the relationship between farmers’ specific investments and CF participation. Farmers’ with high specific investment are reluctant to contract with buyers who have power because contracting with such a buyer implies that they can extract higher values from farmers’ specific investments. Other strong predictors of contracting decision are farmers’ trust on the intermediary, intermediary’s advice to the farmer and intermediary’s specific investment.

scholarly journals Latent Variables Analysis in Structural Models: A New Decomposition of the Kalman Smoother

2021 ◽  
pp. 104097
Author(s):  
Hess Chung ◽  
Cristina Fuentes-Albero ◽  
Matthias Paustian ◽  
Damjan Pfajfar
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Kalman Smoother

scholarly journals BUDGET FORECAST ERRORS AND BUDGET DEVIATION: FINANCIAL CAPABILITY INDEX AS MODERATING VARIABLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jancen Roland Patty
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Financial Capability ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Relationship

The lack of accounting literature that links budget supervision or control with budget realization allows the author to conduct this study. In addition, the main issue of this study is the failure of the local government in planning, implementing and being responsible for the budget resulting in budget surpluses and deficits. Surplus and deficit prove the existence of the budget deviations. The cause of the budget deviation is a mistake in the budget forecast. Some cases of budget deficits in Indonesia prove this. Budget forecast errors have the potential to increase budget deviation due to the role of the financial capability index. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of financial capability index in influencing the relationship of budget forecast errors and budget deviation. The sample used local government in Indonesia between 2016 and 2018 through a purposive sampling technique. Analytical tools use STATA Version 15.1. The results of the study prove that budget forecast errors have a positive and significant effect on budget deviation, and the financial capability index has a positive effect on the relationship between budget forecast errors and budget deviation. Sensitivity testing and additional testing reinforced the initial testing of this study.

Team performance in the Italian NHS: the role of reflexivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
Flavio Urbini ◽  
Antonino Callea ◽  
Antonio Chirumbolo ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Emanuela Ingusci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Factor ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate the goodness of the input-process-output (IPO) model in order to evaluate work team performance within the Italian National Health Care System (NHS); and second, to test the mediating role of reflexivity as an overarching process factor between input and output. Design/methodology/approach The Italian version of the Aston Team Performance Inventory was administered to 351 employees working in teams in the Italian NHS. Mediation analyses with latent variables were performed via structural equation modeling (SEM); the significance of total, direct, and indirect effect was tested via bootstrapping. Findings Underpinned by the IPO framework, the results of SEM supported mediational hypotheses. First, the application of the IPO model in the Italian NHS showed adequate fit indices, showing that the process mediates the relationship between input and output factors. Second, reflexivity mediated the relationship between input and output, influencing some aspects of team performance. Practical implications The results provide useful information for HRM policies improving process dimensions of the IPO model via the mediating role of reflexivity as a key role in team performance. Originality/value This study is one of a limited number of studies that applied the IPO model in the Italian NHS. Moreover, no study has yet examined the role of reflexivity as a mediator between input and output factors in the IPO model.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Social Support, Emotional Intelligence, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Hofman ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Christine K. Tirabassi ◽  
Raluca M. Gaher
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Exposure to traumatic events and the associated risk of developing Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is a significant and overlooked concern in the college population. It is important for current research to identify potential protective factors associated with the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms unique to this population. Emotional intelligence and perceived social support are two identified protective factors that influence the association between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptomology. The current study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. Participants included 443 trauma-exposed university students who completed online questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that social support mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and reported PTSD symptoms. Thus, emotional intelligence is significantly associated with PTSD symptoms and social support may play an integral role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD. The current study is the first to investigate the role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. These findings have important treatment and prevention implications with regard to PTSD.

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