scholarly journals ANTON KARTASHEV AND THE POST-WAR REVIVAL OF THE ST. SERGIUS ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE IN PARIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
A. V. Antoshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
East European ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Post War ◽  
Professional Contexts

The paper reveals the role of the famous church historian Anton Kartashev in the revival of the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute in Paris after the Second World War, as evidenced by the restoration of the number of students and professors. The sources for the article are published and archival materials stored in the Bahmetev Archive of Russian and East European Culture at Columbia University, USA. The research methodology is based on the principles of communication analysis of intellectual biography, considering its polycontextuality. The socio-political and professional contexts were chosen as significant ones. As a result of the study, the change in the national composition of students led to a metamorphosis of the mission of the institute, as the historian characterized it. From an educational institution where priests were trained for Russian emigrants who were forced to leave their homeland after the 1917 revolution, it turned into a pan-Orthodox educational center in Russian. The professor’s special contribution to the revival of the institute was in the search and implementation of opportunities for material and financial support of colleagues and students in the difficult post-war years and in the training of a young generation of the teachers. The article clarifies the motives for Anton Kartashev’s rejection of the actions of Metropolitan Evlogy (Georgievsky) to return Russian Orthodox parishes in Western Europe to the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. Considering such a step reasonable, he defined it in the specific conditions of international relations (the spread of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe) and the political situation in the USSR (the enslavement of the Russian Orthodox Church by the godless state) as an act of generating new schisms among Russian emigrants.

The Marshall Plan, Britain and the cold war

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Cromwell
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Allied Occupation ◽  
East European ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Power Negotiations ◽  
East West

By mid-1947 the division of Europe had acquired clear momentum and definable contours, yet it had not yet fully congealed. The period was a transitional one, moving away from the contexts of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements which anticipated post war great power collaboration in Europe, and moving toward the complete Stalinizatioh of eastern Europe and the concomitant linking of western Europe to an American led economic and security order. Yet despite the recent Soviet backed ouster of Nagy in Hungary in May, some elements of a pan-European fabric remained intact if uncertain The Four Power negotiations over Germany's future were continuing and the allied occupation machinery remained in place. The establishment of the Economic Commission for Europe in May 1947 provided at least an institutional framework for considering recovery problems on a pan-European rather than an east-west basis. And during this pre-Cominform period the east European states appeared to anticipate some independence in foreign affairs, as suggested by the initial expressions of interest by Czechoslovakia and Poland in responding to Secretary of State Marshall's aid initiative.

scholarly journals “I have to wait and look around”: George Fedotov’s letters from New Haven to his wife, 1941

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-638
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Antoshchenko
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
New Haven ◽  
East European ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Divinity School ◽  
Religious Mind ◽  
Final Work ◽  
American Academic

The letters of the well-known émigré historian and essayist are published. The letters are stored in the Bakhmeteff archive of Russian and East European culture at Columbia University. In the introduction, the publisher shows the assistance rendered to G. Fedotov by the well-known figures of the Russian diaspora in the United States and characterizes the importance of the correspondence for study of how he was looking for his place in the American academic community. The historian hoped to find it due to the invitation to attend the meetings of the Theological Discussion Group. Particular attention is paid to G. Fedotov’s critical understanding of the intellectual heritage of his former colleague, Fr. S. Bulgakov, caused by the need to deliver lectures at Divinity School. The consequences of this were reflected in The Russian Religious Mind, the final work of the historian, in which he criticized pagan hylozoism found in Kievan Christianity, and negatively assessed the Byzantine influence. The text of the letters is presented in accordance with the present-day spelling rules and accompanied with the necessary commentary.

MAN-CITIZEN-INTELLECTUAL IN THE INTERPRETATION OF UKRAINIAN AND POLISH EMIGRATION ON THE PAGES OF “CULTURE” BY J. GIEDROYC

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Olesya Nakhlik
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Deforma Tion ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Post War ◽  
Human Intellect

The article is devoted to the elucidation of the points of view, considerations and discussions of Ukrainian and Polish emigrants from the circles united around the Parisian magazine “Culture” by J. Giedroyc on the deformation of a human-intellect- citizen in the Soviet totalitarian society. Immediately after its foundation, the well-known Polish emigration magazine “Culture” designated his pages as a place for the intellectual meetings of the authors describing the essence of Soviet totalitarianism, the importance of exposing illusions about the absence of the threat of sovietism to the countries of Western Europe, realizing that com- munism is in the same degree dangerous for European culture, as there was dangerous German Nazism before. First of all Polish and later Ukrainian intellectuals (writers, historians, publicists, journalists) focused their attention on reflections on the deforma- tion of the human-intellectualist-citizen in the totalitarian world. Articles by J. Ławrinenko, Julian Kardosz (E. Małaniuk), J. Sze- rech-Szewelow, Cz. Miłosz, G. Herling-Grudziński, J. Czapski and many other dissidents living in Western democracies, hold the necessary distance to look carefully at the methods of the Soviet repressive system and the effects of total propaganda. The research material consists of the texts of these authors from the post-war decade. Despite the fact that this is a relatively short moment in the decades-long dominance of the Soviet regime in a large part of European territories, even it reveals the scale of crimes committed against a man forced to live in the Soviet regime in the countries behind the Iron Curtain. Published in “Culture” texts belonging to various literary and non-literary genres show us the essence of totalitarianism existing in the homelands of their authors – it is total power over every citizen, manifesting from physical destruction (unjustified arrests, abductions, exiles to camps, shootings) to the spiritual humiliation by torture with the atmosphere of fear, terror, informing, uncertainty, indoctrination. The level of merciless means of maintaining this total power in Poland was somewhat weaker in comparison to Ukraine, but at the same time did not change its basic striving to suppress and eliminate any individual or collective opposition of the communist ideology. That is why it is particularly important to consider points of view, meditation and discussion of the Polish and Ukrainian perspectives on Soviet totalitarianism, its ideology, which has entered all aspects of human existence.

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