Cerebrovascular disease incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over prolonged time periods

Abstract Background Patients receiving radiotherapy demonstrate cognitive deficits, impairment of neurogenesis and neurovascular damage developing as late side effects of radiation exposure to the head. In light of the increasing use of diagnostic radiological procedures, epidemiological data raise concerns about possible harmful effects of low-level radiation on the human brain. A series of studies of chronically exposed Russian nuclear workers have provided information on risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases. Methods This study aimed to assess the risk of Parkinson’s-disease (PD) incidence in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to chronic radiation. The cohort comprised workers of a Russian nuclear production facility who were first employed in 1948–1982 and followed up until the end of 2013 (22 377 individuals; 25% female). Using the AMFIT module of EPICURE software, relative risk and excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) were calculated based on maximum likelihood. Results A linear association was found between PD incidence and cumulative γ-dose after adjusting for sex and attained age [ERR/Gy = 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.63, p = 5.44 × 10–5)]. The ERR/Gy of external radiation for PD incidence was stable after adjusting for neutron dose (ERR/Gy = 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 1.67, p = 6.86 × 10–5). The risk increased with increasing lag period and decreased notably after adjusting for body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. Additional adjustments for hypertension, gout, gastric ulcer, head injuries with loss of awareness and diabetes mellitus did not affect the risk estimate. Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that PD is associated with prolonged occupational external γ-ray exposure.

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Optimising patient recall of adverse events over prolonged time periods

Trials ◽

10.1186/1745-6215-12-s1-a74 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Louise Hiller ◽

Janet A Dunn ◽

Helen B Higgins ◽

Emma Ogburn-Storey ◽

Shrushma Loi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Prolonged Time ◽

Patient Recall ◽

Time Periods

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A COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY ASSESSED OVER VARYING TIME PERIODS USING DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

10.26226/morressier.5ab8f564d462b8029238d330 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Will Davison

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Time Periods ◽

Methods Of Measurement

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Cerebrovascular Disease Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes in Patients Initiating Dialysis: The Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD (CHOICE) Study

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.01.261 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 468-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Stephen M. Sozio ◽

Paige A. Armstrong ◽

Josef Coresh ◽

Bernard G. Jaar ◽

Nancy E. Fink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Disease Incidence

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Haptoglobin genotype and cerebrovascular disease incidence in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164114539713 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tina Costacou ◽

Aaron M Secrest ◽

Robert E Ferrell ◽

Trevor J Orchard

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Haptoglobin Genotype

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Growth arrest in the active rare biosphere

10.1101/284430 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bela Hausmann ◽

Claus Pelikan ◽

Thomas Rattei ◽

Alexander Loy ◽

Michael Pester

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Activity ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽

Sulfate Reducer ◽

Prolonged Time ◽

Rare Biosphere ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Time Periods

AbstractMicrobial diversity in the environment is mainly concealed within the rare biosphere, which is arbitrarily defined as all species with <0.1% relative abundance. While dormancy explains a low-abundance state very well, the cellular mechanisms leading to rare but active microorganisms are not clear. We used environmental systems biology to genomically and metabolically characterize a cosmopolitan sulfate reducer that is of low abundance but highly active in peat soil, where it contributes to counterbalance methane emissions. We obtained a 98%-complete genome of this low-abundance species, Candidatus Desulfosporosinus infrequens, by metagenomics. To test for environmentally relevant metabolic activity of Ca. D. infrequens, anoxic peat soil microcosms were incubated under diverse in situ-like conditions for 36 days and analyzed by metatranscriptomics. Compared to the no-substrate control, transcriptional activity of Ca. D. infrequens increased 56- to 188-fold in incubations with sulfate and acetate, propionate, lactate, or butyrate, revealing a versatile substrate use. Cellular activation was due to a significant overexpression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and carbon-degradation pathways, but not of genes encoding DNA or cell replication. We show for the first time that a rare biosphere member transcribes metabolic pathways relevant for carbon and sulfur cycling over prolonged time periods while being growth-arrested in its lag phase.SignificanceThe microbial rare biosphere represents the largest pool of biodiversity on Earth and constitutes, in sum of all its members, a considerable part of a habitat’s biomass. Dormancy or starvation are typically used to explain a low-abundance state. We show that low-abundance microorganisms can be highly metabolically active while being growth-arrested over prolonged time periods. We show that this is true for microbial keystone species, such as a cosmopolitan but low-abundance sulfate reducer in wetlands that is involved in counterbalancing greenhouse gas emission. Our results challenge the central dogmas “metabolic activity translates directly into growth” as well as “low abundance equals little ecosystem impact” and provide an important step forward in understanding rare biosphere members relevant for ecosystem functions.

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Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/awaa239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 (10) ◽

pp. 3089-3103 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Francisco Hernández-Fernández ◽

Hernán Sandoval Valencia ◽

Rosa Angélica Barbella-Aponte ◽

Rosa Collado-Jiménez ◽

Óscar Ayo-Martín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Chest Ct ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Modified Rankin Scale ◽

First Case ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Disease Case

Abstract Since the appearance of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic has emerged affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although the main clinical manifestations are respiratory, an increase in neurological conditions, specifically acute cerebrovascular disease, has been detected. We present cerebrovascular disease case incidence in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were confirmed by microbiological/serological testing, or on chest CT semiology. Available data on co-morbidity, laboratory parameters, treatment administered, neuroimaging, neuropathological studies and clinical evolution during hospitalization, measured by the modified Rankin scale, were analysed. A bivariate study was also designed to identify differences between ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes. A statistical model of binary logistic regression and sensitivity analysis was designed to study the influence of independent variables over prognosis. In our centre, there were 1683 admissions of patients with COVID-19 over 50 days, of which 23 (1.4%) developed cerebrovascular disease. Within this group of patients, cerebral and chest CT scans were performed in all cases, and MRI in six (26.1%). Histological samples were obtained in 6/23 cases (two brain biopsies, and four arterial thrombi). Seventeen patients were classified as cerebral ischaemia (73.9%, with two arterial dissections), five as intracerebral haemorrhage (21.7%), and one leukoencephalopathy of posterior reversible encephalopathy type. Haemorrhagic patients had higher ferritin levels at the time of stroke (1554.3 versus 519.2, P = 0.004). Ischaemic strokes were unexpectedly frequent in the vertebrobasilar territory (6/17, 35.3%). In the haemorrhagic group, a characteristic radiological pattern was identified showing subarachnoid haemorrhage, parieto-occipital leukoencephalopathy, microbleeds and single or multiple focal haematomas. Brain biopsies performed showed signs of thrombotic microangiopathy and endothelial injury, with no evidence of vasculitis or necrotizing encephalitis. The functional prognosis during the hospital period was unfavourable in 73.9% (17/23 modified Rankin scale 4–6), and age was the main predictive variable (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.012–2.225; P = 0.043). Our series shows cerebrovascular disease incidence of 1.4% in patients with COVID-19 with high morbidity and mortality. We describe pathological and radiological data consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by endotheliopathy with a haemorrhagic predisposition.

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Plant foods and the risk of cerebrovascular diseases: a potential protection of fruit consumption

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509359097 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 1075-1083 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Anna Mizrahi ◽

Paul Knekt ◽

Jukka Montonen ◽

Maarit A. Laaksonen ◽

Markku Heliövaara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Intracerebral Haemorrhage ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Cruciferous Vegetables ◽

Health Examination ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Fruit Consumption ◽

Plant Foods

Studies on the association between plant foods and cerebrovascular diseases have given contradictory results suggesting the existence of some effect-modifying factors. The present study determines whether the consumption of plant foods (i.e. fruits and berries, vegetables, and cereals) predicts a decreased cerebrovascular disease incidence in a population with low fruit and vegetable and high wholegrain intake. This cohort study on 3932 men and women was based on data from the Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination Survey, conducted in 1968–72. The participants were 40–74 years of age and free of cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Data on the plant food consumption were derived from a 1-year dietary history interview. During a 24-year follow-up 625 cases of cerebrovascular diseases occurred, leading to either hospitalisation or death. An inverse association was found between fruit consumption and the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. The adjusted relative risks (RR) between the highest and lowest quartiles of intake of any cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage were 0·75 (95 % CI 0·59, 0·94), 0·73 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·00) and 0·47 (95 % CI 0·24, 0·92), respectively. These associations were primarily due to the consumption of citrus fruits and occurred only in men. Total consumption of vegetables or cereals was not associated with the cerebrovascular disease incidence. The consumption of cruciferous vegetables, however, predicted a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases (RR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·63, 0·99), ischaemic stroke (RR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·92) and intracerebral haemorrhage (RR 0·49; 95 % CI 0·25, 0·98). In conclusion, the consumption of fruits, especially citrus, and cruciferous vegetables may protect against cerebrovascular diseases.

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Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Incidence Among 42785 Adults: The Thai Cohort Study, 2005-2013

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v12n7p81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Xiyu Feng ◽

Matthew Kelly ◽

Sam-ang Seubsman ◽

Adrian Sleigh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Previous Diagnosis ◽

Underlying Diseases

BACKGROUND: Due to economic and social development in Thailand, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVA) have been gradually replacing infectious diseases and have become the main threat to health in this country. METHOD: This study used the 2005 baseline data of 42785 members of the Thai cohort study (TCS) to identify health risk factors correlated with incidence of CVD and/or CVA over 8 years (2005- 2013). We applied multivariate logistic regression to investigate associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and personal lifestyle factors and CVD and/or CVA incidence. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of CVD and/or CVA in males was more than three times that in females. CVD and/or CVA incidence was correlated with ageing, obesity (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16-2.40) and previous diagnosis with diabetes (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.80-5.30), hyperlipidaemia (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.19), hypertension (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13-2.59), chronic kidney disease (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35-4.10), and depression/anxiety (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.64-4.63). Short sleep time was positively associated with CVD and/or CVA in the Thai Cohort Study. An inverse association between performing housework and the incidence of CVD and/or CVA was also identified. However, current smoking had a significant positive correlation with the incidence of CVD and/or CVA for participants. CONCLUSION: Older age, obesity, underlying diseases, short sleep time, and current smoking were the risk factors for CVD and/or CVA incidence for the participants. However, housework, as an incidental exercise, could protect people against the risk of CVD and/or CVA.

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