scholarly journals Estructura, composición florística y diversidad de especies leñosas de un bosque mesófilo de montaña en la Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Enrique Valente Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Lauro López-Mata ◽  
Edmundo García-Moya ◽  
Ramón Cuevas-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Transitional Forest ◽  
Bosque Mesófilo De Montaña ◽  
Sierra De Manantlán

In this paper we describe the structure, floristic composition and woody (tree and shrub) species diversity of a cloud forest at Cuzalapa, Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco. Two localities with four 2,500 m2 plots each were established at El Durazno and La Pareja. All species present in the plots were identified and recorded, and their diameters at breast height (DBH ≥ 3cm) and heights measured. Forest structure is described using the relative values of density and basal area; in addition, a diagram  of forest profile was drawn for each plot. Among-plot similarity was assessed with Sørensen 's Index. Species diversity was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener 's, Simpson's, and Fisher's α indexes. In the total sampled area (2 ha) 2,086 individuals  belonging to 101 species (including two new records for the flora de la Sierra de Manantlán, Sapranthus foetidus and AIchornea  latifolia), distributed in 75 genera and 44 farnilies, were recorded. The families with the largest numbers of species were:  Leguminosae (8), Solanaceae and Fagaceae (7 each), Moraceae and Compositae (6 each), Lauraceae (5), and Rubiaceae (3).  Tree density at El Durazno and La Pareja was 1,084 and 1,002 trees ha-', and basal area was 38.7 and 31.9 m2 ha-', respectively.  At both localities, Styrax radians had the highest relative importance value. Forest structure and species composition at both  localities correspond to tracks of transitional forest between early to intermediate stages, which results from recurrent anthro- pogenic disturbances such as logging 50 years ago. Species diversity in Cuzalapa is one of the highest ever recorded for cloud  forests of Mexico, which presumably is a consequence of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Both kind of disturbances  are important forces in maintaining the structure, species composition, and high species diversity in this cloud forest.

scholarly journals Vegetación de bordes en un bosque mesófilo de montaña del occidente de México

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Santiago Pérez ◽  
Enrique José Jardel Peláez ◽  
Ramón Cuevas Guzmán ◽  
Francisco Martín Huerta Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Edge Type ◽  
Bosque Mesófilo De Montaña ◽  
Sierra De Manantlán

<p>Species composition, diversity, structure and microclimate were compared in two edge type of montane cloud forest (FF, edges with pine forest and FS, secondary shrubland) within a forest-edge-exterior gradient at Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (Jalisco, Mexico). The cloud forest presented higher richness (126 species, 52 interior habitat specifi c) than pine forests (84) and shrublands (71). Richness and diversity were similar in FF, but species replacement was higher in FS. Density, diameter structure, basal area and canopy cover were major in FF than in FS. Microclimatic and soil condition, was gradual in FF edges and abrupt in FS edges. Tree species of the cloud forests (high density of seedlings and saplings &lt;5 cm diameter breast height) are colonizing the understory of adjacent pine forests, whereas in shrublands their establishment appears to be limited by competition with shrubs and herbaceous species and microclimatic conditions. Our results highlight the importance of considering edge type contrast in conservation and restoration of cloud forest in forest landscapes.</p>

scholarly journals Forest Structure, Composition and Above Ground Biomass of Tree Community in Tropical Dry Forests of Eastern Ghats, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudam Charan SAHU ◽  
H.S. SURESH ◽  
N.H. RAVINDRANATH
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Stocks

The study of biomass, structure and composition of tropical forests implies also the investigation of forest productivity, protection of biodiversity and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere via C-stocks. The hereby study aimed at understanding the forest structure, composition and above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical dry deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India, where as a total of 128 sample plots (20 x 20 meters) were laid. The study showed the presence of 71 tree species belonging to 57 genera and 30 families. Dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an importance value index (IVI) of 40.72, while Combretaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) of 39.01. Mean stand density was 479 trees ha-1 and a basal area of 15.20 m2 ha-1. Shannon’s diversity index was 2.01 ± 0.22 and Simpson’s index was 0.85 ± 0.03. About 54% individuals were in the size between 10 and 20 cm DBH, indicating growing forests. Mean above ground biomass value was 98.87 ± 68.8 Mg ha-1. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above ground biomass were Shorea robusta (17.2%), Madhuca indica (7.9%), Mangifera indica (6.9%), Terminalia alata (6.9%) and Diospyros melanoxylon (4.4%), warranting extra efforts for their conservation. The results suggested that C-stocks of tropical dry forests can be enhanced by in-situ conserving the high C-density species and also by selecting these species for afforestation and stand improvement programs. Correlations were computed to understand the relationship between above ground biomass, diversity indices, density and basal area, which may be helpful for implementation of REDD+ (reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) scheme.

scholarly journals TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN A PRISTINE MONTANE FOREST PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FOJA MOUNTAINS, PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Sadili ◽  
Kuswata Kartawinata ◽  
Herwasono Soedjito ◽  
Edy Nasriadi Sambas
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Species Area

ADILI, A., KARTAWINATA, K., SOEDJITO, H. & SAMBAS, E. N. 2018. Tree species diversity in a pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities in Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(2): 133‒154. ‒‒ A study on structure and composition of the pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities was conducted at the Foja Mountains in November 2008. We established a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m each. We enumerated all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm which diameters were measured, heights were estimated and habitats were noted. We recorded 59 species, 42 genera and 27 families, comprising 693 trees with the total basal area (BA) of 41.35 m2/ha. The forest had lower species richness compared to those of lowland forests in Kalimantan, and Sumatra and montane forests in West Java. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was 3.22. Nothofagus rubra (Importance Value, IV=47.89%) and Parinari corymbosa (IV=40.3%) were the dominant species, constituting the basis for designating the forest as the Nothofagus rubra - Parinari corymbosa association. To date, the dominance of N. rubra is unique to the Foja Mountains, as elsewhere in Papua the montane forests were dominated by N. pullei or other species. The species-area curve indicated a minimal area of 5000 m2. On the family level Fagaceae (IV=53.23%), Chrysobalanaceae (IV=40.53%) and Myristicaceae (IV=26.43%) were dominant. Verti-cally the forest consisted of four strata (A–D). In each stratum Nothofagus rubra, Platea latifolia, Parinari corymbosa and Myristica hollrungii were dominant. The diameter class distribution of Nothofagus rubra, Parinari corymbosa and Platea latifolia led us to assume that these species were regenerating well.

scholarly journals Species Diversity and Tree Regeneration Patterns in Tropical Forests of the Western Ghats, India

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jayakumar ◽  
K. K. N. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Regeneration Pattern

Study Aim. To assess species diversity and tree regeneration patterns of different vegetation types of Western Ghats, India. Rarefaction was used to estimate species diversity of different vegetation types. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in tree density and basal area of different vegetation types. Sorenson index of similarity was used to calculate change in species composition between mature trees and regenerating individuals. Results showed that species diversity and regeneration pattern of trees differ in different vegetation types of the forest landscape. Species-area and species-individual accumulation curve (rarefaction) against equal-sized sampling area in different vegetation types showed that species heterogeneity was higher in vegetation types at mid elevations while their abundance was higher in vegetation types at higher elevations. All the vegetation types of the study area were heterogeneously distributed. Tree regeneration was higher in species rich vegetation type with no sign of human disturbances. Change in species composition across mature and regenerating phase was more frequent in disturbed forest as compared to undisturbed or less disturbed forests. New entry species occur in all the vegetation types.

Structure and floristic composition of a tropical evergreen forest in south-west India

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pascal ◽  
Raphael Pelissier
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Tropical Evergreen Forest ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Western Ghats

ABSTRACTA permanent plot of 28 ha was established in a dense wet evergreen forest in the Western Ghats of India to study the functioning of the ecosystem. Since April 1990, 1981 trees of ≥30 cm gbh have been enumerated in a systematic sampling of five strips totalling 3.12 ha. This paper describes the main structural and floristic characteristics of the plot.The density (635 trees ≥30 cm gbh per hectare) and basal area (39.7 m2 ha−1) are high. Despite the high diversity (Simpson's D = 0.92 and Shannon's H' = 4.56), four species are distinctly, dominant in terms of an importance value index (relative density + relative basal area). Each of these four species occupies a different layer in the ecosystem: Humboldtia brunonis Wall. (Fabaceae) dominates the undergrowth, Myristica dactyloïdes Gaertn. (Myristicaceae) the intermediate strata, Valeria indica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) the higher canopy level and Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. (Dipterocarpaceae) the emergents. This pronounced species hierarchy is one of the most important characteristics of the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. The two dipterocarps account for 20.1% of the total number of trees and contribute 40.9% to the total basal area. This formation can, therefore, be considered as the westernmost lowland dipterocarp forest of Asia.Analysis of the spatial variations in the floristic composition and in the structure of the main species populations shows that two kinds of mature phases can be identified: where the topography is raised and gently sloping, the vertical structure of the stand is discontinuous, with Dipterocarpus indicus and Vateria indica forming an emergent layer above a dense undergrowth; on slopes, the stand is lower, vertically continuous and saturated with Valeria indica and Myristica dactyloïdes. The link between the structure of the stand and dynamic processes is discussed.

Floristics and Structure of Arboreal Components in a Restored Atlantic Forest Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiane Meloni Silva ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara de la Cruz ◽  
Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres ◽  
Luiz Henrique Elias Cosimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Ecological Group ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽  
Guarea Guidonia

Abstract Background: Coffee and livestock degrade Seasonal Semideciduous Forests in the Zona da Mata region of the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil. The floristic composition must be studied to preserve and conserve forest remnants. The objective was to evaluate the arboreal structure, characterize the seed dispersal syndrome and the ecological group of forest species of a 45-year-old restored area in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The phytosociological parameters density, frequency, dominance and importance value, Shannon's diversity and Pielou's equability were evaluated considering individuals with DBH (diameter at breast height) ≥ 5 cm in sixteen contiguous plots (25 x 25 m). Results: A total of 1,323 individuals from 109 species and 35 botanical families were registered, of which 90 were native and 15 exotic species. The importance value (VI= 11.9%) was highest for Guarea guidonia (Fabaceae). The Shannon's diversity (H') was 3.46 and the equability (J') was 0.74. The number of species (33%) was largest for the initial secondary successional class and the number of individuals with zoochoric dispersion syndrome for the late secondary class (38.3%). The basal area was 44.1 m² ha-1 and the average height was 13 m (ranging from 2 to 32 m). Conclusion: The restored Semideciduous Seasonal Forest is in an advanced successional stage with zoochoric species and a great number of late secondary species.

Co-variation in biomass and environment at the scale of a forest concession in central Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraud Sidoine Mankou ◽  
Nicolas Picard ◽  
Alfred Ngomanda ◽  
Jean Joël Loumeto
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Modal Response ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Ordination Method

Abstract:Drivers of forest structure in central African rain forests are largely unknown. Using forest inventory data (3024 0.4-ha plots) in a forest concession of 154 456 ha in north-eastern Gabon covering an altitudinal gradient (from 485 to 1009 m asl), relationships between above-ground plot biomass and environmental variables (soil type, altitude, slope, aspect) and floristic composition (score given by an ordination method) were tested. After controlling for confounding variables, biomass was significantly related to altitude (with a modal response peaking at 346 Mg ha–1 on western slopes at an altitude of 707 m asl) and to aspect (additional 18.3 Mg ha–1 on eastern slopes) but not to floristic composition. Biomass and basal area responded differentially to the environment. Mean wood density was significantly related to soil, altitude and floristic composition, with a predicted minimum of 0.60 g cm–3 at an altitude of 1009 m asl in stands characterized by Scorodophloeus zenkeri and a maximum of 0.69 g cm–3 at an altitude of 458 m asl in monodominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei stands. Variation in forest structure in the concession was primarily driven by altitude while floristic composition played a role in differentiating the variation in biomass and basal area.

scholarly journals COMPOSIÇÃO E ESTRUTURA DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DE UM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA

FLORESTA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel R.B. Negrelle ◽  
Ramoci Leuchtenberger
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Abstract Data

São apresentados dados de levantamento florístico-estrutural realizado em remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Mata da Fortaleza) no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa - PR (23° 3’ S, 50° 15’ W). Na aplicação do método de quadrantes (75 pontos) foram registrados 300 indivíduos arbóreos (DAP > 15 cm), sendo 11 arvores mortas em pé. Dentre os indivíduos vivos, catalogaram-se 67 morfo-espécies sendo 37 identificadas em nível de espécie, 15 em nível de gênero, 7 em nível de família e 8 não puderam ser identificadas. Para estes indivíduos detectou-se um valor de diversidade H’=3,538 (var. = 0,00413), densidade total de 658 árvores/hectares e área basal total de 32,97 m2. Cerca de 59 % dos indivíduos amostrados foram classificados como macrofanerófitos e 41% como mesofanerófitos, não ocorrendo registro de nanofanerófitos. As espécies de maiores valores estruturais foram Ocotea odorifera (VI=40,19), Araucaria angustifolia (VI= 30,39), Ocotea acutifolia (VI=19,0) e Luehea divaricata (VI=18,44). Floristic composition and structure of an Araucarian forest remnant Abstract Data from a floristic and structural survey in an araucarian forest remnant (called Mata da Fortaleza) in the Vila Velha State Park (Ponta Grossa - PR - 23° 3’ S, 50° 15’ W) are presented. With the application of the point-centered quarter method (75 sampling points), 300 trees (dbh > 15cm) were sampled, including 11 dead trees. Within the alive individuals, 67 morpho-species were detected, 37 identified at a species level, 15 at a generic level, 07 at a family level and 8 were not identified. For the alive component the diversity was H’=3.538 (var. = 0.00413), total density was 658 trees/hectare and the total basal area was 32.97 m2. Almost 59 % of all sampled individuals was classified as macrofanerophyte and 41% as mesofanerophyte, with no register of nanofanerophytes. The species with the greatest importance value were: Ocotea odorifera (40,19), Araucaria angustifolia (30,39), Ocotea acutifolia (19,0) and Luehea divaricata (18,44).

Species diversity, forest structure and species composition in Tanzanian tropical forests

2003 ◽  
Vol 173 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wending Huang ◽  
Veli Pohjonen ◽  
Stig Johansson ◽  
Michael Nashanda ◽  
M.I.L. Katigula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Structure

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Tree Diversity and Distribution in Urban Resettlement Areas for Displaced Farmers

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Chunping Xie ◽  
C. Y. Jim ◽  
Xiangui Yi ◽  
Dawei Liu ◽  
Xu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Trunk Diameter

Resettlement residential areas (RRAs) are a unique product of China’s urbanisation process. Their greening environment is critical to the quality of life and liveable green neighbourhood of the displaced farmers. Our study aimed to (1) interpret the species composition of the landscape trees and their contributions to urban biodiversity in RRAs, and (2) elucidate the structural changes in the tree composition in the last 20 years. Twenty selected RRAs in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, were divided into three categories by completion year. We assessed tree species composition, floristic diversity, tree dimensions, importance value, RRA characteristics, and greening management. The sampled sites accommodated 741 stems and 52 species belonging to 25 families. The three most abundant species were Cinnamomum camphora, Osmanthus fragrans, and Magnolia grandiflora, constituting 45.75% of all trees. The importance values revealed a changing tree planting pattern over time, with persistent domination by a few species. The oldest sites did not harbour the largest trees due to long-term mismanagement and mistreatment by residents. Compared with other housing types and cities, the tree count, importance value, and diversity in RRAs were low. The species diversity was not correlated with RRA completion time, distance from the city centre, and RRA area. The trees were in poor shape with limited trunk diameter and tree height and suffered from frequent and drastic pruning. Residents with lingering farmer mentality commonly exploited the vegetation and green spaces indiscriminately as natural resources. The greenery management could be overhauled by increasing tree number, native species, species diversity, and tree-care quality and engaging residents in a collaborative and participatory mode for a joint maintenance endeavour. The findings offer a scientific basis to improve or design RRA green spaces.

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