Floristics and Structure of Arboreal Components in a Restored Atlantic Forest Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiane Meloni Silva ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara de la Cruz ◽  
Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres ◽  
Luiz Henrique Elias Cosimo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Coffee and livestock degrade Seasonal Semideciduous Forests in the Zona da Mata region of the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil. The floristic composition must be studied to preserve and conserve forest remnants. The objective was to evaluate the arboreal structure, characterize the seed dispersal syndrome and the ecological group of forest species of a 45-year-old restored area in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The phytosociological parameters density, frequency, dominance and importance value, Shannon's diversity and Pielou's equability were evaluated considering individuals with DBH (diameter at breast height) ≥ 5 cm in sixteen contiguous plots (25 x 25 m). Results: A total of 1,323 individuals from 109 species and 35 botanical families were registered, of which 90 were native and 15 exotic species. The importance value (VI= 11.9%) was highest for Guarea guidonia (Fabaceae). The Shannon's diversity (H') was 3.46 and the equability (J') was 0.74. The number of species (33%) was largest for the initial secondary successional class and the number of individuals with zoochoric dispersion syndrome for the late secondary class (38.3%). The basal area was 44.1 m² ha-1 and the average height was 13 m (ranging from 2 to 32 m). Conclusion: The restored Semideciduous Seasonal Forest is in an advanced successional stage with zoochoric species and a great number of late secondary species.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Macielle Macedo Coelho ◽  
André Márcio Amorim

The aim of this study is to survey the angiosperms of two montane forest remnants in the southern Bahia, Brazil: Corcovado (SCO) and Pedra Lascada (SPL). Both fragments are located in the municipality of Almadina and Barro Preto, respectively, and are 18 km distant from each other. We sampled 899 species of angiosperms distributed in 437 genera and 116 families. The SCO was the richest area with 678 species, distributed in 367 genera and 100 families. SPL showed 466 species in 269 genera and 88 families. The percentage of species identified was 85.8% and of this total, 37.7% are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, 11.2% are endemic to southern Bahia and northern Espírito Santo and 7% are disjunct between the Atlantic Forest and Amazon. The remaining percentages (44.3%) were of species widely distributed. The richest families in the two areas were Orchidaceae (10%), Rubiaceae (7%), Bromeliaceae (5.5%), Melastomataceae (4.2%) and Poaceae (4%). The richest genera were Psychotria (2%),Piper (1.8%), Ocotea (1.6%),Vriesea (1.5%) and Peperomia (1.4%). More than half of the recorded species showed non-arboreal habit, regarding life forms documented. That comes against the assertion that many authors in the tropical forests, where species richness in angiosperms is expected for non-woody species, especially in montane forests. Twelve species have been identified as new, but seven others already described from collections previously obtained in these two areas. Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae and Bromeliaceae showed significant richness in this study these families are commonly reported as the richest in other inventories in the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia reinforcing their importance to the regional flora. The high levels of richness, endemism, and the growing numbers of new taxonomic discoveries from the SPL and SCO sites indicate the biological importance of these two forest remnants. The implementation of parks or other protected environmental reserves would be essential to the conservation of its species.


2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Barbosa ◽  
DFP Becker ◽  
S Cunha ◽  
A Droste ◽  
JL Schmitt

<p>The Atlantic Forest, which has a vast epiphytic richness, is a priority area for preservation, listed as one of the five most important world hotspots. Vascular epiphyte richness, composition and community structure were studied in two fragments, one of the ombrophilous (29º43'42"S and 50º22'00"W) and the other of the seasonal (29º40'54"S and 51º06'56"W) forest, both belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each fragment, 40 trees, divided into four ecological zones, were analyzed. In each zone, the occurrence of the species was recorded, and the importance value of each species was calculated according to the frequency of phorophytes and intervals, and cover scores. The Shannon index was calculated for the two communities. In the fragment of the ombrophilous forest (F1), 30 epiphytic species were recorded, and in the seasonal forest (F2), 25. The highest importance value was found for <italic>Microgramma squamulosa</italic> (Kaulf.) de la Sota in both fragments. The diversity indexes for F1 (H'=2.72) and F2 (H'=2.55) were similar and reflected the subtropical location of the areas. The decrease in mean richness in both fragments in zone 3 (internal crown) to zone 4 (external crown) may be associated with time and space availability for epiphyte occupation and microclimate variations. Exclusive species were found in the areas, which suggest that a greater number of preserved fragments may result in a greater number of preserved epiphytic species in the Sinos River basin.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Andréa Vasconcelos Freitas Pinto ◽  
Maria Amanda Menezes Silva ◽  
Ana Virginia De Lima Leite ◽  
Ladivania Medeiros Do Nascimento ◽  
Ana Carolina Borges Lins-e-Silva ◽  
...  

Understanding secondary forest structure and functioning is essential for future planning of effective use and/or recompositioning of such areas. The secondary succession process is influenced by the characteristics of componente species, their interaction with other species and with abiotic components. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the vegetation structure, dispersion syndromes and pollination of a secondary forest fragment with 5 years of regeneration in the Atlantic Forest landscape of Pernambuco, northern Brazil. A total of 30 permanent 10 x 10 m plots with 10 m separations were used for canopy sampling (i.e., all woody individuals with stem diameter at 1.30 m (DBH) greater than 5 cm. Floristic composition analysis recorded 32 species from 21 families. Absolute density was 150 individuals with basal area of 4.787 m² ha-1, and the Shannon-Weaver index (H ‘) was 2.960. The family with the highest number of species was Melastomataceae, while those with greatest abundance were Malpighiaceae (26) and Cecropiaceae (14). Species with the highest Importance Values included Byrsonima sericea (49.28%), Cecropia pachystachya (38.49%) and Bowdichia virgilioides (37.19%). The predominant tree species dispersal syndrome was zoochory (72 species), and the predominant pollination syndrome was melitophilia. Arboreal individuals were mostly recorded in the initial diameter and height classes, indicating that the study area is in the initial stage of succession.


Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Wander Gladson Amaral ◽  
Israel Marinho Pereira ◽  
Danielle Piuzana Mucida ◽  
Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado ◽  
Michele Aparecida Pereira da Silva

A avaliação do processo de sucessão vegetal em locais degradados constitui uma importante ferramenta para se definirem estratégias de recuperação. Assim, considerando-se o quadro atual de degradação nos ecossistemas florestais, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a dinâmica da composição florística da vegetação colonizadora, em três áreas degradadas em processo de regeneração natural, na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. No primeiro inventário, foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivo com DAS30 ≥ 3 cm. No segundo inventário, foram registrados os indivíduos mortos, remensurados os sobreviventes e mensurados e identificados os indivíduos recrutados (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). Foram calculadas as taxas de dinâmica: mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em área basal e número de indivíduos para cada área. Os valores de H’ obtidos para as áreas foram comparados aos pares pelo teste de t de Hutcheson. O padrão observado nas três áreas foi semelhante e as alterações mais expressivas durante os dois inventários foram o aumento significativo da densidade e o rápido aumento da área basal total. Todos os indicadores estruturais analisados mostraram que as áreas estão em processo de construção inicial, porém a área degradada pelo garimpo de ouro encontra-se em estágio sucessional mais avançado quando comparada à área degradada pelo processo de voçorocamento e à área degradada pelo garimpo de diamante.Palavras-chave: composição florística; impactos antrópicos; heterogeneidade temporal; sucessão ecológica. COLONIZING VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN THREE AREAS DEGRADED BY MININGIN SOUTHERN SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO ABSTRACT: The evaluation of the process of plant succession in degraded places is an important tool to define recovery strategies. Thus, considering the current situation of degradation in forest ecosystems, the present study aimed to study the dynamics of the floristic composition of the colonizing vegetation, in three degraded areas in the process of natural regeneration, in the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. In the first inventory, all tree-shrub individuals with DAS30 ≥ 3 cm were sampled. In the second inventory, dead individuals were recorded, survivors were remeasured and recruited individuals were measured and identified (DAS30 ≥ 3 cm). The dynamics rates were calculated: mortality, recruitment, gain and loss in the basal area and number of individuals for each area. The H 'values obtained for the areas were compared in pairs by the Hutcheson t test. The pattern observed in the three areas was similar and the most significant changes during the two inventories were the significant increase in density and the rapid increase in the total basal area. All the structural indicators analyzed showed that the areas are in the process of initial construction, but the area degraded by gold mining is in a more advanced successional stage when compared to the area degraded by the voçorocamento process and the area degraded by diamond mining.Keywords: floristic composition; human impacts; temporal heterogeneity; ecological succession.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
José Paulo Santana ◽  
Patrício Adriano da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Vinícius da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Nascimento Prata ◽  
Adauto Souza Ribeiro

Among the various applications of phytosociology, the evaluation of natural regeneration is of great importance, mainly because it provides insights for ecological restoration. The objective of this study was to analyze the composition and phytosociological parameters of shrub and tree vegetation in areas of plantation of eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) and areas of native forest in the Ibura National Forest, located in the Sergipe state of northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 20 plots were sampled and all individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 8 cm were measured. Sampling revealed 821 individuals in the forest area and 1,000 in the eucalyptus area. These individuals represent 84 species and the areas presented a significant difference in species composition, with 61 in the eucalyptus area and 65 in the Forest area, and only 40 species were common to both areas. There was a predominance of pioneer individuals in the eucalyptus area. There also was a significant difference in basal area, relative density and relative dominance, but no significant differences were observed in average height. It was concluded that a period of 35 years is insufficient for the recovery of the eucalyptus area, which remains in a more initial successional stage than the forest area.


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (Ed.esp.) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Mônica Garcia ◽  
Mariza Barion Romagnolo

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer a composição florística e estágio sucessional das espécies arbóreas que compõem as margens da mata ciliar do Ribeirão da Içara (23º09’51.74’’S e 51º39’21.60’’W), no município de Astorga, na região norte do Estado do Paraná. O clima da região é classificado como Cfa, e altitude média de 532 m. A área de estudo apresenta 0,5 ha, pertence ao domínio de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, consiste em um trecho de mata ciliar formado por uma vegetação nativa com agrupamentos densos de árvores, cipós (trepadeiras), pouca vegetação rasteira e reflorestamento. A ocupação do solo do entorno é a pecuária e a produção de culturas de cana-de-açúcar e laranja. As coletas de material botânico foram realizadas através de expedições mensais com duração de três dias no período de dezembro de 2010 a março de 2011. Foram amostrados os indivíduos arbóreos em estágio reprodutivo, os quais foram incorporados ao acervo do HUEM. Algumas espécies foram coletadas apenas suas partes vegetativas. O material coletado foi identificado com auxílio de bibliografia específica e por comparação com o material do acervo do HUEM, seguindo o sistema APG III. As espécies foram classificadas quanto ao estágio sucessional através de consulta a bibliografias específicas e observações de campo, sendo que as exóticas e as indeterminadas não foram consideradas para esta análise. Foram registradas 84 espécies reunidas em 77 gêneros e 28 famílias, das quais seis foram identificadas apenas em nível de gênero, quatro ao nível de família e uma de família indeterminada. Fabaceae apresentou o maior número de espécies (23), seguida de Myrtaceae com seis, Malvaceae e Meliaceae com cinco, Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Sapindaceae com quatro, Rutaceae com três. Nestas famílias estão contidos 69,05% do número de espécies. O gênero com maior número de espécies foi o Machaerium (três). Quanto ao estágio sucessional, 35,93% das espécies pertencem à classe sucessional pioneira, 32,81% secundária inicial, 20,31% secundária tardia e 10,44% clímax. Este resultado, com predomínio de espécies pioneiras e secundárias, mostra que existe uma substituição gradual das espécies, o que possivelmente pode estar relacionado com a retirada de espécies de importância comercial. Flower Survey of Tree Species of Riparian Vegetation in Astorga, Brazil The floristic composition and successional stage of tree species in riparian vegetation of the Ribeirão da Içara (23º09’51.74’’S and 51º39’21.60’’W) in the municipality of Astorga in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, are analyzed. Climate is Cfa and average altitude is 532 m. The 0.5 ha area under analysis belongs to the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest and consists of a stretch of riparian vegetation formed by native vegetation with dense tree groups, creepers, ground vegetation and reforestation. Surrounding ground is occupied by livestock and the production of sugar cane and orange trees. Botanic material was collected by 3-day monthly expeditions between December 2010 and March 2011. Tree specimens in the reproduction stage were sampled and voucher specimens were incorporated to the collection of the State University of Maringá. Only the vegetal parts of some species were collected and the material was identified by specific bibliography and compared with specimens at the university, following the APG III system. Species were classified with regard to their successional stage by specific bibliography and field observations, although exotic and indeterminate plants were not taken into account in current analysis. Eighty-four species, with 77 genera and 28 families, were registered. Six were identified at genus level, four at family level and one family was undetermined. The Fabaceae had the highest number of species (23), followed by Myrtaceae (6), Malvaceae and Meliaceae (5), Anacardiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Sapindaceae (4), Rutaceae (3). Further, 69.05% of species belong to these families. Machaerium (3) was the genus with the highest number of species. With regard to the successional stage, 35.93% were species of the pioneer succession class; 32.81% initial secondary class; 20.31% late secondary class and 0.44% climax class. Results, featuring predominantly pioneer and secondary species, show a gradual replacement of species, perhaps related to the removal of commercially relevant species. KEYWORDS: Água do Içara Stream; Successional Stage; Native Vegetation.


FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sustanis Horn Kunz ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura e a composição florística da regeneração natural de trechos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em diferentes estágios sucessionais. Para a estrutura fitossociológica, foram demarcadas sistematicamente 10 parcelas de 5 x 10 m em trecho de floresta em estágio médio de regeneração (FEM), floresta em estágio avançado de regeneração (FEA) e pastagem abandonada (PAS), sendo amostrados os indivíduos com altura ≥ 50 cme diâmetro à altura do solo ≤ 5 cm. Foi realizada análise de correspondência retificada e análise de espécies indicadoras de cada trecho. Na estrutura da regeneração natural da FEM e da pastagem, houve destaque de apenas uma espécie (Psychotria sessilis e Vernonia polyanthes, respectivamente) quanto ao Valor de Importância (VI), devido principalmente à alta densidade. Já na FEA não foi observada forte dominância por uma espécie. As três áreas apresentaram-se distintas quanto à abundância e composição de espécies, sugerindo que a matriz florestal é composta por um mosaico sucessional. Além disso, cada trecho ainda mantém espécies indicadoras características, de acordo com o estágio sucessional em que se encontram, razão pela qual ações de manejo e enriquecimento poderiam ser adotadas para acelerar o processo de sucessão.Palavras-chave: Composição florística; conservação; estrutura; sucessão secundária. AbstractNatural regeneration of seasonal semideciduous forest in different successional stages (Zona da Mata, MG, Brazil). The objective of this study was to evaluate the floristic structure and composition of the natural regeneration of stretches from Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in different successional stages. Ten plots, 5 x 10 meters in size, were systematically delimited for phytosociological structure in patches of forest which were in intermediate regeneration stage (FEM), advanced regeneration stage (FEA) and abandoned pasture (PAS).We sampled the individuals with ≥ 50 cm in height and diameter at ground height ≤ 5 cm. We performed Detrended Correspondence Analysis and analysis of indicative species of each forest section. In the natural regeneration structure of FEM and pasture it was featured only one species (Psychotria sessilis and Vernonia polyanthes, respectively) in the Importance Value (IV), mainly due to high density. In relation to the FEA there was no strong dominance by one species. The three sections showed distinct species abundance and composition, which suggests that the forest matrix comprises a successional mosaic. Furthermore, each stretch still maintains indicative characteristic species, according to the successional stage they are in. Because of this, management and enrichment actions could be performed to accelerate the succession process.Keywords: Floristic composition; conservation; structure; secondary succession.


1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Pascal ◽  
Raphael Pelissier

ABSTRACTA permanent plot of 28 ha was established in a dense wet evergreen forest in the Western Ghats of India to study the functioning of the ecosystem. Since April 1990, 1981 trees of ≥30 cm gbh have been enumerated in a systematic sampling of five strips totalling 3.12 ha. This paper describes the main structural and floristic characteristics of the plot.The density (635 trees ≥30 cm gbh per hectare) and basal area (39.7 m2 ha−1) are high. Despite the high diversity (Simpson's D = 0.92 and Shannon's H' = 4.56), four species are distinctly, dominant in terms of an importance value index (relative density + relative basal area). Each of these four species occupies a different layer in the ecosystem: Humboldtia brunonis Wall. (Fabaceae) dominates the undergrowth, Myristica dactyloïdes Gaertn. (Myristicaceae) the intermediate strata, Valeria indica L. (Dipterocarpaceae) the higher canopy level and Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd. (Dipterocarpaceae) the emergents. This pronounced species hierarchy is one of the most important characteristics of the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. The two dipterocarps account for 20.1% of the total number of trees and contribute 40.9% to the total basal area. This formation can, therefore, be considered as the westernmost lowland dipterocarp forest of Asia.Analysis of the spatial variations in the floristic composition and in the structure of the main species populations shows that two kinds of mature phases can be identified: where the topography is raised and gently sloping, the vertical structure of the stand is discontinuous, with Dipterocarpus indicus and Vateria indica forming an emergent layer above a dense undergrowth; on slopes, the stand is lower, vertically continuous and saturated with Valeria indica and Myristica dactyloïdes. The link between the structure of the stand and dynamic processes is discussed.


FLORESTA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel R.B. Negrelle ◽  
Ramoci Leuchtenberger

São apresentados dados de levantamento florístico-estrutural realizado em remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Mata da Fortaleza) no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa - PR (23° 3’ S, 50° 15’ W). Na aplicação do método de quadrantes (75 pontos) foram registrados 300 indivíduos arbóreos (DAP > 15 cm), sendo 11 arvores mortas em pé. Dentre os indivíduos vivos, catalogaram-se 67 morfo-espécies sendo 37 identificadas em nível de espécie, 15 em nível de gênero, 7 em nível de família e 8 não puderam ser identificadas. Para estes indivíduos detectou-se um valor de diversidade H’=3,538 (var. = 0,00413), densidade total de 658 árvores/hectares e área basal total de 32,97 m2. Cerca de 59 % dos indivíduos amostrados foram classificados como macrofanerófitos e 41% como mesofanerófitos, não ocorrendo registro de nanofanerófitos. As espécies de maiores valores estruturais foram Ocotea odorifera (VI=40,19), Araucaria angustifolia (VI= 30,39), Ocotea acutifolia (VI=19,0) e Luehea divaricata (VI=18,44). Floristic composition and structure of an Araucarian forest remnant Abstract Data from a floristic and structural survey in an araucarian forest remnant (called Mata da Fortaleza) in the Vila Velha State Park (Ponta Grossa - PR - 23° 3’ S, 50° 15’ W) are presented. With the application of the point-centered quarter method (75 sampling points), 300 trees (dbh > 15cm) were sampled, including 11 dead trees. Within the alive individuals, 67 morpho-species were detected, 37 identified at a species level, 15 at a generic level, 07 at a family level and 8 were not identified. For the alive component the diversity was H’=3.538 (var. = 0.00413), total density was 658 trees/hectare and the total basal area was 32.97 m2. Almost 59 % of all sampled individuals was classified as macrofanerophyte and 41% as mesofanerophyte, with no register of nanofanerophytes. The species with the greatest importance value were: Ocotea odorifera (40,19), Araucaria angustifolia (30,39), Ocotea acutifolia (19,0) and Luehea divaricata (18,44).


FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Thyêgo Nunes Alves Barreto ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira ◽  
José Antônio Aleixo Silva ◽  
Cleuma Christir da silva Almeida ◽  
Andréa de Vasconcelos Freitas Pinto

Studying selected floristic changes in dry forests is fundamental to foster conservation and sustainability strategies. Objective: to analyze the occurrence of woody species in a tropical forest with a history of use. In 2008, 40 permanent plots were installed and wood with a circumference of 1.30 m at a breast height (CAP) ≥ 6 cm were measured. In 2012, newly established individuals (those that did not meet the size requirements in 2008 but did in 2012) and mortality of the remaining individuals were analyzed by computer. Where applicable, the density, frequency, and absolute dominance, importance value, newly established individuals, mortality, and gross growth for each species, along with the Shannon index were estimated. The floristic composition and diversity remain unchanged. After four years, there were few differences between species, while in most cases the growth in the basal area was positive and sometimes the number of newly established individuals exceeded the mortality. After 24 years of logging, the analyzed forest area did not reach its initial basal area stock when compared to other areas of the Caatinga that do not have a history of disturbance.


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