scholarly journals Effect of herbicide resistance on seed physiology of Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass)

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús R. Torres-García ◽  
Ebandro Uscanga-Mortera ◽  
Carlos Trejo ◽  
Víctor Conde-Martínez ◽  
Josue Kohashi-Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Seed Physiology

scholarly journals Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistance Status on Populations of Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor Retz.) from Southern Greece and Suggestions for their Effective Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Travlos
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Greece

Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistance Status on Populations of Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris MinorRetz.) from Southern Greece and Suggestions for their Effective ControlIn 2010, a survey was conducted in the wheat fields of a typical cereal-producing region of Greece to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide-resistant littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minorRetz.). In total, 73 canarygrass accessions were collected and screened in a field experiment with several herbicides commonly used to control this weed. Most of the weed populations were classed as resistant (or developing resistance) to the acetyl-CoA varboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide diclofop, while resistance to clodinafop was markedly lower. The results of the pot experiments showed that some of the canary populations were found to have a very high level of diclofop resistance (resistance index up to 12.4), while cross resistance with other herbicides was also common. The levels of resistance and cross resistance patterns among populations varied along with the different amounts and times of selection pressure. Such variation indicated either more than one mechanism of resistance or different resistance mutations in these weed populations. The population which had the highest diclofop resistance level, showed resistance to all aryloxyphenoxypropinate (APP) herbicides applied and non-ACCase inhibitors. Alternative ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, such as pinoxaden remain effective on the majority of the tested canarygrass populations, while the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron could also provide some solutions. Consequently, there is an opportunity to effectively control canarygrass by selecting from a wide range of herbicides. It is the integration of agronomic practices with herbicide application, which helps in effective management ofP. minorand particularly its resistant populations.

New Technologies to Combat Herbicide Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92
Author(s):  
Rob Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Uk

Herbicide resistance in problem weeds is now a major threat to global food production, being particularly widespread in wild grasses affecting cereal crops. In the UK, black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) holds the title of number one agronomic problem in winter wheat, with the loss of production associated with herbicide resistance now estimated to cost the farming sector at least £0.5 billion p.a. Black-grass presents us with many of the characteristic traits of a problem weed; being highly competitive, genetically diverse and obligately out-crossing, with a growth habit that matches winter wheat. With the UK’s limited arable crop rotations and the reliance on the repeated use of a very limited range of selective herbicides we have been continuously performing a classic Darwinian selection for resistance traits in weeds that possess great genetic diversity and plasticity in their growth habits. The result has been inevitable; the steady rise of herbicide resistance across the UK, which now affects over 2.1 million hectares of some of our best arable land. Once the resistance genie is out of the bottle, it has proven difficult to prevent its establishment and spread. With the selective herbicide option being no longer effective, the options are to revert to cultural control; changing rotations and cover crops, manual rogueing of weeds, deep ploughing and chemical mulching with total herbicides such as glyphosate. While new precision weeding technologies are being developed, their cost and scalability in arable farming remains unproven. As an agricultural scientist who has spent a working lifetime researching selective weed control, we seem to be giving up on a technology that has been a foundation stone of the green revolution. For me it begs the question, are we really unable to use modern chemical and biological technology to counter resistance? I would argue the answer to that question is most patently no; solutions are around the corner if we choose to develop them.

Management of Isoproturon-Resistant Phalaris minor in Wheat by Alternate Herbicides under Tarai Region Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prinsa ◽  
Hem C. Joshi ◽  
Babita Joshi ◽  
S.K. Guru
Keyword(s):  
Phalaris Minor

IMPACT OF WHEAT ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEED FLORA, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF WHEAT IN RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN SINGH ◽  
OMBIR SINGH ◽  
ROHITASAV SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar during continuous two years to study the weed flora, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different wheat establishment methods in main plots and seven weed management in sub plots. Phalaris minor was the most dominant weed at 60 DAS contributed 55.0 per cent of total weed population. Melilotusindica was the major non grassy weeds in wheat which contributed 11 per cent to total weed population during respective years. Sowing of wheat with zero tillage significantly reduced the Phalaris minor density as compared to conventionally tilled wheat after transplanted rice, 60 per cent Phalaris minor emerged from 0-3 cm in reduced and conventional tillage where as in zero tillage after transplanted rice there was 55 per cent emergence from 0-3 cm layer.The highest grain yield was obtained in two hand weedings done at 30 and 60 DAS and was at par with Isoproturon 1.0 kg ha-1 + Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 30 DAS and Clodinafop – Propargyl 60 g ha-1 at 30 DAS fb. Metsulfuron methyl 4 g ha-1 at 37 DAS. Zero tillage resulted in significantly higher uptake of NPK by wheat plants as compared to conventional tillage, whereas reduced tillage recorded minimum NPK, which was significantly lower over the other treatments of wheat establishment methods.

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