Studies on molecular diagnostics in weed science : Application of molecular methods for herbicide resistance in weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Science Application

scholarly journals Application of molecular methods in weed science

10.5334/bbj.b ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Dragana Božić ◽  
◽  
Markola Saulić ◽  
Sava Vrbničanin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Weed Science

scholarly journals Population Genomic Approaches for Weed Science

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Martin ◽  
Jean-Sebastien Parent ◽  
Martin Laforest ◽  
Eric Page ◽  
Julia M. Kreiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Agricultural Weeds ◽  
Key Questions

Genomic approaches are opening avenues for understanding all aspects of biological life, especially as they begin to be applied to multiple individuals and populations. However, these approaches typically depend on the availability of a sequenced genome for the species of interest. While the number of genomes being sequenced is exploding, one group that has lagged behind are weeds. Although the power of genomic approaches for weed science has been recognized, what is needed to implement these approaches is unfamiliar to many weed scientists. In this review we attempt to address this problem by providing a primer on genome sequencing and provide examples of how genomics can help answer key questions in weed science such as: (1) Where do agricultural weeds come from; (2) what genes underlie herbicide resistance; and, more speculatively, (3) can we alter weed populations to make them easier to control? This review is intended as an introduction to orient weed scientists who are thinking about initiating genome sequencing projects to better understand weed populations, to highlight recent publications that illustrate the potential for these methods, and to provide direction to key tools and literature that will facilitate the development and execution of weed genomic projects.

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnostics of Mucormycosis in Hematological Patients: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Shadrivova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Burygina ◽  
Nikolai N. Klimko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hematological Patients ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Objectives: to analyze the results of molecular methods applying for the diagnosis of mucormycosis in hematologic patients based on a literature review. Data sources: A systematic search in databases PubMed, Google Scholar for August 2019. Review eligibility criteria: original articles published in English, studies of molecular methods for the diagnosis of mucormycosis in hematologic patients. Results. We analyzed the research data from 116 hematological patients with mucormycosis, including children (6%). Patients with localized forms of mucormycosis prevailed (72%), and lung involvement was diagnosed in 58% of these cases. For molecular verification of the causative agent of mucormycosis, blood serum was most often used, less commonly postoperative and autopsy material, biopsy specimens, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid and sputum. The sensitivity of molecular diagnostics of mucormycosis in a cohort of hematological patients was 88.2%. Conclusion. The use of molecular techniques along with standard mycological methods will improve the diagnostics of mucormycosis in hematologic patients. However, prospective studies of the effectiveness of molecular methods for the diagnosis of mucormycosis of various etiologies in hematological patients, including children, using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are needed.

Complementary Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Parallel Karyotyping and Molecular Diagnostics in Patients with Acute Leukemias.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4527-4527
Author(s):  
Anna Ejduk ◽  
Miroslaw Majewski ◽  
Iwona Solarska ◽  
Hanna Makuch-Lasica ◽  
Iwona Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Fusion Genes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Molecular Tests

Abstract Chromosomal aberrations analyzed by cytogenetic and molecular methods are major prognostic factors determining treatment options in patients with acute leukemias. The aim of this study was to compare cytogenetic and molecular methods as diagnostic and prognostic tools in patients with acute leukemias. Sixty one previously untreated patients with acute leukemias (AML - 43, ALL - 18) were studied for the presence of chromosomal translocations and corresponding fusion genes [AML1-ETO t(8;21), CBFB-MYH11 inv(16), PML-RARA t(15;17), BCR-ABL p190, p210 t(9;22), MLL-AF4 t(4;11), TEL-AML1 t(12;21), E2A-PBX1 t(1;19), SIL-TAL1 del(1)] using both molecular (RT-PCR, nested PCR) and cytogenetic (GTG) methods. Molecular diagnostics was performed from RNA isolated from bone marrow samples according to BIOMED-1 protocol. Cytogenetic studies were carried out with classical GTG and FISH methods. G-banded mitoses of bone marrow specimen were analysed according to ISCN. Chromosomal aberrations were found in 32.8% patients using GTG method while the parallel molecular tests revealed related fusion genes in 50.8% patients. In 8.5% patients cytogenetic analysis was not performed because of lack of metaphases in cultured cells. All cytogenetic aberrations found in GTG were also confirmed in RT-PCR. Stratification into cytogenetic risk groups was performed after applying combined analysis of karyotyping and molecular tests. Low cytogenetic risk group consisted of 32.8% patients including 11.5% diagnosed with GTG and additionally 21.3% patients after applying molecular tests. The intermediate and high cytogenetic risk group consisted of 32.8% and 34.4% respectively using combined cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics. In low cytogenetic risk group, 85% of patients achieved complete remission (CR), early deaths were found in 15% and none of the patients presented primary chemotherapy resistance. In intermediate risk group CR were obtained in 80%, chemoresistance in 10% and early deaths were observed in 10% of patients. In high cytogenetic risk group, CR were achieved in only 23.8% and chemoresistance occured in 76.2% of the patients. In conclusion we suggest that molecular and cytogenetic tests are complementary methods and should be used in parallel in the initial diagnosis of patients with acute leukemias. This seems to be critical for obtaining the accurate diagnosis, cytogenetic risk assessment and choosing an optimal treatment options.

scholarly journals Human Dimensions of Herbicide Resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 551-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ward
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
International Research ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

Herbicide resistance has become a major topic of international research in weed science, with a steady stream of presentations and papers on various aspects of the biology of herbicide resistant weeds. Diverse sources—including WSSA—have generated an equally steady stream of recommendations for preventing and managing herbicide resistance. The situation in the field, however, continues to deteriorate, with new cases of herbicide resistant weeds being reported at an increasing rate. We know what to do, but why aren't we doing it?

scholarly journals Resisting resistance: new applications for molecular diagnostics in crop protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Robert Edwards ◽  
Nawaporn Onkokesung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The Uk

While there is universal recognition of the dangers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health, far less attention has been directed towards the steady growth of resistance to the pesticides and herbicides that safeguard global food security. As a major constraint on crop productivity, weed competition causes greater losses than invertebrate pests and fungal pathogens combined, with the development of herbicide resistance now a primary agronomic threat to arable agriculture and horticulture. Here in the UK, our dominant crop, winter wheat, is now subject to annual losses of 1 million tons of grain equating to an estimated £0.5 billion, primarily due to the mass evolution of herbicide resistance in the highly competitive weed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides). Informed by strategies being developed in healthcare to combat AMR through its rapid identification, we now look to new tools to combat herbicide and pesticide resistance informed by molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals ACREDITED MOLECULAR METHODS FOR DETECTION OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY HIV, HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
Belinda Gelmanovska ◽  
Vaso Taleski
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Great Success ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B and C, as well as HIV infections are common pathology in present time. According current assessments 350 million are carriers of Hepatitis B virus, 170 million of Hepatitis C virus and over 60 million infected by HIV. Timely detection and prompt diagnosis of these viral infections are of great importance. According assessments, in our country about 1 of 50 persons are infected by Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C. From the beginning of the epidemic in 1987, until 2016 total number of registered of HIV/AIDS is 311 (179 with AIDS and 131 HIV positive). In JZU - University Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje, diagnosis of these viral infections are made by accredited molecular diagnostics methods, PCR, at Department for molecular diagnostics using HCV-RNA, HBV-DNA and HIV-RNA. Aims of accreditation of particular procedures in laboratories is protection and advancing of human health, and preventing of spreading of viral infections. With great success, Department for molecular diagnostics as part of the University Clinic For Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions Skopje use the System for quality management according standard MKS EN ISO 15189:2013 for medical laboratories. Accredited molecular methods in use for detection of Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis B virus and HIV are Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Genotypisation of HCV with method of Reverse hybridization.

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