scholarly journals Siekgebou-indroom - 'n krietiese oorsig

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Leijeaar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Worldwide, indoor air pollution is causing great concern. Because is often the only visible air pollutant, tobacco smoke is invariably singled out as the culprit. However, detailed research has found that it plays an insignificant role and that the blame should rather be placed on poorly designed and negligently maintained heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. 

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure: impact on nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in mothers and infants in an African birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 00052-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Vanker ◽  
Polite M. Nduru ◽  
Whitney Barnett ◽  
Felix S. Dube ◽  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air pollution (IAP) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may influence nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial species and development of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the impact of antenatal or postnatal IAP/ETS exposure on nasopharyngeal bacteria in mothers and infants.A South African cohort study followed mother–infant pairs from birth through the first year. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken at birth, 6 and 12 months for bacterial culture. Multivariable and multivariate Poisson regression investigated associations between nasopharyngeal bacterial species and IAP/ETS. IAP exposures (particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds) were measured at home visits. ETS exposure was measured through maternal and infant urine cotinine. Infants received the 13-valent pneumococcal andHaemophilus influenzaeB conjugate vaccines.There were 881 maternal and 2605 infant nasopharyngeal swabs. Antenatal ETS exposure was associated withStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage in mothers (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.73 (95% CI 1.03–2.92)) while postnatal ETS exposure was associated with carriage in infants (aRR 1.14 (95% CI 1.00–1.30)) Postnatal particulate matter exposure was associated with the nasopharyngeal carriage ofH. influenzae(aRR 1.68 (95% CI 1.10– 2.57)) orMoraxella catarrhalis(aRR 1.42 (95% CI 1.03–1.97)) in infants.Early-life environmental exposures are associated with an increased prevalence of specific nasopharyngeal bacteria during infancy, which may predispose to LRTI.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Advantages of Molecular Tools for the Monitoring of Fungal Indoor Air Contamination: First Detection of Exophiala jeanselmei in Indoor Air of Air-Conditioned Offices

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Xavier Libert ◽  
Camille Chasseur ◽  
Ann Packeu ◽  
Fabrice Bureau ◽  
Nancy H. Roosens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Exophiala Jeanselmei ◽  
Monitoring Protocols ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Today, indoor air pollution is considered a public health issue. Among the impacting pollutants, indoor airborne fungi are increasingly highlighted. Most of the monitoring protocols are culture-based, but these are unable to detect the uncultivable and/or dead fraction or species suppressed by fast-growing fungi, even though this fraction could impact health. Among the contaminants suspected to be part of this fraction, Exophiala jeanselmei is an interesting case study. Known to be pathogenic, this black yeast grows in humid environments such as air-conditioning systems, where it has been previously detected using classical culture-based methods. However, until now, this fungus was never detected in indoor air in contact with these air-conditioning systems. This study shows the first detection of E. jeanselmei in indoor air collected from offices in contact with contaminated air-conditioning reservoirs. While its presence in indoor air could not be demonstrated with culture-based methods, it was found by real-time PCR and massive parallel sequencing. The latter also allowed obtaining a broader view on the fungal diversity in the tested samples. Similar approaches were applied on water samples collected from the conditioning reservoirs to trace the source of contamination. The comparison of results obtained with both methods confirmed that the molecular tools could improve indoor air monitoring, especially of dead and/or uncultivable contaminants or when competition between species could occur.

Bioactive Nano-Filters to Control Legionella on Indoor Air

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
P.A.F. Rodrigues ◽  
S.I.V. Sousa ◽  
Maria José Geraldes ◽  
M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz ◽  
F.G. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Health Issue

Several factors affect the indoor air quality, among which ventilation, human occupancy, cleaning products, equipment and material; they might induce the presence of aerosols (or bioaerosols in the presence of biological components) nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide and dioxide, volatile organic compounds, radon and microorganisms. Microbiological pollution involves hundreds of bacteria and fungi species that grow indoors under specific conditions of temperature and humidity. Exposure to microbial contaminants is clinically associated with allergies, asthma, immune responses and respiratory infections, such as Legionnaires Disease and Pontiac Feaver, which are due to contamination byLegionella pneumophila. Legionnaire's Disease has increased over the past decade, because of the use of central air conditioning. In places such as homes, kindergartens, nursing homes and hospitals, indoor air pollution affects population groups that are particularly vulnerable because of their health status or age, making indoor air pollution a public health issue of high importance. Therefore, the implementation of preventive measures, as the application of air filters, is fundamental. Currently, High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters are the most used to capture microorganisms in ventilation, filtration and air conditioning systems; nevertheless, as they are not completely secure, new filters should be developed. This work aims to present how the efficiency of a textile nanostructure in a non-woven material based on synthetic textiles (high hydrophobic fibers) incorporating appropriate biocides to controlLegionella pneumophila, is going to be measured. These bioactive structures, to be used in ventilation systems, as well as in respiratory protective equipment, will reduce the growth of microorganisms in the air through bactericidal or bacteriostatic action. The filter nanostructure should have good air permeability, since it has to guarantee minimum flows of fresh air for air exchange as well as acceptable indoor air quality.

scholarly journals PASSIVE SMOKING

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 354-356
Author(s):  
SHAH NAWAZ HASSAN GARDEZI
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Side Stream

Definition: Breathing other people’s smoke is calledpassive, involuntary or second hand smoking.Types:- Side stream – from burning tip of the cigaretteMaintenance – inhaled and exhaled by smoker.Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major sourceof indoor air pollution.

scholarly journals Indoor Air Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpana Singh
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Indoor air pollution is a major problem in our daily life. Efficient corrective methods are urgently needed to combat the problem of Indoor air quality Virus Bacteria pollen grains, smoke, humidity, chemical substances and gases released in anthropogenic activity have adverse health effects in humans . Indoor air is dominant exposure for humans, more than half of the body’s intake during life time is air inhaled in the home. This article is a study based on the effect of indoor air pollutant and their control measures

Indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, and public health

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (4443) ◽  
pp. 464-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Repace ◽  
A. Lowrey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution
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