scholarly journals Comparison of humus form state in the beech and spruce parts of the Žákova hora National Nature Reserve

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Humus Forms ◽  
National Nature Reserve

The paper summarises main ideas concerning the structure of natural forest ecosystems at middle altitudes and documents the changes of humus forms and their chemistry in the natural forest of Žákova hora National Nature Reserve, in typical selected parts with different tree species composition: European beech – Norway spruce. The species composition, age and spatial structure are discussed and analysis of the uppermost soil layer is done in particular parts of the natural forest regeneration cycle, of different stages respectively. We compared the amount and layer composition of surface humus and basic pedochemical characteristics of holorganic and upper mineral horizons. The results document changes in the character of humus forms as a consequence of the tree species change. On the contrary, a high portion of uncertainty as for the species, age and spatial structure follows from discussion about the structure of natural forests at middle altitudes.

scholarly journals Gap Structure and Regeneration in the Mixed Old-Growth Forests of National Nature Reserve Sitno, Slovakia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jaloviar ◽  
Denisa Sedmáková ◽  
Ján Pittner ◽  
Lucia Jarčušková Danková ◽  
Stanislav Kucbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
National Nature Reserve

Forest management mimicking natural processes represents an approach to maintain mixed, uneven-aged stands at small spatial scales. The reliance on natural processes, especially on natural regeneration leads to the use of gap-based regeneration as a fundamental silvicultural technique. As a baseline for such management, we investigated mixed forest in unmanaged National Nature Reserve Sitno in the Western Carpathians, which harbours extraordinary diversity on a rather small scale. To quantify the impact of gaps on gap-filling processes and to assess the role they play in recently observed changes in tree species composition we established a large (2.5 ha) permanent research plot and surveyed the status of natural regeneration, forest structure, tree species composition, and disturbance regime. Our research highlights the long-term and contemporary difficulties in the establishment of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl and Fagus sylvatica (L.). Based on the provided evidence, the native tree species diversity in one of the few preserved old-growth multi-species beech-oak forest remnants is not likely to persist, what could have many implications for future ecosystem functioning. Our results suggest that variation in gap size is an important factor contributing to composition of tree species composition of natural regeneration. The recent intermediate-scale disturbance pattern dominating the old-growth beech-oak forest is beneficial to canopy recruitment of species less shade-tolerant than Fagus sylvatica, as Acer pseudoplatanus (L.), Acer platanoides (L.), and Fraxinus excelsior (L.). We discuss possible factors behind observed shifts in tree species composition and limitations for application of gap dynamics to forest practice in managed beech-oak forest systems. Overall, results of this study may help to design silvicultural measures promoting mixed-species forests to deliver a range of desired ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Are plantations changing the tree species composition of New Brunswick's forest?

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thom Erdle ◽  
Jason Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Ecological Zones

Forest plantations are viewed by some as a means to meet the world's escalating demand for wood, and by others as a threat to forest diversity and ecological function. With the purpose of improving planting practices, we analysed recently available data on 15- to 30-year-old plantations on public land in New Brunswick to identify tree species composition differences between plantations and the natural forest they replaced. Presently, 9% of the public forests in the province has been planted; at current planting rates, this will increase to 17% by the year 2030. Plantations established between 1967 and 1982 differ little from the natural forest they replaced in terms of total softwood content, but differ markedly by having much higher jack pine and much lower red spruce contents. There is evidence of reduced diversity evenness in plantations at the landscape level, but at the stand level few plantations are true monocultures and the abundance of high single-species dominance in plantations is very similar to that of the natural forests they replaced. All species composition comparisons between plantations and replaced natural forest vary strongly by ecoregion. To reduce the degree of difference between plantations and the natural forest, planting practices and prescriptions should (a) broaden the mix of species used, and use less jack pine and more red spruce and cedar, (b) employ a mix of species at the stand level, and (c) consider more fully the site conditions and natural species composition of ecological zones. Key words: plantations, tree species composition, forest simplification, tree species diversity, forest management

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

Impacts of selective logging on spatial structure of tree species composition in Bornean tropical rain forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Nobuo Imai ◽  
John Baptist Sugau ◽  
Joan T. Pereira ◽  
Jupiri Titin ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition

Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Crowley ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

scholarly journals Differences of tree species composition and microclimate between a mahogany(swietenia macrophyllaking) plantation and a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwon Lee ◽  
Don Koo Lee ◽  
Su‐Young Woo ◽  
Emmanuel Rodantes G. Abraham ◽  
Wilfredo M. Carandang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Tree Species Composition
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