We used a space-for-time substitution as an alternative to investigate the variation in root fungal communities from four Korean pine forest lands with different ages. An analysis of the community in the root revealed that the fungal community composition differed, and it was affected
by a combination of host age, climate factors and soil factors which including the soil fungi and soil physical and chemical properties. We assembled 464,490 seq uences into 2,066 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of these, 1,955 OTUs were classified as 5 phyla, 20 classes, 69 orders,
131 families, 330 genera. More than 75% root fungi overlap with the fungi of the habit soil. The fungal communities both from the root and soil bulk showed the highest species diversity in the >150 years old forest compared with 50–100 years old forests and five years old seedlings.
With advancing forest age, in the root there were not only the unique dominant genera, but showed uniqueness both in the totally fungal community and functional fungi community succession took place in these sample plots. In 5 years old land, the relative abundance of pathotrophic fungi and
symbiotrophic fungi were higher than saprotrophic fungi, in the mature forests, pathotrophic fungi and symbiotrophic fungi showed stabilized and a little lower than saprotrophic fungi in richness. These changes in the fungal community, respectively, were influenced significantly by pH, rainfall,
and the mean air temperature (P < 0.05). This study findings focused on the dynamics of changes within the taxonomy of the root fungal community as a response to the age of the host tree (Korean pine), may be used for forest management and as the reference for evaluation the stability
of forest ecosystem.