scholarly journals Roles of apoptosis and autophagy in natural rabies infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ozkaraca ◽  
S Ozdemir ◽  
S Comakli ◽  
MO Timurkan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mrna Transcript ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bcl2 Expression

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of apoptosis and autophagy in animals (cows, horses, donkeys, dogs and cats) naturally infected with rabies by using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and qPCR. The mRNA transcript levels of caspase-3, Bax, Bcl2 and LC3B were determined with qPCR. Caspase-3 and AIF immunopositivity were not observed in the immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, whereas LC3B immunopositivity was determined intensively in the infected animals compared to the control groups. LC3B immunopositivity was detected in the cytoplasm of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the cows, horses and donkeys, and also in the cytoplasm of the neurons in the cornu ammonis of the dogs and cats. While the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax were downregulated, the Bcl2 expression was up-regulated in the infected animals compared to the uninfected animals. In addition, the LC3B levels were found to be significantly higher in the infected animals. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first report of neuronal death in the central nervous system by autophagy, rather than by caspase-dependent or AIF-containing caspase-independent apoptosis.

Amiloride Alleviates Neurological Deficits Following Transient Global Ischemia and Engagement of Central IL-6 and TNF-α Signal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Li Pang ◽  
Shouqin Ji ◽  
Jihong Xing
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Global Ischemia ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Transient Global Ischemia

Background: Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in neurological deficits after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The present study was to examine if blocking acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) using amiloride in the Central Nervous System can alleviate neurological deficits after the induction of CA and further examine the participation of PIC signal in the hippocampus for the effects of amiloride. Methods: CA was induced by asphyxia and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in rats. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine the protein expression of ASIC subunit ASIC1 in the hippocampus, and the levels of PICs. As noted, it is unlikely that this procedure is clinically used although amiloride and other pharmacological agents were given into the brain in this study. Results: CA increased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of rats in comparison with control animals. This was associated with the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α together with Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The administration of amiloride into the lateral ventricle attenuated the upregulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9 and this further alleviated neurological severity score and brain edema. Inhibition of central IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of CA rats. Conclusion: Transient global ischemia induced by CA amplifies ASIC1a in the hippocampus likely via PIC signal. Amiloride administered into the Central Nervous System plays a neuroprotective role in the process of global ischemia. Thus, targeting ASICs (i.e., ASIC1a) is suggested for the treatment and improvement of CA-evoked global cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging and Neuromonitoring Effects of Electro and Manual Acupuncture on the Central Nervous System: A Literature Review and Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Elisabeth Scheffold ◽  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Gerhard Litscher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
System A ◽  
Language Data ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different effects of manual and electroacupuncture on the central nervous system in studies with different neuroimaging interventions. The Database PubMed was searched from 1/1/2000 to 1/6/2014 with restriction to human studies in English language. Data collection for functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) studies was restricted to the period from 1/1/2010 to 1/6/2014 due to a recently published review which included all published randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical studies as well as observational studies with control groups, no blinding required. Only studies comparing manual or electroacupuncture with sham acupuncture were eligible. All participants were healthy adult men and women. A majority of 25 studies compared manual versus sham, a minority of 7 trials compared electro versus sham and only 1 study compared electro versus manual acupuncture. In 29 out of 33 studies verum acupuncture results were found to present either more or different modulation effects on neurological components measured by neuroimaging and neuromonitoring methods than sham acupuncture. Only four studies reported no effects of verum in comparison to sham acupuncture. Evaluation of the very heterogeneous results shows evidence that verum acupuncture elicits more modulation effects on neurological components than sham acupuncture.

Caspase-3 Apoptotic Signaling Following Injury to the Central Nervous System

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe E. Springer ◽  
Stephanie A. Nottingham ◽  
Melanie L. McEwen ◽  
Robert D. Azbill ◽  
Ying Jin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Signaling ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Targeted imaging of activated caspase-3 in the central nervous system by a dual functional nano-device

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yuzhi Hu ◽  
Yubo Guo ◽  
Haojun Ma ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Targeted Imaging ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Analysis of neuronal death in the central nervous system using a new apoptosis model

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Okura ◽  
Ryuichi Tanaka ◽  
Koji Ono ◽  
Seiichi Yoshida ◽  
Toru Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuronal death in the central nervous system during development

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
PGH Clarke ◽  
A Posada ◽  
MP Primi ◽  
V Castagné
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Neuroinflammation

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Anja Pišlar ◽  
Lara Bolčina ◽  
Janko Kos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cysteine Cathepsins ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia and astrocytes, is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that activated microglia induce the expression and secretion of various lysosomal cathepsins, particularly during the early stage of neuroinflammation. This trigger signaling cascade that aggravate neurodegeneration. To date, most research on neuroinflammation has focused on the role of cysteine cathepsins, the largest cathepsin family. Cysteine cathepsins are primarily responsible for protein degradation in lysosomes; however, they also play a role in regulating a number of other important physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the functional roles of cysteine cathepsins in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation, with an emphasis on their roles in the polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation signaling, which in turn causes neuronal death and thus neurodegeneration.

Caspase-3 in the central nervous system: beyond apoptosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 700-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello D’Amelio ◽  
Morgan Sheng ◽  
Francesco Cecconi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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